Using Parts Of Speech_Penn Foster's Examination Number_028007

Front 1

How we speak when speaking informally?

Back 1

When we speak informally, we don’t worry too much about making grammatical mistakes, as long as we’re understood.

Front 2

How we write when writing for business?

Back 2

when we’re writing, especially for business, we know our English must be correct and polished, so letters and documents look professional and communicate clearly.

Front 3

How this book can benefit readers?

Back 3

For students, this course will serve as a review of earlier instruction, and for people who already have a good grasp of fundamental grammar, it offers a reference that can answer questions and improve basic writing.

Front 4

What you will learn by studying this unit?

Back 4

• Write a correct sentence • Use pronouns properly • Explain subject-verb agreement • Use modifiers effectively • Identify and correct errors in grammar • Use consistent sentence construction

Front 5

What are the main topics in this study unit?

Back 5

* Building a sentence
* Using the parts of speech
* Using modifiers effectively
* Common grammatical problems

Front 6

What is the basis of all writing?

Back 6

The sentence is the basis of all writing.

Front 7

What is writing?

Back 7

Putting correct and complete sentences together is called writing

Front 8

How can you make sense in your writing?

Back 8

We can make sense in our writing with the help of sentences.

Front 9

What are incomplete sentences?

Back 9

Incomplete sentences doesn't make any sense. They gives a chance to arise questions.

Front 10

Example of incomplete sentences

Back 10

1-Your allowance for this week

2- remains same.

Front 11

What is a sentence?

Back 11

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought and contains a subject and predicate.

Front 12

How to compose a sentence?

Back 12

Whenever you express a complete thought in which you name something and tell something about it, you’re composing a sentence.

Front 13

What is subject?

Back 13

The subject is what the sentence is about.

Front 14

What is predicate?

Back 14

The predicate tells something about the subject.

Front 15

What do you understand by a complete thought in a sentence?

Back 15

Presence of subject and predicate in a sentence shows that it has complete thought.

"Complete thought = subject + predicate"

Front 16

Example of a sentence have subject but no predicate.

Back 16

Your allowance for this week.

(In this sentence allowance is a subject and sentence is not telling anything about the subject so predicate is missing)

Front 17

Example of a sentence have predicate but no subject.

Back 17

Remains the same.

The sentence is telling about something that is missing. It means subject is missing but predicate is available."

Front 18

Example of a complete sentence.

Back 18

Your allowance for this week remains the same.

Your allowance for this week (subject)/remains the same (predicate).

Front 19

What do you understand by sentence fragments.

Back 19

Group of words without subject or predicate called sentence fragments.

Front 20

Is sentence fragments allowed to use in business writing?

Back 20

Avoid using fragments as if they’re whole sentences.

Front 21

Why we use sentence fragments when writing conversation or dialogue.

Back 21

Because people don't always talk in complete sentences.

Front 22

Example a question and answer using sentence fragments in conversation.

Back 22

Question: Are you going out tonight?

Ans: Yes

"Yes" is a sentence fragment. Actually answer is " Yes I am going out tonight." A reader would understand the rest of the sentence even though it wasn't written out.

Front 23

How you can identify a word's part of speech in a sentence.

Back 23

We have to see what the word is doing in a sentence.

Front 24

Define a sentence.

Back 24

A sentence is a group of words with a subject and predicate.

A sentence expresses a complete thought. It’s set off with a capital letter at the beginning. A period, question mark, or exclamation point sets off the end of a sentence.

Front 25

Example a short sentence.

Back 25

They camped.

Front 26

Example a long sentence.

Back 26

The adventurers on the month-long camping expedition in the tundra of the Yukon Territory looked forward to enjoying the familiar conveniences of running water and electricity when they returned to their homes in the Chicago suburbs.

Front 27

How many parts of speech needs a sentence at least?

Back 27

Whether a sentence is short or long, each sentence needs at least two parts of speech. It needs a person, place, thing, or idea—a naming part—that’s called the subject. And it needs something for that subject to do—a telling part—that’s called the predicate.

Front 28

How we can form a grammatical sentence?

Back 28

To form a grammatical sentence, the subject and predicate must express a complete, understandable thought.

Front 29

Define simple subject.

Back 29

The noun or pronoun that names the person, place, thing, or idea is called the simple subject.

Front 30

Define complete subject.

Back 30

This noun or pronoun, plus any words that describe or expand it, is called the complete

subject.

Front 31

How you can find a simple subject in a sentence?

Back 31

You can usually find the simple subject by asking, “What or whom is the sentence about?”

Front 32

My closest friend plans to retire to England.

"Identify simple and complete subject in the above sentence?"

Back 32

Simple Subject: Friend

Complete Subject: My closest friend.

Front 33

What is simple predicate?

Back 33

The simple predicate of a sentence is always a verb or verb phrase, called the predicate verb.

Front 34

What is a verb phrase?

Back 34

A verb phrase is the main verb plus any helping verbs.

Front 35

What is the complete predicate?

Back 35

The complete predicate of a sentence contains the verb or verb phrase and all its modifiers.

Front 36

Define what is the complete predicate?

Back 36

This is the part of the sentence that tells what's going on with the subject.

Front 37

To find the predicate in a sentence what questions should ask?

Back 37

What's being said about the subject? or what did the subject do? or what happened?

Front 38

"My closest friend plans to retire to England" Find complete predicate in this sentence?

Back 38

Ask "What's being said about my closest friend?" He plans to retire to England. is a complete predicate.

Front 39

Find complete predicate in this sentence? "My closest friend plans to retire to England"

Back 39

Ask "What's being said about my closest friend?" He plans to retire to England. So plans to retire to England is a complete predicate.

Front 40

What's the simple predicate or predicate verb in this sentence? "My closest friend plans to retire to England"

Back 40

Only verbs can be simple predicates, and in this group of words there's only one- plans

Front 41

How to find simple subject and simple predicate in a sentence? " My closest friend plans to retire to England"

Back 41

Put the words in the together in a simple sentence that makes sense. "Friend plans" "Friend" is simple subject and "plans" is simple predicate.

Front 42

"My brother Roger baked a cake last night" Identify complete subject, simple subject, complete predicate and predicate verb or simple predicate in the sentence.

Back 42

Complete subject = My brother Roger; Simple subject = Roger; Complete predicate = bake a cake last night; Predicate verb or simple predicate = baked

Front 43

"During the rock concert, an amplifier exploded on stage" Identify Complete subject; Simple subject; Complete predicate; Predicate verb.

Back 43

What happened? Exploded on stage during the rock concert is a complete predicate. Exploded is the simple predicate. Who or what exploded? An amplifier is a complete subject and amplifier is a simple subject.

Front 44

What is the compound subject?

Back 44

A subject having more than one noun or pronoun is called a compound subject.

Front 45

How many nouns are in the following sentence? "The snow and ice made travel difficult"

Back 45

There are two nouns "snow" and "ice".

Front 46

"The snow made travel difficult" What kind of subject is there in this sentence?

Back 46

Simple Subject

Front 47

"The snow and ice made travel difficult" What kind of subject is there in this sentence?

Back 47

Compound Subject

Front 48

Can a compound subject have more than two nouns or pronouns?

Back 48

Yes

Front 49

Give some examples of sentences having compound subjects.

Back 49

She and I went to the rock concert. Donald and he are going swimming. Soccer and football can be dangerous sports.

Front 50

What is compound predicate?

Back 50

A predicate having more than one verb is called a compound predicate.

Front 51

"The workday begins promptly" What kind of predicate is there in this sentence.

Back 51

Simple predicate

Front 52

"The workday begins and ends promptly" What kind of predicate is there in this sentence?

Back 52

Compound predicate. (begins and ends two verbs are there and each makes a statement about the subject workday)

Front 53

Can a sentence have both compound subject and compound predicate?

Back 53

Yes: Example sentence : Sue and Joe talked and laughed in the hall.

Front 54

Why identifying simple or compound subject and predicate verb in a sentence is so important?

Back 54

First to know that is it a complete sentence? Second to know the subject of each verb. Third to make subject and verb agree.

Front 55

How you can move towards writing long sentences?

Back 55

Once we learn to spot the subject and predicate in a sentence quickly and habitually.

Front 56

What is the definition of subject in a sentence?

Back 56

The subject is what the sentence is about.

Front 57

What is the definition of predicate in a sentence?

Back 57

The predicate tells something about the subject.

Front 58

Identify subject and predicate in the following sentence. " I am going"

Back 58

Subject: I, Predicate: am going

Front 59

Identify simple and complete subject in the following sentence.

Evelyn whom I am going to marry, will leave from the national Airport for New York tomorrow.

Back 59

Evelyn: Simple subject, Evelyn whom I am going to marry: Complete subject

Front 60

Identify the subject modifier in the following sentence. "Evelyn whom I am going to marry"

Back 60

Evelyn is subject and whom I am going to marry is modifier.

Front 61

Identify the predicate verb and its modifier in the following sentence. "Evelyn whom I am going to marry, will leave from the National Airport for New York tomorrow."

Back 61

Will leave = Predicate verb, from the National Airport for New York tomorrow = modifier

Front 62

Identify subject in the following sentence "After a few moments, Charles rose from his seat, ran to the telephone, and started dialing frantically as if he were reporting a fire."

Back 62

Subject = Charles (No modifier, its the complete subject)

Front 63

Identify the predicate verb in the following sentence "After a few moments, Charles rose from his seat, ran to the telephone, and started dialing frantically as if he were reporting a fire."

Back 63

Predicate verb = rose, ran, started (This is called a compound predicate because it contains more than one verb)

Front 64

Identify the verb's modifier in the following sentence. "After a few moments, Charles rose from his seat, ran to the telephone, and started dialing frantically as if he were reporting a fire."

Back 64

Verb Modifier = After a few moments (Its part of the predicate even though it comes before the subject.)

Front 65

What are the questions to know a subject in a sentence?

Back 65

What or whom the sentence is talking about? (Answer is the subject)

Front 66

Definition of subject and predicate.

Back 66

Anything and everything the sentence is talking about (together with those modifiers) is the subject. The rest is the predicate verb and verbs modifiers.

Front 67

Identify the subject in the following sentence. " Move that car"

Back 67

Subject is implied in this sentence and that is "You".

Front 68

"Move that car" Is it a complete sentence?

Back 68

The entire sentence is a predicate and it is a complete sentence however.

Front 69

Is subject always the first word in a sentence?

Back 69

No, sometimes subject comes in the middle of the sentence or close to the end.

Front 70

Definition of sentence.

Back 70

A sentence is group of words that expresses a complete thought and contains a subject and predicate.

Front 71

Define subject and predicate in a sentence.

Back 71

The subject is what the sentence is about, and the predicate tells something about the subject.

Front 72

Define sentence fragment.

Back 72

A group of words without a subject and a predicate is a sentence fragment.

Front 73

Definition of modifiers.

Back 73

Simple subjects and predicate verbs each can have modifiers that are part of the complete subject or complete predicate.

Front 74

When you will be able to find sentence fragment errors?

Back 74

When you understand that a sentence doesn't make sense without a subject and predicate.

Front 75

How one can deal with traps?

Back 75

Once you know where the traps are and how they work, you won't fall into them so easily. If you do fall into them, you'll know how to free yourself.

Front 76

"When you have paid your dues?" Does it express a complete thought?

Back 76

No It express incomplete thought. It arises a question, what will happen? when you have paid your dues.

Front 77

Complete the following sentence. " When you have paid your dues________________.

Back 77

When you have paid your dues, you will get your membership card.

Front 78

Definition of clause.

Back 78

A group of words that contains a subject and a verb, but which is usually only part of a sentence not a complete sentence.

Front 79

What is the definition of main clause?

Back 79

A clause that can stand alone as a complete sentence.

Front 80

What is the definition of a dependent clause?

Back 80

A clause in a sentence that gives information related to the main clause, but can not exist alone.

Front 81

What is the definition of independent clause?

Back 81

A clause which can make a sentence by itself. For example "she went home" in the sentence "She went home because she was tired."

Front 82

What is the definition of relative clause?

