Uslme Mnemonics-02

Front 1

Cushing triad

Back 1

hypertension, bradycardia, respiratory depression (increased intracranial pressure)

Front 2

Congenital heart disease, Right-to-left shunts

Back 2

The 5 T’s: Tetralogy, Transposition, Truncus, Tricuspid, TAPVR

Front 3

Congenital cardiac defect associations: 22q11 syndromes

Back 3

Truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot

Front 4

Congenital cardiac defect associations: Down syndrome

Back 4

ASD, VSD, AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)

Front 5

Congenital cardiac defect associations: Congenital rubella

Back 5

Septal defects, PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis

Front 6

Congenital cardiac defect associations: Turner’s syndrome

Back 6

Coarctation of aorta

Front 7

Congenital cardiac defect associations: Marfan’s syndrome

Back 7

Aortic insufficiency (late complication)

Front 8

Congenital cardiac defect associations: Infant of diabetic mother

Back 8

Transposition of great vessels

Front 9

Churg-Strauss syndrome

Back 9

Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Most often presents with asthma. sinusitis, skin lesions, and peripheral neuropathy (e.g., wrist/foot drop); can also involve heart, GI, and kidneys. p-ANCA.

Front 10

Sturge-Weber disease

Back 10

Congenital vascular disorder that affects capillary-sized blood vessels. Manifests with port-wine stain on face and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angiomatosis (intracerebral AVM). seizures, and early-onset glaucoma.

Front 11

Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Back 11

Most common form of childhood systemic vasculitis. Skin rash on buttocks and legs (palpable purpura). arthralgia, intestinal hemorrhage, abdominal pain, and melena. Follows URIs. IgA immune complexes. Association with IgA nephropathy. Common triad: 1. skin, 2. joints, 3. GI

Front 12

Vascular disease, affects small vessels

Back 12

Raynaud's disease, Wegener's granulomatosis, Microscopic polyangiitis, 1° pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Sturge-Weber disease, Henoch-Schönlein purpura,

Front 13

Vascular disease, affects small and medium vessels

Back 13

Buerger's disease, Kawasaki disease, Polyarteritis nodosa

Front 14

Vascular disease, affects medium and large vessels

Back 14

Takayasu's arteritis, Temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis),

Front 15

Takayasu’s arteritis

Back 15

pulseless disease––granulomatous thickening of aortic arch and/or proximal great arteries. Associated with an ↑ ESR. Primarily affects Asian females < 40 years old. Fever, Arthritis, Night sweats, MYalgia, SKIN nodules, Ocular disturbances, Weak pulses in upper extremities. FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday.

Front 16

Most common vasculitis that affects medium and large arteries

Back 16

Temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)

Front 17

Embolus types

Back 17

FAT BAT: Fat, Air, Thrombus, Bacteria, Amniotic fluid, Tumor.

Front 18

Hydralazine

Back 18

↑ cGMP→smooth muscle relaxation. Vasodilates arterioles > veins; afterload reduction. Severe hypertension, CHF, First-line therapy for hypertension in pregnancy, with methyldopa. Frequently co-administered with a β-blocker to prevent reflex tachycardia.

Front 19

Minoxidil

Back 19

K+ channel opener —hyperpolarizes and relaxes vascular smooth muscle. Severe hypertension. Toxicily: Hypertrichosis, pericardial effusion, reflex tachycardia, angina, salt retention

Front 20

Calcium channel blockers efficacy

Back 20

Vascular smooth muscle—nifedipine > diltiazem > verapamil; Heart —verapamil > diltiazem > nifedipine

Front 21

Antiarrhythmics IA

Back 21

Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide

Front 22

Antiarrhythmics IB

Back 22

Lidocaine, Mexiletine, Tocainide

Front 23

Antiarrhythmics IC

Back 23

Flecainide, encainide, propafenone

Front 24

Antiarrhythmics III

Back 24

Sotalol, ibutilide, bretylium, amiodarone

Front 25

Pituitary gland hormones

Back 25

Acidophils––GH, prolactin. B-Flat: Basophils––FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

Front 26

Don't need insulin for glucose uptake

Back 26

BRICK L: Brain, RBCs, Intestine, Cornea, Kidney, Liver

Front 27

Cortisol function

Back 27

BBIIG: 1. Maintains Blood pressure (by upregulating α1 receptors on arterioles); 2. ↓Bone formation; 3. Anti-Inflammatory; 4. ↓immune function; 5. ↑Gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, proteolysis.