Back 82

a part of a sentence that has a verb in it, and is joined to the rest of the sentence by 'who', 'which', 'where' etc, for example the phrase 'who lives next door' in the sentence 'The man who lives next door is a doctor.'

Front 83

Definition of relative clause?

Back 83

a part of a sentence that says which particular person or thing you are talking about. For example in 'the man who came to dinner', the phrase 'who came to dinner' is a restrictive clause

Front 84

Which type of clause can fools people?

Back 84

There is no difficulty with independent clause. Its the dependent clause that fools people.

Front 85

What are the characteristics of a dependent clause.

Back 85

1- Has subject 2- Has predicate 3- Is introduced by a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun

Front 86

Tell some example words for subordinating conjunctions.

Back 86

Who, where, although, because, since, while

Front 87

Tell some example words for relative pronouns.

Back 87

Who, which, that, whose, whom

Front 88

What is function of subordinating conjunctions and relative pronouns?

Back 88

The join the dependent clause with the independent clause

Front 89

The dependent clause introduced by relative pronouns called.................

Back 89

Relative clause

Front 90

When you see any of these words, subordinating conjunctions or relative pronouns in a sentence writing then what should do?

Back 90

Stop and look for a dependent clause. Be sure that you don't use this dependent clause alone as a sentence.

Front 91

What is the definition of complex sentence?

Back 91

A sentence that contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses is called a complex sentences.

Front 92

Identify dependent and independent clause in the following sentence. " While he was reading his paper someone picked his pocket."

Back 92

While he was reading his paper = Dependent Clause

Someone picked his pocket = Independent Clause

Front 93

What is the definition of a compound sentence?

Back 93

A sentence that contains two or more independent clauses but no dependent clauses is called a compound sentence.

Front 94

Tell some example words for coordinating conjunctions.

Back 94

and, but, or, nor

Front 95

How independent clauses are connected in a compound sentence?

Back 95

They are connected by coordinating conjunctions such as and, but, or, nor. Some times conjunctions are omitted and semicolons are used instead.

Front 96

Identify that how two independent clauses are connected in the sentence. "I like greem tea; Marjorie prefers rooibos tea."

Back 96

Joined by semicolon

Front 97

Define "The Run-on sentence".

Back 97

A sentence that doesn't know that where to stop.

Front 98

How you can identify run-on sentence?

Back 98

1- No punctuation between independent clauses.
2- Three or more independent clauses joined with the conjunction "and".
3- Only a comma between independent clauses without a connecting word, where a period or semicolon should be.

Front 99

Identify the error in the following run-on sentence. "John likes cake chocolate is his favorite."

Back 99

There is no punctuation used after "John likes cake"

Front 100

Identify error in the following run-on sentence, "Bill wrote a letter and he gave it to his boss and his boss told him where to mail it."

Back 100

Three or more independent clauses joined with the conjunction "and".

Front 101

Identify error in the following run-on sentence." Don't worry about Jim's safety, football is a game his coach knows well."

Back 101

Only a comma between independent clauses without a connecting word, where a period or semicolon should be.

Front 102

In separating independent clauses. When to use semi colon instead of comma?

Back 102

If the ideas in the two independent clauses are closely related and of equal importance, use a semicolon to separate them. Comma is not strong enough to separate independent clauses.

Meet me at Bill's at six; I'll be waiting for you.

Front 103

When we can use comma to separate independent clauses.

Back 103

when the clauses are connected with a coordinating conjunction.

Examples: Many are called, but few are chosen. I like coffee, and she likes tea.

Front 104

When we can use coordinating conjunctions to separate independent clauses.

Back 104

If the ideas are parallel and closely related, you can use coordinating conjunctions like but or and. Example sentences: Many are called, but few are chosen. I like coffee, and she likes tea.

Front 105

When we can use the subordinating conjunctions to separate independent clauses.

Back 105

if one of the ideas is less important than the other, use subordinating conjunctions like because, if, whether, or since. Example sentences: Most people like candy because it tastes so good.

Front 106

which is stronger semicolon or comma?

Back 106

Semicolon is stronger than comma.

Front 107

Sentence Patterns are what?

Back 107

Grammatical arrangement of words in sentences called sentence pattern.

Front 108

There are how many types of basic sentence patterns?

Back 108

There are 5-types of basic sentence patterns.

Front 109

What is the first type of basic sentence pattern?

Back 109

Subject Verb

The dog barked.

She is shopping.

The Gymnasts have been performing.

Front 110

What is second type of basic sentence pattern?

Back 110

Subject Action Verb Direct Object

Mary Lou baked a cake.

Uncle Harry was asking a question.

The teacher corrected the tests.

Front 111

What is the third type of basic sentence patterns?

Back 111

Subject_Action Verb_Indirect Object_Direct Object

The secretary handed him a letter.
Sam gave Mrs.Rivera his test.

Luis a song

Front 112

What is fourth type of basic sentence patterns?

Back 112

Subject_Linking Verb_Subject Compliment

The glasses were dirty.
That woman is my grandmother.
The tiger appears hungry.

Front 113

What is the fifth type of basic sentence patterns?

Back 113

Subject_Verb_Object_Object Complement

We named our dog Sam.
The pot called the kettle black.

Front 114

There are how many primary English sentence patterns for asking questions?

Back 114

There are three types of primary English sentence patterns for asking questions.

Front 115

What is the first primary English sentence pattern for asking questions?

Back 115

Helping Verb Subject Main Verb

Do you hike?

Have we arrived?

Front 116

What is the second primary English sentence pattern for asking questions?

Back 116

Adverb / Pronoun Verb Subject

Where are my glasses?

When is the festival?

who won the race?

Front 117

What is the third primary English sentence pattern for asking questions?

Back 117

Adjective / Pronoun Subject Interrogative Verb

What creature Sings?

Which runner won?

Front 118

what are the topics under heading "Using the parts of speech"

Back 118

Choosing pronouns correctly.

Subject - Verb agreement: Person

Subject - Verb agreement Number

Live writing; The Active voice

Objects and complements

Front 119

What are the topics covered under heading " Choosing Pronouns Correctly".

Back 119

Clear Antecedents, Pronoun Agreement,Which, A special pronoun, Pronoun case, Using first and second person pronouns.

Front 120

What is the definition of "Clear Antecedents"

Back 120

The noun itself called the antecedent of the pronoun.

Front 121

Identify antecedent in the following sentence, " The supervisor of the department was recognized for the extra effort he contributed to the campaign".

Back 121

Supervisor is the antecedent of the pronoun he

Front 122

What is the target of study " Clear Antecedent"

Back 122

Make sure in your writing that a pronoun has only one antecedent clearly.

Front 123

Define clear/unclear status of antecedent in the following sentence. "Charlene kept in close with the department manager while she was on vacation.

Back 123

The pronoun she could refer to either Charlene or the department manager. Antecedent is unclear in this sentence.

Front 124

Write this sentence with the clear antecedent. " Charlene kept in close touch with the
department manager while she was on vacation."

Back 124

While Charlene was on vacation, she kept in close touch with the department manager.

Front 125

Define clear/unclear status of antecedent in the following sentence. "George called Harold three times while he was in the meeting."

Back 125

Who was in the meeting it is not clear so antecedent of pronoun he is not clear.

Front 126

Rewrite the following sentence with clear antecedent. " George called Harold three times

while he was in the meeting."

Back 126

While Harold was in the meeting, George called him three times.

Front 127

Define the clear or unclear status of antecedent in the following sentence "Engineers can be left behind if they don’t keep up with the latest research, for it is a rapidly growing field."

Back 127

The pronoun "it' has no clear antecedent. It is not clear whether it is referring to research or field of engineering.

Front 128

Rewrite the following sentence with clear antecedent. "Engineers can be left behind if they

don’t keep up with the latest research, for it is a rapidly growing field.

Back 128

Engineers can be left behind if they don’t keep up with the latest research, for engineering is a rapidly growing field. "To correct the problem you can replace a pronoun with noun.

Front 129

Define what is the pronoun agreement?

Back 129

A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in gender. For example, if the pronoun refers to a female, use the pronoun she, her, or hers. If the pronoun refers to a male, use the pronoun he, him, or his.

Front 130

Write two example sentences showing pronoun agreement.

Back 130

Linda is at her best under stress. Franco promoted his plan for a sales campaign.

Front 131

Define does pronoun agree with its antecedent in number?

Back 131

A pronoun must also agree with its antecedent in number. If the antecedent is singular, the pronoun must also be singular; if the antecedent is plural, the pronoun must be plural.

Front 132

Write example sentences to show pronoun agree with its antecedent in number.

Back 132

Women often do their best under stress. Although the book was sitting in clear view, James did

not see it. Charlotte brings her lunch to work almost every day.

Front 133

Identify if the pronoun agree with its antecedent correctly. " Although the typical computer is easy to operate, sometimes they present problems."

Back 133

The antecedent of the plural pronoun they is the singular noun computer. Therefore, the pronoun and noun don’t agree.)

Front 134

Rewrite this sentence with correct pronoun antecedent agreement. "Although the typical computer is easy to operate, sometimes they present problems.

Back 134

Although typical computers are easy to operate, sometimes they present problems. / Although the typical computer is easy to operate, sometimes it can present problems.

Front 135

If a pronoun has two or more antecedents joined by a conjunction like or, neither . . . nor, or and, then how would be the choice of antecedents.

Back 135

However, when a pronoun has two or more antecedents joined by a conjunction like or,

neither . . . nor, or and, the choice may not be as clear.

Front 136

When two singular antecedents are joined by the conjunction and, they will require a plural or singular pronoun?

Back 136

When two singular antecedents are joined by the conjunction and, they require a plural pronoun.

Front 137

Write a example sentence in which two singular antecedent joined with conjunction and.

Back 137

Maxwell and Brandt have their first job interviews on Friday. (The phrase Maxwell and Brandt means the same as Maxwell plus Brandt. Together the antecedents are plural and require the plural pronoun their.)

Front 138

When two singular antecedents are joined by the conjunction or, neither . . . nor, or either . . . or, they will require a singular/plural pronoun.

Back 138

When two singular antecedents are joined by the conjunction or, neither . . . nor, or either . . . or, they require a singular pronoun.

Front 139

Write a example sentence in which two antecedents joined with conjunction or.

Back 139

Becky or Linda will have her interview on Friday. (In essence, this sentence is saying that either Becky will have her interview on Friday, or Linda will have her interview on Friday—but not both. Therefore, a singular pronoun is used.)

Front 140

When two plural antecedents are joined by the conjunction or, either . . . or, or neither . . . nor, they will require a plural/singular pronoun?

Back 140

When two plural antecedents are joined by the conjunction or, either . . . or, or neither . . . nor, they require a plural pronoun.

Front 141

Write a example sentence in which two plural antecedents joined with conjunction or.

Back 141

The Joneses or the Browns take their vacation during July. (Even though the antecedents are joined by the conjunction or, they’re both plural—hence, the use of the plural pronoun their.)

Front 142

when two antecedents, one singular and one plural, are joined by the conjunction or, either . . . or, or neither . . . nor. In such cases, how the pronoun should agree with the antecedent?

Back 142

A special problem occurs when two antecedents, one singular and one plural, are joined by the conjunction or, either . . . or, or neither . . . nor. In such cases, the pronoun should agree with the antecedent closer to the pronoun.

Front 143

Write example sentences in which singular and plural antecedents joined with conjunction or.

Back 143

Neither the owner nor the operators could clear their names from the charge. Neither the operators nor the owner could clear her (or his) name from the charge. (In the first sentence, the plural antecedent operators is closer to the pronoun; therefore, a plural pronoun is used. In the second sentence, the singular antecedent owner is closer to the pronoun; therefore, a singular pronoun is used.)

Front 144

Define what is collective noun?

Back 144

A collective noun is a word that’s singular in form but may be plural in meaning. For example crowd, department, nation.

Front 145

A collective noun requires a which pronoun plural or singular?

Back 145

A collective noun may require either a singular or a plural pronoun, depending on the intent of the sentence.

Front 146

Write an example sentence in which a collective noun have plural pronoun.

Back 146

The family expressed their opinions on the matter. (The collective noun family requires a plural pronoun their, because each family member expressed an individual opinion.)

Front 147

When to use singular or plural pronoun for a collective noun?

Back 147

When a group (collective noun) acts as a single unit, use a singular pronoun; when members of a

group act individually, use a plural pronoun.

Front 148

Write an example sentence in which singular pronoun is used for a collective noun.

Back 148

Each family had its own cabin on the lake. (The collective noun family requires a singular

pronoun its, because the family as a group had one cabin.)

Front 149

Why plural pronoun is used in the following sentence? "The staff worked on their projects in separate offices."

Back 149

The collective noun staff requires a plural pronoun their, because each staff member had a separate project to work on.

Front 150

Why singular pronoun is used in the following sentence. "The staff met to discuss its new project."

Back 150

The collective noun staff requires a singular pronoun its, because the staff as a group has one project.

Front 151

Write some example words for collective nouns.

Back 151

assembly, audience, board, chorus, class, club, committee, community, company, congregation, council, crowd, department, faculty, family, firm, flock, gathering, group, herd, jury, management, minority, nation, race, society, staff, strain, team, tribe, turnout, union, variety

Front 152

Which: A Special Pronoun (Definition)

Back 152

Sometimes the pronoun which is used to refer to an idea and not to a specific word.

Front 153

"Jason checked the required textbook out of the library, which the other students thought was unfair." Identify what is the antecedent of which in the preceding sentence. Is it Jason? Is it the library? Neither Jason nor the library?

Back 153

Neither Jason nor the library? Which is referring to the fact that Jason had checked out a required text book was unfair.

Front 154

What kind of care we should do in using the pronoun "which".

Back 154

When you use the pronoun which, be extra careful that you make it clear what the pronoun’s

antecedent is.

Front 155

How many types of pronoun case?

Back 155

Personal pronouns have three cases: the subjective case, the objective case, and the possessive case.

Front 156

How many jobs a pronoun can perform?

Back 156

Basically, a pronoun can have one of four jobs:

1. It can perform an action—that is, it can be the subject of a sentence. (Use the subjective case.) 2. It can be the object of a verb or an object of a preposition. (Use the objective case.)

3. It can show possession. (Use the possessive case.) 4. It can be a predicate nominative. (Use the subjective case.)

Front 157

What are the subjective, objective and possessive case of singular pronouns?

Back 157

Subjective case Objective case Possessive case

I, me my, mine

you, you, your, yours

he, she, it him, her, it, his, her, hers, it

Front 158

What are the subjective, objective and possessive case of plural pronouns?

Back 158

Subjective Case Objective Case Possessive case

We us our, ours

you you your, yours

they them their, theirs

Front 159

Write example sentences that how to use pronoun as subject.

Back 159

I arrived at noon. We completed the work on time.

Front 160

Write example sentences that how to use pronoun as object of verb?

Back 160

Charles sent me the memo. (The word me is an indirect object.) Call her when you receive

the information. (The word her is a direct object.)

Front 161

Write example sentences that how to use pronoun as object of preposition?

Back 161

Fax the price quotes to me by May 17. When Darryl was on vacation, Karen completed the project for him.

Front 162

Write example sentences in which pronoun showing possession.

Back 162

My promotion will be effective next week. The company president must approve his decision. The design they chose was ours.

Front 163

Write example sentences to show pronoun as predicate nominative.

Back 163

It was I who made the mistake. It was she who sent the message to the board.

Front 164

Is it allowed to use first person pronoun in business communications?

Back 164

Today, unless the organization you work for has a policy against it, you can use the first person in your business communications.

Front 165

Write example sentences showing direct and indirect method of communications.

Back 165

Indirect method: Your letter was received yesterday.

Direct method (first person): I received your letter yesterday.

(Notice that using the first-person pronoun I makes a sentence more direct and less wordy. In addition, it gives the sentence a more personal feeling.)

Front 166

Can you use second person pronouns you and yours in business communications?

Back 166

Although the use of first-person pronouns is acceptable today, second-person pronouns, such as you and yours, are generally the best choice if you want to engage a reader’s self-interest.

Front 167

In what kinds of business communications you can use second person pronouns?

Back 167

Sales letters, memos, emails, and reports that are intended to inform.

Front 168

What advantages you can get by using second person pronouns in business communications.

Back 168

Using second person pronouns tends to promote goodwill and a positive attitude in your reader.

Front 169

Write example sentences showing personal and impersonal style of writing.

Back 169

Impersonal: The items you ordered have been shipped.

Personal (second person): You’ll be happy to know that your order is on its way.

Impersonal: Our new inventory control system has many exciting features.

Personal (second person): Because your time is money, you’ll be pleased with the features of our new inventory control system.

Front 170

How a verb should agree with its subject?

Back 170

A verb and its subject must agree in person and number.

Front 171

What is the basic principle of subject - verb agreement?

Back 171

Singular subjects need singular verbs; plural subjects need plural verbs.

Front 172

What does it means by the terms person and number?

Back 172

1. First person indicates the person speaking (I, singular; we, plural).

2. Second person indicates the person spoken to (you, singular and plural).

3. Third person refers to the person or thing spoken of (he, she, it, singular; they, plural).

Front 173

What does it means singular or plural numbers?

Back 173

Number indicates whether it’s one or more than one person or thing. Singular number means one person or thing. Plural number means more than one.

Front 174

What is the subject - verb agreement : Number

Back 174

If the subject is singular, the verb must also be singular; if the subject is plural, the verb must be plural.

Front 175

How you can master to use the correct for of verb?

Back 175

Fortunately, listening to and regularly using the English language will serve you well in determining the correct verb form to use.

Front 176

How verbs form their plural?

Back 176

First, most verbs form their plurals opposite to the way nouns do. For example, the noun table (without an s) is singular; the noun tables (with an s) is plural. However, the verb need

(without an s) is plural; the verb needs (with an s) is singular.

Front 177

Write example sentences to show the singular and plural form of verb.

Back 177

The table needs to be repaired. (The singular noun table takes the singular verb needs.)

The tables need to be repaired. (The plural noun tables takes the plural verb need.)

Front 178

What we will learn here about subject verb agreement?

Back 178

In this section of your study unit, you’re going to examine some common subject-verb agreement problems that business writers may encounter.

Front 179

What is correct verb for the following sentence? The use of computers by businesses (increase,

increases) daily.

Back 179

The use of computers by businesses increases daily. (Subject=use, that is singular, Verb=increases that is singular)

Front 180

what is the correct verb for the following sentence? The type of books chosen for the reports (affect, affects) the outcome.

Back 180

The type of books chosen for the reports affects the outcome. (Subject is type that is singular so we will use singular verb affects)

Front 181

What is the correct verb for the following sentence? One of my cousins was married last week.

Back 181

One of my cousins was married last week. (It was marriage of a cousin not cousins that's why was is used and that is correct)

Front 182

What is the correct verb for the following sentence? Our neighbors, together with their cousin, are buying a house.

Back 182

Are buying agrees with the plural subject neighbors. Although the cousin is also in on the purchase, cousin acts as the object of the preposition with, not as the subject.

Front 183

What is the correct verb for the following sentence? Their cousin, along with their neighbors, is buying a house.

Back 183

Their cousin, along with their neighbors, is buying a house. There is already a correct verb in this sentence. Is buying agrees with the singular subject cousin.

Front 184

What is correct verb for the following sentence? In the Production Department (work, works) many fine employees.

Back 184

In the Production Department work many fine employees. (In this sentence subject is employees that is plural so we will use plural verb that is work)

Front 185

What is the correct verb for the following sentence? Electronics is a field that has grown by leapsand bounds.

Back 185

Electronics is a field that has grown by leaps and bounds. (Electronics is a collective noun that is singular that's why we are using verb is. which is correct)

Front 186

What is the correct verb for the following sentence? Mathematics is the subject that gives me the most difficulty.

Back 186

Mathematics is the subject that gives me the most difficulty. (Mathematics is a collective noun which is singular so the verb is correct)

Front 187

What is the correct verb for the following sentence? Eight hours is no longer the maximum workday in our company.

Back 187

Eight hours is no longer the maximum workday in our company. (Although a measurement

generally appears plural in form, it expresses a single amount of something. Words used in this way take singular verbs)

Front 188

What is the correct verb for the following sentence? Twelve inches is the standard length of a ruler.

Back 188

Twelve inches is the standard length of a ruler. (Although a measurement generally appears plural in form, it expresses a single amount of something. Words used in this way take singular
verbs)

Front 189

What kind of verb takes the units of measurement?

Back 189

Although units of measurement are usually in plural form, they take singular verbs.

Front 190

What will be the verb (singular or plural) for a countable and uncountable noun?

Back 190

If the noun is a word that represents individual things you can count, use the plural form of the verb. If an indefinite pronoun refers to a noun that represents something you can’t count, use a singular verb.

Front 191

What is correct verb for the following sentence? All of the machines are under repair.

Back 191

All of the machines are under repair. (Since you can count the individual machines, use a plural verb.)

Front 192

What is the correct verb for the following sentence? Some of the circuits were replaced.

Back 192

Some of the circuits were replaced. (Since you can count the circuits, use a plural verb.)

Front 193

What is the correct verb for the following sentence? All of the machinery is under repair.

Back 193

All of the machinery is under repair. (Machinery in this sentence refers to uncountable noun, that's why verb is used which is correct)

Front 194

What is the correct verb for the following sentence? Some of the circuitry was replaced.

Back 194

Some of the circuitry was replaced. (Circuitry in this sentence is an uncountable noun that's why the verb was is used and that is correct)

Front 195

If a group of words in a sentence introduced by the pronoun who or that then how verb will be used?

Back 195

In such cases, you should make the verb agree with the word to which the pronoun refers.If the group of words is singular you should use verb singular but if the group of words is plural you should use the verb plural.

Front 196

Is there correct verb is used in the following sentence? Mr. Donner is a partner who makes his presence known.

Back 196

Mr. Donner is a partner who makes his presence known. (The word who refers to the word partner, which is singular. Therefore, the verb makes is used that is also singular)

Front 197

Is there correct verb is used in the following sentence? James and Carla are the partners who make their presence known.

Back 197

James and Carla are the partners who make their presence known. (The word who refers to the word partners, which is plural. Therefore, the verb make is used that is plural)

Front 198

Is there correct verb is used in the following sentence? The books that are on the table belong in the conference room.

Back 198

The books that are on the table belong in the conference room. (The word that refers to the word books, which is plural. Therefore, the verb belong is used that is also a plural)

Front 199

which verb—is or are—is correct in this sentence? Neither Margaret nor her manager is/are going.

Back 199

The singular verb is should be used because neither is singular (think neither one). The subject is compound in this sentence.

Front 200

which verb—is or are—is correct in this sentence? Either Kelly or Jack is going to help you.

Back 200

Using either/or indicates one, but not both; therefore, the verb must be in the singular form. (The subject in this sentence is compound)

Front 201

What is correct verb for the following sentence? The Operations Committee is/are discussing the new software.

Back 201

The Operations Committee is discussing the new software. (Subject committee is singular so the correct verb will be "is")

Front 202

What is the correct verb for the following sentence? From this old elm fall/falls many leaves.

Back 202

From this old elm fall many leaves. (Subject is leaves which is plural so the plural verb "fall" will be used)

Front 203

What is the correct verb for the following sentence? One of my five colleagues has/have arrived.

Back 203

One of my five colleagues has arrived. (One is a singular subject so the singular verb "has" will be used)

Front 204

If the parts of a compound subject are joined by "and", they referring different things or idea then what kind of verb, plural/singular they will take?

Back 204

When the parts of a compound subject are joined by and, they take a plural verb if they refer to different people, ideas, or things.

Front 205

What is the correct verb for the following sentences? John and Henry is/are close friends.

You and I was/were present.

Back 205

John and Henry are close friends. You and I were present. (John and Henry, You and I are plural so the verb will also be plural)

Front 206

If the parts of a compound subject are joined by "and", they denotes a single concept, person or thing then what kind of verb, plural/singular they will take?