Front 28

Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones: cAMP

Back 28

FLAT CHAMP: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, CRH, hCG, ADH (V2 receptor), MSH, PTH, Calcitonin, Glucagon

Front 29

Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones: cGMP

Back 29

ANP, NO (EDRF)

Front 30

Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones: IP3

Back 30

GGOAT: GnRH, GHRH, Oxytocin, ADH (V1 receptor), TRH

Front 31

Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones: Steroid receptor

Back 31

Glucocorticoid, Estrogen, Progesterone, Testosterone, Aldosterone, Vitman D, T3/T4

Front 32

Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones: Tyrosine kinase

Back 32

Insulin, IGF-1, FGF, PDGF, Prolactin, GH

Front 33

T3 functions

Back 33

4 B’s: Brain maturation, Bone growth, Beta-adrenergic effects, BMR ↑

Front 34

Pheochromocytoma symptoms

Back 34

5 P’s: Pressure (elevated blood pressure), Pain (headache), Perspiration, Palpitations (tachycardia), Pallor

Front 35

Hypercalcemia

Back 35

CHIMPANZEES: Calcium ingestion (milk-alkali syndrome), Hyperparathyroid, Hyperthyroid, Iatrogenic (thiazides), Multiple myeloma, Paget’s disease, Addison’s disease, Neoplasms, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Excess vitamin D, Excess vitamin A, Sarcoidosis.

Front 36

SIADH

Back 36

Sx: 1. Excessive water retention. 2. Hyponatremia. 3, Urine osmolarity > seruin osmolarity. Causes include: 1. Ectopic ADH (small cell lung cancer). 2. CNS disorders/head trauma. 3. Pulmonary disease. 4. Drugs (e.g., cyclophosphamide).

Front 37

Carcinoid syndrome

Back 37

Rule of 1/3s: 1/3 metastasize; 1/3 present with 2nd malignancy; 1/3 multiple

Front 38

pramlintide

Back 38

mimetics for DM type 2, ↓glucagon

Front 39

exenatide

Back 39

GLP-1 mimetics. ↑insulin, ↓glucagon release. Type 2 DM

Front 40

orlistat

Back 40

inhibits pancreatic lipases. Long-term obesity management. SE: Steatorrhea. Gl discomfort, reduced absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, headache.

Front 41

sibutramine

Back 41

Sympathomimetic serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Short-term and long-term obesity management. SE: Hypertension and tachycardia

Front 42

Demeclocycline

Back 42

ADH antagonist (member of the tetracycline family). For SIADH.

Front 43

Submucosal nerve plexus

Back 43

Meissner’s plexus, Regulates local Secretions, blood flow, and absorption.

Front 44

Myenteric nerve plexus

Back 44

Auerbach’s plexus, Coordinates Motility along entire gut wall. Located between inner (circular) and outer (longitudinal) layers of smooth muscle in GI tract wall.

Front 45

Femoral region

Back 45

NAVEL: Lateral to medial: Nerve-Artery-Vein-Empty space-Lmphatics.

Front 46

Hesselbach’s triangle

Back 46

Inferior epigastric artery, Lateral border of rectus abdominis, Inguinal ligament

Front 47

Peyer’s patches

Back 47

Unencapsulated lymphoid tissue found in lamina propria and submucosa of small intestine. IgA

Front 48

most serous and most mucinous Salivary glands

Back 48

Serous on the Sides (parotids); Mucinous in the Middle (sublingual).

Front 49

the only GI submucosal glands

Back 49

Brunner’s glands, Located in duodenal submucosa

Front 50

what activates trypsinogen

Back 50

enterokinase/enteropeptidase, an enzyme secreted from duodenal mucosa. Trypsin activates other proenzymes and more trypsinogen (positive feedback loop).

Front 51

2° achalasia

Back 51

Chagas’ disease; Scleroderma (CREST syndrome) is associated with esophageal dysmotility involving low pressure proximal to LES.

Front 52

Boerhaave syndrome

Back 52

Transmural esophageal rupture due to violent retching

Front 53

Esophageal cancer

Back 53

ABCDEF. Alcohol/Achalasia, Barrett’s esophagus, Cigarettes, Diverticuli (e.g., Zenker’s diverticulum), Esophageal web (e.g., Plummer-Vinson)/Esophagitis, Familial

Front 54

Ménétrier’s disease

Back 54

Gastric hypertrophy with protein loss, parietal cell atrophy, and ↑ mucous cells. Precancerous. Rugae of stomach are so hypertrophied that they look like brain gyri.