Back 206

When such subject parts denote a single concept, person, or thing, they require a singular verb.

Front 207

What is correct verb for the following sentence and why? “Our secretary and our treasurer is/are on vacation,”

Back 207

“Our secretary and our treasurer are on vacation,” we’re speaking of two different persons. A plural verb is required.

Front 208

What is the correct verb for the following sentence? If we say, “Our secretary and treasurer is/are an able executive”

Back 208

If we say, “Our secretary and treasurer is an able executive” (meaning only one person), a singular verb is used.

Front 209

What is the correct verb for the following sentence and why? Bread and butter has/have gone up in price.

Back 209

Bread and butter have gone up in price. (We’re talking about two different items.)

Front 210

What is the correct verb for the following sentence and why? Bread and butter taste/tastes good.

Back 210

Bread and butter tastes good. (We’re talking about bread and butter as one dish of food. Other examples could be spaghetti and meatballs, and ham and eggs.)

Front 211

If an article (such as a, an, or the) or a possessive adjective (such as my, our, or your) precede the first part of a compound subject (joined by and) then will it repeat before the second part.

Back 211

In this case, the modifier should be repeated before the second part unless the meaning is already clear. “My secretary and bookkeeper” would mean only one person.“My secretary and my bookkeeper” makes it more clear that the sentence refers to two people.

Front 212

If you're deciding about subject-verb agreement for the nouns those are introduced by each, every, no, or many a, then how verb should agree in number?

Back 212

When these modifiers come before nouns, even if several such nouns are joined by and, the nouns are singular.

Front 213

What is the correct verb for the following sentence? Every man, every woman, and every child was/were on the alert.

Back 213

Every man, every woman, and every child was on the alert. (In this example, the individual items that make up the subject of the sentence are considered separate, singular components, even though they’re joined by and.)

Front 214

What is the correct verb for the following sentence? Many a play and many a novel has/have been set in Paris.

Back 214

Many a play and many a novel has been set in Paris. (In this example, the individual items that make up the subject of the sentence are considered separate, singular components, even though they’re joined by and.)

Front 215

If compound subjects are joined by or and other similar words and both parts of the subject are singular then how verb should agree with subject in number?

Back 215

If both parts of the subject are singular, use a singular verb. example sentences: Neither oil nor gas was available John or Helen is going.

Front 216

If compound subjects are joined by or and other similar words and both parts of the subject are plural then how verb should agree with subject in number?

Back 216

If both parts of the subject are plural, use a plural verb. For example. Either books or flowers are acceptable.

Front 217

If compound subjects are joined by or and other similar words and one part of the subject is singular and other is plural then how verb should agree with subject in number?

Back 217

If one part of the subject is singular and the other is plural, the verb should agree with the one nearer the verb. Examples: Not only John but also his assistants were late. (Assistants, which is plural, is nearer to the verb than John.) Not only the assistants but also John was late. (Now it’s

the singular noun John that’s nearer to the verb.)

Front 218

What are the characteristics of collective noun?

Back 218

A collective noun is the name of a collection or group of persons, places, or things. Army, class, club, committee, family, flock, jury, navy, and tribe are examples of collective nouns.

Front 219

What type of verb (singular/plural) a collective noun takes?

Back 219

A collective noun may take either a singular or a plural verb. Whether it’s singular or plural depends on how the word is used.

Front 220

How a singular or plural form of verb will be considered for a collective noun?

Back 220

If the members of the (collective noun) group are considered as one unit, then the verb is singular. If they’re thought of as separate individuals, the verb is plural.

Front 221

Example sentence in which singular verb is used for a collective noun?

Back 221

“The committee has completed (singular) its investigation,” because the members of the committee have acted as a whole.

Front 222

Example sentence in which plural verb is used for a collective sentence?

Back 222

“The committee are divided (plural) in their opinions,” because the members of the committee are acting individually.

Front 223

if you are going to make subject and verb agree in a sentence the what should be yours first step.

Back 223

Identify the simple subject and the simple predicate. Don’t include other words, such as articles or adjectives, with the simple subject. Also, don’t include other words, such as adverbs, with the simple predicate. Make it simple!

Front 224

Do you know the location of subject in a sentence?

Back 224

A subject is usually at the beginning of a sentence, but it may also be in the middle or at the end.

Front 225

Define what is prepositional phrase?

Back 225

A prepositional phrase is phrase that starts with a preposition and ends with noun (or a pronoun). For example: From Paris (From is preposition and Paris is noun)

Front 226

Does subject exists in prepositional phrase?

Back 226

The subject of a verb is never in a prepositional phrase. For example

1. from what he said
2. from sleeping

Front 227

1- Here is your coat. 2- There are ten letters to answer. Are here and there subjects in these sentences?

Back 227

Here is your coat. (Think, Your coat is here. Coat is the subject not here.)

There are ten letters to answer. (Think, Ten letters are there to answer. Letters is the subject not there.)

Front 228

Shut the door. Is this sentence has any subject?

Back 228

The subject is missing in this sentence. (Shut is the simple predicate. Who or

what is told to shut the door? The answer/ subject of the sentence is you, even though you isn’t explicitly stated in the sentence.)

Front 229

How many subjects are in the following sentence? John and Carl played golf.

Back 229

Two subjects. John, Carl

Front 230

Identify there are how many verbs in the following sentence. Carl played golf and took a sauna.

Back 230

There are two verbs played and took

Front 231

Identify subjects and verbs in the following sentence. John and Carl played golf and took a sauna.

Back 231

Two subjects John and Carl. Two verbs played and took.

Front 232

Active voice shows what?

Back 232

Active voice shows who is doing something?

Front 233

The active voice has what impact on the sentence?

Back 233

The active voice often makes a sentence strong.

Front 234

Passive voice shows what?

Back 234

Passive voice shows that who is being acted.

Front 235

The passive voice has what impact on the sentence?

Back 235

The passive voice makes a sentence weak.

Front 236

A sentence in the active voice how can influence the reader?

Back 236

A sentence cast in the active voice usually makes the reader sit up and take notice. On the other

hand, the passive voice tends to make sentences seem rather colorless.

Front 237

How passive voice makes sentences colorless?

Back 237

One reason for this is that the passive voice is formed with some form of the verb to be (is, was, are, etc.). These words are so common in our language that they mean little to a reader.

Front 238

Using passive voice too often how impact our writing?

Back 238

By using the passive voice too often, we make our writing listless and dull.

Front 239

How we can make our writing interesting?

Back 239

We can make it interesting by using live, kicking verbs.

Front 240

When we should use passive voice in our writing?

Back 240

You should use it whenever you want to draw the reader’s attention to the person who suffers or gets something.It’s natural to write Mrs. Miller was killed in an accident. Billie was showered with birthday presents.

Front 241

Why we should use active voice in our writing?

Back 241

To save words and make your writing more lively, use the active voice.

Front 242

What is the definition of direct object?

Back 242

in grammar, the person or thing that is affected by the action of a transitive verb, for example 'Mary' in the statement 'I saw Mary'

Front 243

Identify complete subject and direct object in the following sentence."The archer hits the target."

Back 243

The archer is the complete subject and the noun target is the simple direct object of the verb hits.

Front 244

Identify complete subject and direct object in the following sentence. "The treasurer compiled a long statistical report"

Back 244

The treasurer is the complete subject. The remainder of the sentence, compiled a long statistical report, is the complete predicate. We see that the verb is compiled; so we ask, “Compiled what?” Our answer, a long statistical report, is the complete direct object. The simple object is report, and the words a, long, and statistical are its modifiers.

Front 245

Identify complete subject and direct object in the following sentence. "Carol opened the door."

Back 245

Carol is the complete subject. The remainder of the sentence, opened the door, must be the complete predicate. Opened is the verb. Ask, “Opened what?” The answer, the door, is the

complete direct object of the verb.

Front 246

Identify complete subject and direct object in the following sentence. "Yesterday I attended an inspiring concert."

Back 246

The complete subject is I. Yesterday answers the question “When?” and is, therefore, an adverb, modifying the verb attended. The complete predicate is attended an inspiring concert yesterday. The verb is attended. Ask, “Attended what?” The answer, an inspiring concert, is the complete direct object.

Front 247

Identify complete subject and direct object in the following sentence. "We found our missing key under the loose board."

Back 247

The subject is we, and the complete predicate is found our missing key under the loose board. Since the verb is found, we ask, “Found what?” The answer, our missing key, is the

complete direct object.

Front 248

What is the definition of Indirect Objects?

Back 248

An indirect object is the person or thing to or for whom the action of the verb is done.

Front 249

Find direct and indirect objects in the following sentence."Richard bought Elizabeth a new car."

Back 249

What did Richard buy? A new car. Car is the direct object. For whom did Richard buy the car? For Elizabeth. Elizabeth is the indirect object.

Front 250

What will be the structure of a sentence having both direct and indirect objects.

Back 250

The indirect object stands just after the verb and before the direct object. That's the usual structure of a sentence that has both an indirect and a direct object.

Front 251

Which kind of pronouns can be used as indirect object?

Back 251

Pronouns ending in self (singular) and selves (plural) can be used as indirect objects.

Front 252

Identify the direct and indirect objects in the following sentence."Anna bought herself a new briefcase."

Back 252

Bought what? Briefcase, which is the direct object because it tells us what Anna bought. For whom did Anna buy the briefcase? For herself. The indirect object is herself.

Front 253

What is the definition of subject complement?

Back 253

A linking verb requires a word after it to complete it. A word that completes a linking verb is called a subject complement. It's called a subject complement because it describes or defines the subject.

Front 254

Write some examples words, use as linking verbs.

Back 254

The verbs look, felt, appear, and seem are often linking verbs.

Front 255

what is the definition of predicate adjective?

Back 255

When an adjective is the subject complement, it's called a predicate adjective. A predicate adjective completes the predicate and modifies the subject.

Front 256

Identify predicate adjective and subject complement in the following sentence. "The weather was cold."

Back 256

The adjective cold completes the linking verb was and describes the subject weather. So cold is a predicate adjective. It serves as the subject complement

Front 257

Identify predicate adjective and subject complement in the following sentence."The aisle was too narrow."

Back 257

The subject complement is the predicate adjective narrow. It completes the verb was and describes the subject aisle.

Front 258

Identify the subject complement in the following sentence. "That man will be my boss."

Back 258

The noun boss completes the verb will be. It defines the subject man. Boss and man are the same person. Man is the subject, and boss is the subject complement.

Front 259

Identify the subject complement in the following sentence. "It is he."

Back 259

Notice that it is a subject pronoun. He is the subject complement.

Front 260

Define what is object complement?

Back 260

An object complement is a noun, a pronoun, or an adjective which follows a direct object to rename it or state what it has become.

Front 261

What will be the structure of a sentence have the object complement?

Back 261

The object complement follows the direct object, so the sentence generally follows a pattern of subject, verb, direct object, object complement.

Front 262

Write three example sentences have object complement.

Back 262

Carl named his daughter Carla. Joshua considered Steve a friend. Puppies make children happy.

Front 263

Clarity in an expression depends upon what?

Back 263

Clarity depends on the logical relationship of sentence parts.

Front 264

How to avoid vagueness in a sentence?

Back 264

Related words or groups of words should usually be near each other to avoid vagueness or misstatement.

Front 265

What are the modifiers?

Back 265

Words that extend, restrict, or sharpen the meanings of other words are modifiers. These are also known as adjectives and adverbs.

Front 266

What are the functions of prepositions and conjunctions in a sentence?

Back 266

Prepositions and conjunctions, which often introduce phrases or clauses that modify or add meaning to sentences.

Front 267

How important is the position of a modifying word in a sentence?

Back 267

Position of a modifier in a sentence can change its thought completely so we have to place modifiers properly.

Front 268

Write example sentence showing change in thought by changing the placement of modifiers.

Back 268

1. Only I ordered roses for Helen. 2. I ordered only roses for Helen. 3. I ordered roses for Helen only.

Front 269

Define the thought in following three sentences. 1. Only I ordered roses for Helen. 2. I ordered only roses for Helen. 3. I ordered roses for Helen only.

Back 269

In the first sentence, only is used as an adjective to modify the pronoun I. The statement means that no one else—only I— ordered roses for Helen. In the next sentence, only is an adjective modifying the noun roses. This sentence means that I didn't order anything except roses. In the last sentence, only again is an adjective. This time it modifies the noun Helen. The statement means that I didn’t buy roses for anyone except Helen.

Front 270

Define how the change in position of the word scarcely changes the emphasis in the following sentences?. We had scarcely driven a mile before we were stopped. We had driven scarcely a mile before we were stopped.

Back 270

We had scarcely driven a mile before we were stopped. (Emphasis on act of driving) We had driven scarcely a mile before we were stopped. (Emphasis on distance driven)

Front 271

Define how the change in position of the word only changes the emphasis in the following sentences? The wrestler only made one mistake. The wrestler made only one mistake.

Back 271

The wrestler only made one mistake. (Emphasis on making) The wrestler made only one mistake. (Emphasis on the number of mistakes)

Front 272

Define how the change in position of the word almost changes the emphasis in the following sentences? I have almost run ten miles since I began to run each day. I have run almost ten miles since I began to run each day.

Back 272

I have almost run ten miles since I began to run each day. (Emphasis on running) I have run almost ten miles since I began to run each day. (Emphasis on number of miles)

Front 273

Define how the change in position of the word merely changes the emphasis in the following sentences? She merely came to attend her family reunion. She came merely to attend her family reunion.

Back 273

She merely came to attend her family reunion. (Emphasis on coming) She came merely to attend her family reunion. (Emphasis on attending)

Front 274

Define what are adjectives and adverbs?

Back 274

An adjective, you remember, is a word that tells us something about a noun or pronoun. An adverb often modifies a verb. It can tell us how, when, or where something was done.

Front 275

How we use adjectives and adverbs to modify verbs?

Back 275

Unless they indicate action, the verbs must be followed by adjectives. When they show action, they may be modified by adverbs.

Front 276

Identify what is used in the following sentences adjective or adverb? Jerry looks happy. Your voice sounds harsh. This cream smells sour. I feel confident. The speaker appears confused. The corn grows tall in Iowa. The typist proved incompetent.

Back 276

In the examples, the words happy, harsh, sour, confident, confused, tall, and incompetent describe the subjects of their sentences. Since these words modify nouns or pronouns, they must be adjectives. (happy Jerry, harsh voice, sour cream, confident I, confused speaker, tall corn, incompetent typist)

Front 277

Identify what is used as modifier in the following sentence adjective or adverb? Jerry looks quickly in the opposite direction.

Back 277

Jerry looks quickly in the opposite direction. (Looks how?) In this sentence quickly modifies the verb looks so it is adjective.

Front 278

Identify what is used as modifier in the following sentence adjective or adverb? The alarm sounds continuously during a storm.

Back 278

The alarm sounds continuously during a storm. (Sounds how?) In this sentence continuously modifies the verb sounds so it is adverb.

Front 279

Identify what is used as modifier in the following sentence adjective or adverb? Carolyn smells the exotic perfume delightedly.

Back 279

Carolyn smells the exotic perfume delightedly. (Smells how?) In this sentence delightedly modifies the verb smells so it is adverb.

Front 280

Identify what is used as modifier in the following sentence adjective or adverb? He tastes the food cautiously.

Back 280

He tastes the food cautiously. (Tastes how?) In this sentence word cautiously modifies the verb tastes so it is adverb.

Front 281

Identify what is used as modifier in the following sentence adjective or adverb? I feel the horse’s knee gently.

Back 281

I feel the horse’s knee gently. (Feel how?) In this sentence word gently modifies the verb feel so it is adverb.

Front 282

Identify what is used as modifier in the following sentence adjective or adverb? Dr. Hall’s article appears today in a medical magazine.

Back 282

Dr. Hall’s article appears today in a medical magazine. (Appears when?) In this sentence word today modifies the verb appears so it is adverb.

Front 283

Identify what is used as modifier in the following sentence adjective or adverb? Corn never grows here.

Back 283

Corn never grows here. (Grows where?) In this sentence word here modifies the verb grows so it is adverb.

Front 284

Identify what is used as modifier in the following sentence adjective or adverb? Ann proves her ability easily.

Back 284

Ann proves her ability easily. (Proves how?) In this sentence word easily modifies the verb proves so it is adverb.

Front 285

Identify what is used as modifier in the following sentence adjective or adverb? His telephone rings constantly.

Back 285

His telephone rings constantly. (Rings how?) In this sentence word constantly modifies the verb rings so it is adverb.

Front 286

Identify what is used as modifier in the following sentence adjective or adverb? The house stands precariously on the hilltop.

Back 286

The house stands precariously on the hilltop. (Stands how?) In this sentence word precariously modifies the verb stands so it is adverb.

Front 287

An adverb tells us what about the action verb?

Back 287

It answers the following questions about the action. How? When? Where? Why? Under what condition?

Front 288

How to use bad or badly in a sentence?

Back 288

Use the adjective bad unless there’s an action verb. Use the adverb badly only when the verb clearly denotes action

Front 289

Write example sentences with no action verb and word bad is used as adjective.

Back 289

I feel very bad about it. Green looks bad on me. The news sounds bad. This bacon tastes bad.

The fertilizer smells bad.

Front 290

Write example sentences containing action verb and word badly is used as adverb.

Back 290

Lawrence dances badly. The author writes badly. Lee behaved badly. He performed badly.

The actress sang badly.

Front 291

Can we use badly in replacement of very much?

Back 291

The use of badly for very much isn't good English. Instead of “I want a job badly,” say “I want a job very much.” Instead of “We badly need some help,” say “We very much need some help.”

Front 292

How to use good in a sentence?

Back 292

Good is never an adverb. As an adjective, it must modify either a noun, a pronoun, or a part of speech used as a noun.

Front 293

Define the role of the word good in the following sentence. “This is good jam,”

Back 293

In the sentence “This is good jam,” good modifies the noun jam.

Front 294

Define the role of the word good in the following sentence. “This jam tastes good,”

Back 294

In “This jam tastes good,” we have the linking verb tastes. Therefore, good in this case is a predicate adjective modifying jam.

Front 295

What is the role of the word good in the following sentence?

Back 295

In that sentence, good modifies the present participle singing.

Front 296

When to say "I feel good" and "I feel well" ?

Back 296

If the speaker means that he or she feels noble, pious, or well behaved, the correct expression is “I feel good”? But if the speaker means to indicate good health, the correct expression is “I feel well.”

Front 297

Since well may be either an adjective or an adverb, How we can avoid using it incorrectly?

Back 297

• Well is an adjective when it’s used to refer to one’s physical state, as in “I feel well.”

• In the sense of good, advantageous, satisfactory, suitable, or proper, the adjective well is used only in the predicate, as in “All is well.”

Front 298

Define well?

Back 298

Well is mostly used as adverb but it also used as verb, noun and adjective. As an adverb, well modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, as shown in the following sentences:

The pen prints well. (Modifies the verb prints), I am well aware of the situation. (Modifies the

adjective aware), The ship was well away from shore. (Modifies the adverb away).

Front 299

What are comparative and superlative adjective?

Back 299

A comparative adjective is used to compare two things. A superlative adjective is used when you compare three or more things. For example, looking at apples you can compare their size, determining which is big, which is bigger, and which is biggest. The comparative ending (suffix) for short, common adjectives is generally "-er"; the superlative suffix is generally "-est." For most longer adjectives, the comparative is made by adding the word "more" (for example, more comfortable) and the superlative is made by adding the word "most" (for example, most comfortable)

Front 300

When to use/don't use the comparative form of adjective?

Back 300

When talking about only two things, we should use the comparative form. Not to use when talking about more than two things. Correct sentence: She is the taller of the twins. Incorrect sentence: She is the tallest of the twins.

Front 301

Can we say “She is the taller of the two twins,”?

Back 301

No you can not. Twins wouldn't be twins if there weren't two of them.

Front 302

Is it correct to use double comparisons?

Back 302

Similarly, it’s incorrect to use double comparisons. Never use more with the comparative form of an adjective that ends in -er, nor most with the superlative form that ends in -est.

Front 303

Is this sentence is correct? "Joe grows more lazier every day."

Back 303

No the correct sentence is "Joe grows lazier every day."

Front 304

Is this sentence is correct? "The most simplest way is usually best."

Back 304

No it is not correct. Correct sentence is "The simplest way is usually best."

Front 305

What's wrong with following sentence? "Mary is more talented than any member of her family."

Back 305

Mary is a member of her family. So the sentence implies (suggests without coming out and saying it) that Mary is more talented than herself! Here’s how to express the idea properly:

Mary is more talented than any other member of her family.

Front 306

What is preposition?

Back 306

A word that is used before a noun, pronoun, or gerund to show place, time, direction etc. In the phrase "the trees in the park", "in" is preposition.

Front 307

How to use the preposition "among" correctly?

Back 307

Among is used when more than two persons or things are mentioned. 1- Pleasant relations exist among the members of that organization. 2- A detective walked among the onlookers at the parade.

Front 308

How to use the preposition "aside from" correctly?

Back 308

The phrasal preposition aside from means “with the exception of,” “except for,” or “apart from.”

1- Aside from that mistake, your letter is well written.2- The box contained little of interest aside from the toys and books.

Front 309

How to use the preposition "at" correctly?

Back 309

At indicates position or direction toward. At is also used to indicate state or condition of, as “We are at peace.” 1- Tired and hungry, we arrived at our destination on time. 2- Meet me at the fountain in the park.

Front 310

How to use the preposition "behind" correctly?

Back 310

Behind means “after” in time, state, or place. It also means “backing” or “supporting.” The word behind is preferred to in back of. 1- His father is behind him in the new business venture. 2- There’s some unknown purpose behind this action.

Front 311

What is the difference between beside and besides?

Back 311

Beside means “by the side of.” It’s sometimes confused with besides, which means “in addition to.”

Front 312

How we can use the preposition "beside" correctly?

Back 312

1- Bill always sits beside his father in church. 2- For several hours we sat beside the quiet little stream.

Front 313

How to use the preposition "besides" correctly?

Back 313

1- I have nothing to say besides what I said in my report. 2- Two boys besides Evan were invited to the party.

Front 314

How to use the preposition "besides" correctly?

Back 314

Between is the right preposition to use when you speak of exactly two persons, places, or things.

1- Pleasant relations exist between the president and the vice president. 2- A detective stood between the two customers.

Front 315

How to use the preposition "by" correctly?

Back 315

By means, among other things, “near” and “through the agency of.” Use by when you wish to emphasize the doer or agent. Also, use by after follow when you tell what follows.1-The house stood by the side of the road.2-The portrait was painted by John Singer Sargent. 3-The politician was followed to party headquarters by his supporters.

Front 316

How to use the preposition differ "correctly".

Back 316

Differ with means to disagree with another in idea or opinion. To differ from means to be unlike, or distinct from, some other person or thing. 1- One of the teachers differed with the others about the child’s ability. 2- The two dogs differ from each other in size and breed. 3- The athlete differed with the umpire. 4- This dress differs from the others in quality. 5- These shoes are different from yours.

Front 317

How to use the preposition "from" correctly?

Back 317

From by itself means out of, as a starting point or place, an origin, or a cause. One parts from a person. One suffers from an illness.1-The motel is eight miles from here.2-He parted from his parents reluctantly.3-His sister graduated from high school.4-The flight will depart from Gate 101.

Front 318

How to use the preposition "In" correctly?

Back 318

In means inside the bounds of a certain place, time, material, class, or group. It indicates inclusion within a whole. In is often used before the names of countries, cities, and other

geographical areas. 1- We arrived in New York at seven o’clock. 2- The singer was dressed in purple velvet. 3- We were in the park when the accident occurred.4-We had to stand in line for an hour to get a ticket to the concert.

Front 319

How to use the preposition "into" correctly?