Front 55

Most common congenital anomaly of the GI tract.

Back 55

Meckel's diverticulum. five 2’s: 2 inches long, 2 feet from the ileocecal valve, 2% of population, Commonly presents in first 2 years of life, May have 2 types of epithelia (gastric/pancreatic).

Front 56

Hirschsprung’s disease

Back 56

Congenital megacolon characterized by lack of ganglion cells/enteric nervous plexuses (Auerbach’s and Meissner’s plexuses) in segment on intestinal biopsy. Due to failure of neural crest cell migration.

Front 57

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)

Back 57

[AD] mutation of APC gene on chromosome 5q. Thousands of polyps; pancolonic; always involving the rectum. 100% progress to CRC.

Front 58

Gardner’s syndrome

Back 58

FAP+osseous and soft tissue tumors, retinal hyperplasia.

Front 59

Turcot’s syndrome

Back 59

FAP+malignant CNS tumor.

Front 60

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal caneer (HNPCC/Lynch syndrome)

Back 60

[AD] Mutations of DNA mismatch repair genes. ~80% progress to CRC. Proximal colon always involved.

Front 61

risk factor of CRC

Back 61

IBD, Streptococcus bovis bacteremia, tobacco use, large villous adenomas, juvenile polyposis syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

Front 62

Reye’s syndrome

Back 62

Rare, often fatal childhood hepatoencephalopathy. Findings: mitochondrial abnormalities, fatty liver (microvesicular fatty change), hypoglycemia, coma. Associated with viral infection (especially VZV and influenza B) that has been treated with salicylates. Aspirin is not recommended for children (use acetaminophen, with caution).

Front 63

Wilson’s disease

Back 63

[AR] ABCD. Asterixis, Basal ganglia degeneration (parkinsonian symptoms), Ceruloplasmin ↓, Cirrhosis, Corneal deposits (Kayser-Fleischer rings), Dementia. Hemolytic anemia. Treat with penicillamine.

Front 64

Hemochromatosis (classic triad)

Back 64

micronodular Cirrhosis, Diabetes mellitus, skin pigmentation → “bronze” diabetes. HLA-A3.

Front 65

Acute pancreatitis (risk factors)

Back 65

GET SMASHeD. Gallstones, Ethanol, Trauma, Steroids, Mumps, Autoimmune disease, Scorpion sting, Hypercalcemia/Hyperlipidemia, Drugs (e.g., sulfa drugs).

Front 66

WBC differential from highest to lowest:

Back 66

Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils. (Neutrophils Like Making Everything Better).

Front 67

Causes of eosinophilia

Back 67

NAACP: Neoplastic, Asthma, Allergic processes, Collagen vascular diseases, Parasites

Front 68

Target cell

Back 68

HALT: HbC disease, Asplenia, Liver disease, Thalassemia.

Front 69

Basophilic stippling

Back 69

TAIL: Thalassemias, Anemia of chronic disease, Iron deficiency, Lead poisoning.

Front 70

Schistocyte, helmet cell

Back 70

DIC, TTP/HUS, traumatic hemolysis.

Front 71

Sideroblastic anemia

Back 71

Defect in heme synthesis. [XR] X-linked defect in δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase gene. Treatment: pyridoxine (B6) therapy. ↑ iron, normal TIBC, ↑ ferritin.

Front 72

Acute intermittent porphyria

Back 72

5 P's: Painful abdomen, Pink urine,Polyneuropathy, Psychological disturbances, Precipitated by drugs.

Front 73

Lead poisoning

Back 73

LEAD: Lead Lines on gingivae (Burton's lines) and on epiphyses of long bones on x-ray. Encephalopathy and Erythrocyte basophilic stippling. Abdominal colic and sideroblastic Anemia. Drops—wrist and foot drop. Dimercaprol and EDTA 1st line of treatment. Succimer for kids.

Front 74

DIC

Back 74

STOP Making New Thrombi: Sepsis (gram-negative). Trauma, Obstetric complications, acute Pancreatitis, Malignancy, Nephrotic syndrome. Transfusion.