Back 319

Into, meaning “from outside to within,” is used with verbs of motion or change. Bill ran into the house to give his family the good news. 1- Will you look into this matter? 2- Speak into the microphone, please. 3- The child got into the car when his mother did.

Front 320

How to use the preposition "than" correctly?

Back 320

In comparisons, use than after other and rather. Don’t confuse then for than. 1- He has no book on botany other than this one. 2- Do it now rather than keep them waiting.

Front 321

How to use the preposition " to " correctly?

Back 321

To expresses the basic relation of “direction toward” and “arrival at.” Other meanings of to start from this basic meaning. 1- Bill agreed to the plan you suggested. 2- I gave my notes to the boss.

3- We hurried to the parking lot after work.

Front 322

How to use the word "to" to form infinitives?

Back 322

The word to is also used to form infinitives. An infinitive is the form of the verb usually preceded by to. An infinitive may be used as a noun, adjective, or adverb. 1- My strongest desire is to succeed. (To succeed is a noun that’s used as a predicate nominative.) 2- He has fifty dollars to spend. (To spend is an adjective that modifies the noun dollars.) 3- They were eager to get started. (To get started is an adverb that modifies the adjective eager.)

Front 323

How to identify to for preposition and to for infinitive?

Back 323

It’s easy to tell when to is a preposition, because it’s followed by a noun or pronoun, which is the object of that preposition. The to of an infinitive is followed by a verb.

Front 324

How to use preposition "with" correctly?

Back 324

With shows nearness or association. With can also show the means by which something is done. In speaking of persons, we say that one differs with, one agrees with, one is angry with, one speaks with, and one talks with. With reference to things, we say that one parts with. 1- We all agree with the speaker. 2- May I talk with you before we go to the meeting? 3- The candidate was greeted with enthusiasm. 4- He can’t bear to part with his pickup truck.

Front 325

Brief the unnecessary use of prepositions.

Back 325

It’s also important to avoid using a preposition when you don’t need one.1- Incorrect: Where is my book at? Correct: Where is my book? 2- Incorrect: I’m glad the term is over with. Correct: I’m glad the term is over.3- Incorrect: Where are you going to? Correct: Where are you going?

Front 326

What are the conjunctions?

Back 326

Conjunctions are linking words that are used to connect words or groups of words in a sentence. They may join single words, phrases, or clauses. Conjunctions must be carefully selected, for they show logical relationships of ideas.

Front 327

There are how many types of conjunctions?

Back 327

Coordinating Conjunctions, Correlative Conjunctions, Subordinating Conjunctions

Front 328

Define coordinating conjunctions?

Back 328

Coordinating conjunctions connect equal grammatical constructions. That is, the units joined are equally important. Words that are commonly used as coordinating conjunctions are and, but, or, nor, for, yet, and so. They join equal or similar grammatical elements.

Front 329

Write an example sentence has the coordinating conjunction "and".

Back 329

Accuracy and neatness are important in most work. (Nouns are connected in this sentence)

Front 330

Write an example sentence has coordinating conjunction "or".

Back 330

The prize will go to either him or me. (Pronouns are connected in this sentence)

Front 331

Write an example sentence has coordinating conjunction "yet".

Back 331

Joe is tall yet overweight. (Adjectives are connected in this sentence)

Front 332

Write an example sentence has the coordinating conjunction "but".

Back 332

Slowly but surely, he climbed to the top of the tree. (Adverbs)

Front 333

Write an example sentence has the coordinating conjunction "and"

Back 333

The train passed over the bridge and through the tunnel. (Prepositional phrases are connected in this sentence)

Front 334

Write and example sentence has the coordinating conjunction "so"

Back 334

The sun is shining, so we’ll go for a walk. (Main clauses are connected in this sentence)

Front 335

Define what is correlative conjunction?

Back 335

Sometimes a coordinate conjunction is used with another word to form a pair. These pairs of words are called correlative conjunctions. The first one introduces the pair of units to be connected and the second connects them.

Front 336

Write example sentences have "both/and" as correlative conjunctions.

Back 336

1- Both my husband and I will contribute. 2- The admission price for the festival included both food and entertainment.

Front 337

Write example sentences have "either/or" correlative conjunctions.

Back 337

1- Either we can leave early in the morning or we can take a plane at noon. 2- You may either come with us or go alone.

Front 338

Write example sentences have "neither/nor" correlative conjunctions.

Back 338

1- Neither the first plan nor the second is practicable. 2- I voted for neither the liberals nor the conservatives.

Front 339

Write example sentence have "whether/or" correlative conjunctions.

Back 339

1- Whether you like it or not, Tom must go. 2- I am not sure whether we will return or not.

Front 340

Write example sentences have "Not only/but also" correlative conjunctions.

Back 340

1- Not only did they tow my car, but also they drove me home. 2- Joe ate not only the pizza but also the hamburgers.

Front 341

Write example sentences have "Not only/but also" correlative conjunctions.

Back 341

1- Not only did they tow my car, but also they drove me home. 2- Joe ate not only the pizza but also the hamburgers.

Front 342

How position of correlative conjunctions required special attention in a sentence?

Back 342

The positions of correlative conjunctions in a sentence require special attention. Correlative conjunctions must be followed by equal sentence elements. That is, if a predicate follows the first conjunction, another predicate must follow the second, as in “He neither came nor telephoned.” You can’t say “He neither came nor she,” because she is a pronoun and therefore doesn't coordinate equally with the verb came.

Front 343

How modifiers should follow the correlative conjunctions?

Back 343

If a modifier follows the first conjunction, another modifier must follow the second, as in “She was not only surprised, but also indignant.” You can’t say “She was not only surprised, but also pretended not to be” because surprised is an adjective in this sentence, while pretended is a verb.

Front 344

What are the Subordinating Conjunctions?

Back 344

Subordinating conjunctions join dependent clauses to main clauses. The sentence elements joined are of unequal rank. Some subordinating conjunctions are such, as if, since, because, as, while, so that, although, unless, and provided.

Front 345

Write example sentences have "as, as if" subordinating conjunctions.

Back 345

1- He acts as if (not “like”) he has a cold. 2- Do as (not “like”) I do. 3- As I said, it’s going to rain this afternoon.

Front 346

How the word "like" is used in English?

Back 346

In popular speech, the use of like in clauses of comparison has increased. 1- Incorrect: Like I said, it’s going to rain this afternoon. 2- Correct: As I said, it’s going to rain this afternoon. In standard English, like is used as a preposition, not a conjunction. A verb isn’t used following the preposition like.

Front 347

Write example sentences have "unless" subordinating conjunction.

Back 347

We’ll begin work on the new house this afternoon, unless it rains.The preposition except or the preposition without shouldn't be used when the conjunction unless is required. You can’t go unless John calls for you. (Not “except”) I won’t stay unless you stay also. (Not “without”)

Front 348

Write example sentences have "provided" subordinating conjunction.

Back 348

The conjunction provided means “on condition.” Often, however, the word providing is used where the correct word should be the conjunction provided. Provided may be followed by that.

1- He will be transferred, provided he finishes his present work satisfactorily.

2- You may have the loan, provided that you can offer collateral.

Front 349

Write example sentences have "provided" subordinating conjunction.

Back 349

The conjunction provided means “on condition.” Often, however, the word providing is used where the correct word should be the conjunction provided. Provided may be followed by that.

1- He will be transferred, provided he finishes his present work satisfactorily.

2- You may have the loan, provided that you can offer collateral.

Front 350

What we've learned till now in this study unit "Using the parts of speech".

Back 350

So far, we've looked at how to use the parts of speech to build sentences and how to make writing stronger by using the active voice and effective modifiers.

Front 351

Section of book "Common Grammatical Problems" deals with what?

Back 351

While choosing words is partly a matter of preference and judgment, when it comes to correct or incorrect grammar, there’s generally only one choice. This section on grammatical problems will help you review what you've learned and recognize common errors so you can use words correctly.

Front 352

Recall what is Subject-Verb Agreement?

Back 352

Subject-verb agreement means, as you recall, that a singular subject must have a singular verb, and a plural subject must have a plural verb. When the subject is a pronoun, the verb must agree with its number (i.e., singular or plural).

Front 353

What is singular subject?

Back 353

A singular subject denotes one person, thing, or instance. The singular pronouns are I, you, he, she, and it.

Front 354

What is plural subject?

Back 354

A plural subject denotes more than one person, thing, or instance. The plural pronouns are we, you, and they.

Front 355

Identify subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. "One form is sufficient."

Back 355

One form is sufficient. (Subject form and verb is are both singular.)

Front 356

Identify subject-verb agreement in the following sentence."Three choices are allowed."

Back 356

Three choices are allowed. (Subject Choices and verb areare both plural.)

Front 357

Is every noun that ends in "s" is plural?

Back 357

First, not every noun that ends in “s” is plural. Words like mathematics, news, and gymnastics are considered singular.

Front 358

Identify subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. "Mathematics was his favorite school subject."

Back 358

Mathematics was his favorite school subject. (The subject "mathematics" and verb "was" both are singular)

Front 359

Identify subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. " The news is very depressing tonight."

Back 359

The news is very depressing tonight. (The subject "news" and verb "is" both are singular.)

Front 360

Identify subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. "Gymnastics is fascinating to watch."

Back 360

Gymnastics is fascinating to watch. (The subject "gymnastics" and verb "is" both are singular)

Front 361

Are units of time, money, and distance, singular or plural nouns?

Back 361

Units of time, money, and distance are singular nouns and they also take a singular verb.

Front 362

Identify subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. " Twelve inches is a foot."

Back 362

Twelve inches is a foot. (The subject "inches" and verb "is" both are singular)

Front 363

Identify subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. "Seven days is a week."

Back 363

Seven days is a week. ( Subject "days" and verb "is" both are singular)

Front 364

Identify subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. "Eighteen miles is a long distance to walk if you’re not in good physical condition."

Back 364

Eighteen miles is a long distance to walk if you’re not in good physical condition. (The subject "miles" and verb "is" both are singular)

Front 365

How fractions agree with the verb?

Back 365

Fractions agree with the verb according to the word they refer to. Example Two-thirds of the students were failing math. (Two-thirds is a subject refers to students)

Front 366

Identify subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. "Two-thirds of the students were failing math."

Back 366

Two-thirds of the students were failing math. (The subject "students" and verb "were" both are plural)

Front 367

Identify subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. "Two-thirds of the pound of sugar was eaten by the dog."

Back 367

Two-thirds of the pound of sugar was eaten by the dog. (The subject "sugar" and verb "was" both are singular)

Front 368

Is indefinite pronouns another, anyone, everyone, one, each, either, neither, anything, everything, something, nothing, nobody, and somebody are singular or plural?

Back 368

The indefinite pronouns another, anyone, everyone, one, each, either, neither, anything, everything, something, nothing, nobody, and somebody are singular and take a singular verb.

Front 369

Are indefinite pronouns another, anyone, everyone, one, each, either, neither, anything, everything, something, nothing, nobody, and somebody, singular or plural?

Back 369

The indefinite pronouns another, anyone, everyone, one, each, either, neither, anything, everything, something, nothing, nobody, and somebody are singular and take a singular verb.

Front 370

Identify subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. "Anyone is welcome to apply for the scholarship."

Back 370

Anyone is welcome to apply for the scholarship. (Subject "anyone" and verb "is" both are singular)

Front 371

Identify subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. "Each of the chapters includes a review exercise."

Back 371

Each of the chapters includes a review exercise. (The subject "each" and verb "includes" both are singular)

Front 372

Are the indefinite pronouns some, all, any, more, most, and none can be singular or plural?.

Back 372

The indefinite pronouns some, all, any, more, most, and none can be either singular or plural, depending on the noun the refer to.

Front 373

Identify subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. "Of course, some of the trouble was expected."

Back 373

Of course, some of the trouble was expected. (Subject "trouble" and verb "was" both are singular)

Front 374

Is "The number" can be singular or plural?

Back 374

The number is always singular.

Front 375

Is "a number" can be singular or plural?

Back 375

A number is always plural.

Front 376

Identify subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. "The number of voters has declined."

Back 376

The number of voters has declined. (Subject "the number of voters" and verb "has" both are singular)

Front 377

Identify subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. "A large number of students have not preregistered for classes yet."

Back 377

A large number of students have not preregistered for classes yet. (Subject "A large number of students" and verb "have" both are plural)

Front 378

How collective nouns will have subject-verb agreement?

Back 378

Collective nouns, nouns that refer to a group of people or things (association, committee, class, or union, for example), may be either singular or plural. If the word refers to the group as a unit, it requires a singular verb. If it refers to individuals or items that make up the group, it takes a plural verb.

Front 379

Identify the subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. "The family, as many people think of it, is a dying institution."

Back 379

The family, as many people think of it, is a dying institution. (Subject "family" and verb "is" both are singular)

Front 380

Identify the subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. "The jury are taking their seats."

Back 380

The jury are taking their seats. (Subject "jury" and verb "are" both are plural)

Front 381

Identify subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. "John and Mary are friends."

Back 381

John and Mary are friends. (Compound Subject "John and Marry" and verb "are" both are plural) Note: If a subject has two parts joined by and, it’s plural and requires a plural verb.

Front 382

Identify the subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. " Secretary and friend is how I would describe Grace relationship."

Back 382

Secretary and friend is how I would describe Grace relationship. (Not are since the words “secretary and friend” here form a single description.) Note: Be careful: Not every "and" signals a compound subject.

Front 383

Identify subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. " Macaroni and cheese is his favorite dinner."

Back 383

Macaroni and cheese is his favorite dinner. (Macaroni and cheese refers to one dish.) Note: Additionally, sometimes the two words joined by "and" are considered one thing. In that case, the verb is singular.

Front 384

Identify the subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. "Either the boss or his secretary is planning to be in the office tomorrow."

Back 384

Either the boss or his secretary is planning to be in the office tomorrow. (Only one of them will be in the office.) Note: If two parts of a subject, both singular, are joined by either/or or neither/nor, the subject is considered singular. (Only one of them will do the action of the verb. It’s either one or the other, not both. Thus, a singular verb is needed.)

Front 385

Identify the subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. "Either the bosses or the secretary is going to be in the office tomorrow."

Back 385

Either the bosses or the secretary is going to be in the office tomorrow. (The verb is agrees with secretary, which is singular.) Note: If one part of the subject is singular and the other is plural and they’re joined by either-or or neither-nor, the verb will agree with the word closest to it.

Front 386

Identify the subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. " Either the secretary or the bosses are going to be in the office tomorrow."

Back 386

Either the secretary or the bosses are going to be in the office tomorrow. (The verb are agrees with bosses, which is plural.) Note: If one part of the subject is singular and the other is plural and they’re joined by either-or or neither-nor, the verb will agree with the word closest to it.

Front 387

Identify the subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. " The lawyer who wrote those briefs is no longer in practice."

Back 387

The lawyer who wrote those briefs is no longer in practice. (The subject of the sentence is lawyer, not briefs. The intervening clause, who wrote those briefs, doesn't affect the number of the verb, is, which must agree with the singular subject, lawyer.) Note: Don’t be misled by phrases or clauses that appear between the subject and verb.

Front 388

Identify the subject-verb agreement in the following sentence."The girls from the printing room are here."

Back 388

The girls from the printing room are here. (The subject of the verb is girls, not room, which is the object of the preposition from.) Note: Don’t be misled by phrases or clauses that appear between the subject and verb.

Front 389

Identify the subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. " Adam Jones, along with his brothers, is expected to arrive in town today."

Back 389

Adam Jones, along with his brothers, is expected to arrive in town today. (Even though the implication of the sentence is plural, the true subject of the verb is Adam Jones, singular.) Note: Intervening phrases like along with, as well as, in addition to, including, and together with don’t change the subject’s number.

Front 390

Identify subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. "The yellow cat, together with his owners, is now in the flower garden looking for moles."

Back 390

The yellow cat, together with his owners, is now in the flower garden looking for moles. (Even though the implication of the sentence is plural, the true subject of the verb is The yellow cat, singular.) Note: Intervening phrases like along with, as well as, in addition to, including, and together with don’t change the subject’s number.

Front 391

Identify the subject-verb agreement in the following sentence. "There at the end of the line of tall trees was a charming little bungalow."

Back 391

There at the end of the line of tall trees was a charming little bungalow. (The subject of the verb was is bungalow, singular, not trees.) Note: Be careful of sentences in which the subject follows the verb.

Front 392

Identify the subject-verb agreement in the following subject. "Are the girls ready yet?"

Back 392

Are the girls ready yet? (The subject of the verb is girls, plural.) Note: Be careful of sentences in which the subject follows the verb.

Front 393

Recall and define what is pronoun?

Back 393

As you know, a pronoun is a noun substitute. It allows you to refer to a person, place, thing, or idea, without always having to repeat its name.

Front 394

Write some example sentences without pronoun.

Back 394

John is my brother. My brother is a policeman.

Front 395

Re-write following sentences by using pronoun. "John is my brother. My brother is a policeman."

Back 395

John is my brother. He is a policeman.

Front 396

Figure out pronoun and its antecedent in the following sentences. " John is my brother. He is a policeman."

Back 396

In those two sentences, John is the antecedent of pronoun He.

Front 397

What do you understand by antecedent?

Back 397

The antecedent is the noun (or pronoun), phrase, or clause that the pronoun refers to. In English, a pronoun should agree with its antecedent in person, gender, and number.

Front 398

In the following sentence how pronoun is agree with its antecedent. "John is my brother. He is a policeman."

Back 398

John is just one person, so we need the singular number; he’s also a male, so we need the masculine singular pronoun, he—not she or they.

Front 399

How pronoun is agreed with its antecedent in the following sentence? "Out of breath, the woman jumped on the bus. Only then did she realize she had left her briefcase at home."

Back 399

Since woman is singular and feminine, we need the singular, feminine form of the personal pronoun, she.

Front 400

If the antecedent of a pronoun is a collective noun, such as jury, committee, audience, crowd, or family, then how can be pronoun-antecedent agreement.?

Back 400

If the noun functions as a group, it’s treated as singular. If the members function individually, the noun is treated as plural.

Front 401

Identify pronoun-antecedent agreement in the following sentence. "The planning committee granted its permission to build."

Back 401

The antecedent of the pronoun its is committee. The group is regarded as a whole.

Front 402

Identify pronoun-antecedent agreement in the following sentence, "The committee put their signatures on the document."

Back 402

The members are regarded as individuals. The pronoun is plural, their.

Front 403

If there are compound antecedents and they refer to one person, thing, or idea, then pronoun can be what singular or plural?

Back 403

If there are compound antecedents and they refer to one person, thing, or idea, the pronoun is singular.

Front 404

Identify pronoun-antecedent agreement in the following. " In the late 1890s the husband and father left Ireland with his family."

Back 404

Only one man is being referred to. The antecedent of his is husband and father.

Front 405

A pronoun whose antecedent is two or more singular nouns linked by either/or or neither/nor then pronoun can be what singular/plural?

Back 405

A pronoun whose antecedent is two or more singular nouns linked by either/or or neither/nor is singular.

Front 406

Identify pronoun-antecedent agreement in the following sentence. "Either Bruce or James should receive first prize for his sculpture."

Back 406

Just one of them will receive the prize.

Front 407

If one of the antecedents is singular and one plural, then pronoun will agree with?

Back 407

If one of the antecedents is singular and one plural, the pronoun will agree with the one closest to it.

Front 408

Identify pronoun-antecedent agreement in the following sentence. "Neither the instructor nor her students could find their way to the bookstore."

Back 408

Students is plural; use the plural form, their.

Front 409

Identify the pronoun-antecedent agreement in the following sentence. "Neither the students nor the instructor could find her way to the bookstore."

Back 409

Instructor is singular; use the singular form, her.

Front 410

What should you do if one of the antecedents with either/or or neither/nor is masculine and the other is feminine? Example: "Either Allan or Ann should receive first prize for (his/her) essay."

Back 410

In this case, the only logical solution is to reword the sentence: Either Allan or Ann should receive first prize in the essay contest. First prize in the essay contest should go to either Allan

or Ann. We have eliminated pronoun to avoid the conflict in pronoun-antecedent agreement.

Front 411

What are indefinite pronouns?

Back 411

We use indefinite pronouns to refer to people or things without saying exactly who or what they are. We use pronouns ending in -body or -one for people, and pronouns ending in -thing for things. Somebody: anybody, nobody, everybody Someone: anyone, no one, everyoneSomething: anything, nothing,everything

Front 412

Are indefinite pronouns singular or plural?

Back 412

The most indefinite pronouns— each, either, neither, one, anyone, and someone—are singular.

Front 413

Are indefinite pronouns refer to males of females?

Back 413

Indefinite pronouns can refer to either males or females.

Front 414

Why indefinite pronoun should use non sexist language?

Back 414

From the fifth century A.D. to the late twentieth century, the masculine form was always used in cases where the antecedent could refer to either a masculine or a feminine person. For example "Everyone must hand in his books at the end of the term." Present-day usage requires that both the masculine and the feminine pronouns or nonsexist language (see boxed item given here) be used in cases where the antecedent could be either masculine or feminine.

Front 415

Re-write the following sentence as per today's requirements. "Everyone must hand in his books at the end of the term."

Back 415

Everyone must hand in his or her books. (But this sentence is clumsy and bulky. We should try to write it in other ways)

Front 416

Re-write this sentence in non sexist language. "Everyone must hand in his or her books."

Back 416

Option-1: We could try to eliminate the pronoun altogether. "Everyone must hand in the course textbooks at the end of the term." Option-2: Another option would be to make the antecedent plural. "All students must hand in their books at the end of the term."

Front 417

Which pronoun is common to use with indefinite pronouns antecedents in speech and informal writing?

Back 417

In speech and informal writing, it’s common to use the plural pronoun with indefinite pronoun antecedents when the intended meaning is clearly plural. For example; "Everyone must hand in their books at the end of the term." (That wording seems to make sense here since it’s clear that more than one person will be handing in a book. However, this construction isn’t considered appropriate in business and academic writing.)

Front 418

If you don't know the person is a male or female, corresponding to the how to write?

Back 418

Of course there’s nothing wrong with using the masculine form (he, Dear Sir) or the feminine form (she, Dear Madam) if you know the person is a male or female, respectively, but in cases where the person may be either male or female, current usage requires that you express in nonsexist, gender-neutral language.

Front 419

How to regard "Dear Sir" as gender neutral?

Back 419

Dear Sir or Madam:/To Whom It May Concern:

Front 420

How to write "spokesman" as gender neutral.

Back 420

spokesperson

Front 421

How to write "Chairman" as gender neutral?

Back 421

Chairperson

Front 422

How to write "businessman" as gender neutral?

Back 422

businessperson/executive

Front 423

How to write "salesman" as gender neutral?

Back 423

salesperson/representative

Front 424

How to write "mankind" as non sexist?

Back 424

humankind, people, human beings, everyone

Front 425

How to write "man-made" as gender neutral?

Back 425

synthetic

Front 426

How to write "postman" as gender neutral?

Back 426

postal worker or letter carrier

Front 427

How to write "stewardess" as non sexist?

Back 427

flight attendant

Front 428

What are personal pronouns?

Back 428

A personal pronoun is a pronoun that is associated primarily with a particular person, in the grammatical sense. Personal pronouns, in most instances, change spelling, depending on how they’re used in sentences. Personal pronouns are following; I, you, he, she, it, we, they.

Front 429

Write Nominative and Objective case of personal pronouns.

Back 429

Nominative Case: I, you, he/she/it, we, they Objective Case: me, you, him/her/it, us, them,

Front 430

Define what is the Nominative case.

Back 430

When a pronoun serves as the subject or predicate complement, it’s in the nominative case.

Subject: He and she shared the award.

Predicate complement: The winners of the prize were Mark and she.