Front 75

Factor V Leiden

Back 75

Production of mutant factor V that cannot be degraded by protein C. Most common cause of inherited hypercoagulability.

Front 76

Multiple myeloma

Back 76

CRAB: hyperCalcemia, Renal insufficiency, Anemia, Bone/Back pain

Front 77

imatinib

Back 77

anti-bcr-abl antibody, bcr-abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor. treat CML. Toxicity: fluid retention.

Front 78

t(15;17)

Back 78

M3 type of AML, (responsive to all-trans retinoic acid)

Front 79

t(11;22)

Back 79

Ewing's sarcoma

Front 80

t(11;14)

Back 80

Mantle cell lymphoma

Front 81

rescue drug. Methotrexate (MTX)

Back 81

leucovorin

Front 82

rescue drug. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)

Back 82

thymidine

Front 83

6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) ↑ toxicity with

Back 83

allopurinol (metabolized by xanthine oxidase)

Front 84

Trastuzumab (Herceptin)

Back 84

Monoclonal antibody against HER-2 (erb-B2). Treat Metastatic breast cancer.

Front 85

Unhappy triad/knee injury

Back 85

medial collateral ligament (MCL) , anterior cruciate ligament(ACL), and lateral (not medial) meniscus.

Front 86

Epithelial cell junctions

Back 86

Zona occludens (tight junction), Zona adherens (intermediate junction), Macula adherens (desmosoma), Gap junction, Hemidesmosome

Front 87

Rotator cuff muscles

Back 87

SItS: Supraspinatus—helps deltoid abduct arm. Infraspinatus—laterally rotates arm. Teres minor—adducts and laterally rotates arm. Subscapularis—medially rotates and adducts arm.

Front 88

Sicca syndrome

Back 88

dry eyes, dry mouth, nasal and vaginal dryness, chronic bronchitis, reflux esophagitis. No arthritis.

Front 89

SLE features

Back 89

I'M DAMN SHARP: Immunoglobulins (anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, antiphospholipid), Malar rash, Discoid rash, Antinuclear antibody, Mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers), Neurologic disorders, Serositis (pleuritis, pericarditis), Hematologic disorders, Arthritis, Renal disorders, Photosensitivity.

Front 90

Positive antinuclear antibodies

Back 90

SLE, Sjogren's (and sicca), scleroderma, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile arthritis, mixed connective tissue disease.

Front 91

Sarcoidosis

Back 91

GRAIN: Gammaglobulinemia, Rheumatoid arthritis, ACE increase, Interstitial fibrosis, Noncaseating granulomas.

Front 92

Mixed connective tissue disease

Back 92

Raynand's FAME. Raynaud's phenomenon. Fatigue, Arthralgias, Myalgias, and Esophageal hypomotility. Antibodies lo UI RNP.

Front 93

CREST syndrome

Back 93

Calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon. Esophageal dysmotilily, Sclerodactyly, and Telangiectasia. Associated with antiCentromere antibody (C for CREST).

Front 94

Auspitz sign

Back 94

bleeding spots when scales are scraped off. Psoriasis

Front 95

IgG antibody against desmosomes

Back 95

Pemphigus vulgaris

Front 96

IgG antibody against hemidesmosomes

Back 96

Bullous pemphigoid

Front 97

Nikolsky's sign

Back 97

separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin. Pemphigus vulgaris.

Front 98

dermatitis herpetiformis

Back 98

Pruritic papules and vesicles. Deposits of IgA at the tips of dermal papillae. Associated with celiac disease.

Front 99

Lichen planus

Back 99

Pruritic, Purple, Polygonal Papules, Sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal-epidermal junction. Associated with hepatitis C.

Front 100

Acanthosis nigricans

Back 100

Hyperplasia of stratum spinosum. Associated with hyperinsulinemia (e.g., from Cushing's disease, diabetes) and visceral malignancy.

Front 101

PGI2

Back 101

Platelet-Gathering Inhibitor. (prostacyclin) inhibils platelet aggregation and promotes vasodilation.

Front 102

Astrocyte marker

Back 102

GFAP

Front 103

Hypothalamus function

Back 103

TAN HATS: Thirsl and waler balance, Adenohypophysis control, Neurohypophysis releases hormones from hypothalamus. Hunger, Autonomic regulation. Temperature regulation. Sexual urges.

Front 104

Where dose ADH been made

Back 104

supraoptic nucleus

Front 105

Where dose oxytocin been made

Back 105

Paraventricular nucleus

Front 106

Limbic system

Back 106

The famous 5 F's: Feeding, Fleeing, Fighting, Feeling, and sex.

Front 107

Hemiballismus

Back 107

Sudden, wild flailing of 1 arm +/- leg. contralateral subthalamic nucleus lesion (e.g.. lacunar stroke in a patient with a history of hypertension).

Front 108

Paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)

Back 108

Eyes look away from side of lesion

Front 109

Frontal eye fields

Back 109

Eyes look toward lesion

Front 110

Central pontine myelinolysis

Back 110

Acute paralysis, dysarthria, dysphagia, diplopia, and loss of conscionsuess. Commonly caused by very rapid correction of hyponatremia.

Front 111

Broca's aphasia

Back 111

Broca's Broken Boca. Nonfluent aphasia with intact comprehension. Broca's area —inferior frontal gyrus.

Front 112

Wernicke's aphasia

Back 112

Wernicke's is Wordy but makes no sense. Fluent aphasia with impaired comprehension. Wernicke's area —superior temporal gyrus.

Front 113

Condunction aphasia

Back 113

Poor repetition but fluent speech, intact comprehension. Arcuate fasciculus —connects Broca's, Wernicke's areas.

Front 114

Berry aneurysms

Back 114

Associated with adult polycystic kidney disease. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and Marfan's syndrome.

Front 115

Hydrocephalus triad

Back 115

dementia, ataxia, and urinary incontinence

Front 116

Parinaud syndrome

Back 116

paralysis of conjugale vertical gaze due to lesion in superior colliculi (e.g., pinealoma).

Front 117

Bell's palsy

Back 117

AIDS, Lyme disease, Herpes zoster, Sarcoidosis, Tumors, Diabetes

Front 118

KLM sounds

Back 118

Kuh-kuh-kuh tests palate elevation (CN X—vagus); La-la-la tests tongue (CN Xll —hypoglossal); Mi-mi-mi tests lips (CN Vll-facial)

Front 119

CN III damage

Back 119

eye looks down and out; ptosis, pupillary dilation, loss of accommodation.

Front 120

CN IV damage

Back 120

diplopia with a defective downward gaze (adjust by tilling head toward lesion). innervates the Superior Oblique.

Front 121

CN VI damage

Back 121

medially directed eye. innevates the Lateral Rectus.

Front 122

Marcus Gunn pupil

Back 122

afferent pupillary defect (e.g., due to optic nerve damage or retinal detachment). ↓bilayteral pupillary constriction when light is shone in affected eye.

Front 123

ARMD

Back 123

Age-related macular degeneration. Degeneration of macula, causes loss of central vision (scotomas). "Dry"/atrophic- ARMD is slow, due to fat deposits and causes gradual ↓ in vision. "Wet" ARMD is rapid, due to neovascularization.

Front 124

Uncal herniation

Back 124

Ipsilaleral dilated pupil/ptosis (Stretching of CN III); Contralateral homonymous hemianopia (Compression of ipsilateral posterior cerebral artery); Ipsilateral paresis. Duret hemorrhages.

Front 125

Differential diagnosis of brain lesions: Ring-enhancing lesion

Back 125

Metastases, abscesses, toxoplasmosis, AIDS lymphoma.

Front 126

Differential diagnosis of brain lesions: Uniformly enhancing lesion

Back 126

Lymphoma, meningioma, metastases (usually ring enhancing).

Front 127

Differential diagnosis of brain lesions: Heterogeneously enhancing lesion

Back 127

Glioblastoma mulltiforme.

Front 128

Ethosuximide

Back 128

EFGH — Ethosuximide, Fatigue, GI, Headache.

Front 129

Short acting Benzodiazepines

Back 129

TOM: Triazolam. Oxazepam, Midazolam. Highest addictive potential.

Front 130

Parkinson's disease drugs

Back 130

BALSA: Bromocriptine, Amantadine, Levodopa (with carbidopa), Selegiline (and COMT inhibitors), Antimuscarinics (Benztropine).

Front 131

Alzheimer's drugs

Back 131

Memantine, Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine

Front 132

Intelligence quotient

Back 132

Stanford-Binet IQ test, WAIS III, WISC for Children,

Front 133

Manic episode

Back 133

Maniacs DIG FAST (3 or more). 1. Distractibility, 2. Irresponsibility—seeks pleasure without regard to consequences (hedonistic). 3. Grandiosity—inflated self-esteem. 4. Flight of ideas—racing thoughts. 5. ↑in goal-directed Activity/psychomotor Agitation. 6. ↓need for Sleep. 7. Talkativeness or pressured speech.

Front 134

Major depressive episode

Back 134

SIG E CAPS (5 or more). 1. Sleep disturbance. 2. Loss of Interest (anhedonia). 3. Guilt or feelings of worthlessness. 4. Loss of Energy. 5. Loss of Concentration. 6. Change in Appetite/weight. 7. Psychomotor retardation or agitation. 8. Suicidal ideations. 9. Depressed mood.

Front 135

Risk factors for suicide completion

Back 135

SAD PERSONS. Sex (male), Age (teenager or elderly), Depression, Previous attempt, Ethanol or drug use, loss of Rational thinking, Sickness (medical illness, 3 or more prescription medications), Organized plan, No spouse (divorced, widowed, or single, especially if childless), Social support lacking.

Front 136

Panic disorder

Back 136

PANICS. Palpitations, Paresthesias, Abdominal distress, Nausea, Intense fear of dying or losing control, lIght-headedness, Chest pain, Chills, Choking, disConnectedness, Sweating, Shaking, Shortness of breath.

Front 137

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

Back 137

toxicity of antipsychotics. FEVER: Fever, Encephalopathy, Vitals unstable, Elevated enzymes, Rigidity of muscles

Front 138

Lithium side effects

Back 138

LMNOP: Movement (tiemor), Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, HypOthyroidism, Pregnancy problems

Front 139

increased Anion Gap in metabolic acidosis

Back 139

MUDPILES: Methanol (formic acid), Uremia, Diabelic ketoacidosis, Paraldehyde or Phenformin, Iron tablets or INH, Lactic acidosis, Ethylene glycol (oxalic acid), Salicylates.

Front 140

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA)

Back 140

Type 1 (distal), Type 2 (proximal), Type 4 (hyperkalemic)

Front 141

WAGR complex

Back 141

Wilms' tumor. Aniridia, Genitourinary malformation. and mental-motor Retardation.

Front 142

Transitional cell carcinoma risk factors

Back 142

Pee SAC: Phenacetin. Smoking. Aniline dyes, and Cyclophosphamide

Front 143

Most common cause of acute renal failure in hospital

Back 143

Acute tubular necrosis

Front 144

Furosemide Toxicity

Back 144

OH DANG! Ototoxicity, Hypokalemia. Dehydration, Allergy (sulfa), Nephritis (interstitial), Gout.

Front 145

Thiazide Toxicity

Back 145

HyperGLUC. Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia. hyperGlycemia, hyperLipidemia, hyperUricemia, and hyperCalcemia. Sulfa allergy.

Front 146

ACE inhibitors Toxicity

Back 146

CAPTOPRIL. Cough, Angioedema, Proteinuria, Taste changes, hypOtension, Pregnancy problems (fetal renal damage), Rash, Increased renin, Lower angiotensin II. Also hyperkalemia.

Front 147

Pathway of sperm during ejaculation

Back 147

SEVEN UP: Seminiferous tubules, Epididymis, Vas deferens, Ejaculatory ducts, (Nothing), Urethra, Penis.

Front 148

Mittelschmerz

Back 148

blood from ruptured follicle causes peritoneal irritation that can mimic appendicitis.

Front 149

Menopause causes

Back 149

HHAVOC: Hirsutism. Hot flashes. Atrophy of the Vagina, Osteoporosis. Coronary artery disease.

Front 150

HELLP syndrome

Back 150

Hemolysis. Elevated LFT's, Low- Platelets. (associated with pregnacy-induced hypertension)

Front 151

Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve shift to right

Back 151

CADET: CO2, Acid/Altitude, 2,3-DPG, Exercise, Temperature

Front 152

DVT

Back 152

Virchow's triad: Stasis, Hypercoagulability, Endothelial damage. Homan's sign: dorsiflexion of foot → tender calf muscle.

Front 153

Lung cancer complications

Back 153

SPHERE: Superior vena cava syndrome, Pancoast's tumor, Horner's syndrome, Endocrine (paraneoplastic), Recurrent laryngeal symptoms (hoarseness), Effusions (pleural or pericardial).