Front 431

What is predicate complement?

Back 431

Predicate complement also known as predicative, are the elements of the predicate of a sentence which supplement the subject of object by means of the verb.

Example: The tribe made him chief. (Chief being the predicative/object complement)

Front 432

Predicate complement answers what questions?

Back 432

Predicate complement answers the question “What?” or “Who?” after a linking verb like to be or any of its forms: be, am, is, are, was, were, being, has been, have been, had been.

Front 433

If the pronoun is an object—direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition— In which case it will be?

Back 433

If the pronoun is an object—direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition—it’s in the objective case.

Front 434

If the pronoun is an object—direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition— In which case it will be?

Back 434

If the pronoun is an object—direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition—it’s in the objective case.

Front 435

Identify type of object and pronoun case in the following sentence. "Bill found Tony and brought him home."

Back 435

Direct object: Bill found Tony and brought him home. (The direct object is the receiver of the action of the verb. It answers the questions “Who?” or “What?” after the verb.)

Front 436

Identify type of object and pronoun case in the following sentence. "Mary gave me a leather-bound book."

Back 436

Indirect object: Mary gave me a leather-bound book. (The indirect object indicates to or for whom something is done.)

Front 437

Identify type of object and pronoun case in the following sentence. "Mary gave me a leather-bound book."

Back 437

Indirect object: Mary gave me a leather-bound book. (The indirect object indicates to or for whom something is done.)

Front 438

Identify type of object and pronoun case in the following sentence."Jennifer brought her friend

home with her."

Back 438

Object of a preposition: Jennifer brought her friend home with her.

(The object of a preposition answers the question “Who?” or “What?” after a preposition. Some common prepositions are in, on, at, by, to, for, from, and with.)

Front 439

How you can make appropriate pronoun choices?

Back 439

Once you've mastered those basic differences between the nominative and objective cases of pronouns and their uses, you won’t have much trouble making appropriate pronoun choices.

Front 440

When a pronoun is part of a compound subject joined by and, can mislead to the incorrect pronoun form.

Back 440

When a pronoun is part of a compound joined by and, it’s sometimes easy to be misled as to the correct pronoun form. For example; Everyone laughed as Mary told the story about how her brother and she almost missed their bus back from New York City. (In this sentence, her brother and she are both subjects of the verb missed. Taking away the words her brother and will help

you see more clearly which pronoun case is needed.)

Front 441

Identify the object type and pronoun case in the following sentence. "Just between you and me, I think Phil is a terrible bore"

Back 441

In the sentence, “Just between you and me, I think Phil is a terrible bore,” you and me are the objects of the preposition between. Therefore, me, the objective case, is correct.

Front 442

What is an Appositive Pronoun?

Back 442

An appositive pronoun is a noun or pronoun that renames another noun or pronoun. Appositive pronouns have the same case as the noun or pronoun they’re renaming.

Front 443

Identify an appositive pronoun and its case in the following sentence. "The winners of the contest, Martha and I, won a trip to Switzerland."

Back 443

In this sentence the words Martha and I rename the winners of the contest. Since the appositives are renaming the subject of the sentence, they’ll be in the nominative case.

Front 444

Identify an appositive pronoun and its case in the following sentence."The reporter interviewed the two witnesses to the accident, Harry and her."

Back 444

Harry and her are the witnesses. Witnesses is the direct object. Hence, the objective case (Harry and her) is necessary.

Front 445

Identify an appositive pronoun and its case in the following sentence. "We girls had the time of our lives on the town last night."

Back 445

Girls is the subject of the sentence, so the nominative case, we, is needed.

Front 446

Identify an appositive pronoun and its case in the following sentence. "We girls had the time of our lives on the town last night."

Back 446

Girls is the subject of the sentence, so the nominative case, we, is needed. Note: When we or us is used as part of a noun phrase, the choice will depend on the use of the noun in the sentence.

Front 447

Identify an appositive pronoun and its case in the following sentence. "Management is shortchanging us employees."

Back 447

In this sentence, employees is the direct object of the sentence. Therefore, the pronoun must be in the objective case. i.e us.

Front 448

How to determine the proper pronoun choice if the parts of sentences omitted after the words than or as?

Back 448

Parts of sentences are often omitted after the words than or as. To determine the proper pronoun choice, try to fill in the words that have been omitted and then decide how the word is being used in its clause.

Front 449

Identify an appositive pronoun and its case by filling the omitted word after than. "Jerry is a much better player than he."

Back 449

The word that has been omitted is is. Can you see now that the pronoun is the subject of a clause and thus must be he, nominative case?

Front 450

Identify an appositive pronoun and its case by filling the omitted word after as."We respected no one as much as her."

Back 450

Here the words we respected have been omitted before the pronoun. In its own clause, the pronoun is the object of the verb respected—implied but not stated—and therefore the proper choice is the objective form, her.

Front 451

What are relative pronouns?

Back 451

Relative pronouns are used to link a relative clause to another part of a sentence and has the job of introducing the relative clause. We use the term "relative" pronoun because it "relates" to the word it is modifying. Following words are relative pronouns. that, who, whichever, which, whoever, whom, whomever.

Front 452

Who/whom/whoever/whomever, How these words acts when they are using as relative pronouns in a sentence?

Back 452

When those words are relative pronouns, they replace a noun or pronoun that appears in another clause in the sentence.

Front 453

From the following words which are nominative case and which are objective case. who, whoever, whom and whomever.

Back 453

Keep in mind that who and whoever are nominative case, and whom and whomever are objective case.

Front 454

Where to use nominative case and where objective case?

Back 454

The proper choice will depend on how the word is being used in its own clause. (Remember, subject and predicate complement require the nominative case, and direct object, indirect object, and object of preposition require the objective case.)

Front 455

The relative pronouns who, whom, whose, which and that, should represent what in a sentence?

Back 455

The relative pronouns who, whom, and whose are used for people. Which is used for things. That is used for places or things and rarely for people.

Front 456

Is the use of who is correct in this sentence? "The person who is tactful will avoid arguments."

Back 456

In its own clause, who is tactful, who is the subject of the verb is.

Front 457

Is the use of whom is correct in the following sentence? "You’ll be assigned to a mentor whom you’ll meet later."

Back 457

Here, whom is needed since it’s the direct object in the clause whom you’ll meet later.

Front 458

is the use of pronoun "whoever" is correct in the following sentence? "Give the package to whoever answers the door."

Back 458

Be careful here. It might be tempting to think that the pronoun is the object of the preposition to. However, if you examine the sentence more closely, you’ll see that the object of the preposition is the whole clause whoever answers the door. Within that clause the pronoun is the subject of the verb answers, so whoever—not whomever—is needed.

Front 459

Can we use the pronouns ending in "self" as substitutes for personal pronouns?

Back 459

Pronouns ending in "self" shouldn't be used as substitutes for personal pronouns. For example; Incorrect: My friends and myself went for a ride. Correct: My friends and I went for a ride.

Front 460

In how many ways can be used the Pronoun forms with "self."

Back 460

Pronoun forms with self are correctly used in two ways.First, they’re used as reflexive pronouns, referring to a pronoun already used in the sentence.For example, "I hurt myself".

"She bought herself a new CD." Secondly, self pronouns can be used as intensifiers with a personal pronoun to emphasize it. For example, "Jerry believed what Mary told us.I myself still had some doubts."

Front 461

What are adjectives and adverbs?

Back 461

Both adjectives and adverbs are describers.

Front 462

Define adjectives?

Back 462

Adjectives describe, modify, or limit nouns or pronouns. They tell what kind of, what sort of, condition, color, shape, or size. They usually precede the noun that they modify. For example, "The swollen, dirty river rose." Swollen and dirty are adjectives that describe the river that

rose. They precede the noun river.

Front 463

Define what are predicate adjectives?

Back 463

"The river was swollen and dirty." In this sentence the words swollen and dirty, similarly,

function as adjectives even though they don’t precede the noun river. They follow the linking verb was and describe or define the subject. Such adjectives are sometimes referred to as predicate adjectives.

Front 464

Define what are predicate adjectives?

Back 464

"The river was swollen and dirty." In this sentence the words swollen and dirty, similarly, function as adjectives even though they don’t precede the noun river. They follow the linking verb was and describe or define the subject. Such adjectives are sometimes referred to as predicate adjectives.

Front 465

Define what are predicate adjectives?

Back 465

"The river was swollen and dirty." In this sentence the words swollen and dirty, similarly, function as adjectives even though they don’t precede the noun river. They follow the linking verb was and describe or define the subject. Such adjectives are sometimes referred to as predicate adjectives.

Front 466

Describe what are adverbs?

Back 466

Adverbs describe, modify, or limit verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They answer such questions as how, when, where, why, under what condition, or to what degree. Adverbs that tell how an action is done often end in ly. For example; Slowly and surely, John started to understand algebra. How did he start to understand algebra? Slowly and surely are adverbs that modify the verb started.

Front 467

Identify verb and adverb in the following sentence. "She came home early to surprise her mother."

Back 467

Came is verb. While home is a noun in form, it’s used here as an adverb telling where. Early is an adverb that modifies the adverb home.

Front 468

Identify verb, adverb and predicate adjective in the following sentence."Jerry was extremely upset by the news."

Back 468

In this sentence "was" is a verb, "upset" is adjective. Extremely adds a degree to, or intensifies, upset. (predicate adjective)

Front 469

Give example to understand the Rule-1. "Don’t use an adjective when you should use an adverb."

Back 469

Not: The program ran good when we first tried it. "Good is an adjective. An adverb is needed telling how the program ran"

But: The program ran well. Well is an adverb, which is what’s required here.

Front 470

Give example to understand the Rule-2. "Don’t be misled into confusing adjectives and adverbs in a comparison."

Back 470

Not: My parents dress more conservative than my friends’ parents do."Conservative is an adjective. What’s needed is the adverb form telling how the parents dressed."

But: My parents dress more conservatively than my friends’ parents do. "Conservatively is an adverb, which is what’s required here."

Front 471

Give example to understand the Rule-3."Use an adjective after forms of the verb to be and other

linking verbs, such as seem, feel, appear, and become."

Back 471

Not: I felt very badly when I heard the news. "That sentence means that you felt physically unwell when you heard the news. A predicate adjective is needed here, not an adverb.

But: I felt very bad when I heard the news.

Front 472

Give example to understand the Rule-3."Use an adjective after forms of the verb to be and other

linking verbs, such as seem, feel, appear, and become."

Back 472

Not: I felt very badly when I heard the news. "That sentence means that you felt physically unwell when you heard the news. A predicate adjective is needed here, not an adverb. But: I felt very bad when I heard the news. Bad is the adjective, the appropriate choice here.

Front 473

Give example to understand the Rule-4. "Avoid using the adjective real when you mean the

adverb really."

Back 473

Not: She told her mother she had had a real wonderful time at the dance.

But: She told her mother she had had a really wonderful time at the dance.

Front 474

Give example to understand the Rule-5. "The comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs is used when two items are being compared. The superlative degree is used when more than two are being compared. Most adjectives form their comparative degree by adding -er or more, and form their superlative by adding -est or most. "tall taller tallest." The comparative and superlative degrees of some adjectives are irregular. "good better best" "worse worse worst"

Back 474

Not: Of the two sisters, she is the tallest. (Only two people are being compared.) But: Of the two sisters, she is the taller. Not: She is the better artist of everyone in her class. (She

is being compared to more than one other person.) But:She is the best artist in her class.

Front 475

Give example to understand the Rule-6."Don’t use double comparative or superlative forms of

adjectives. Don’t use both -er and more, or -est and most."

Back 475

Not: most meanest But: meanest Not: more pleasanter But: more pleasant.

Some adjectives and adverbs have absolute meanings. They don’t logically have degrees because their meaning is absolute— e.g., perfect, unique, excellent, impossible, equal, round. Two objects, for example, are either round or they aren’t. One object, logically, can’t be more round than another. Not: more unique or most unique But: unique

Front 476

Give example to understand the Rule-7. "Avoid illogical comparisons."

Back 476

Not: Matt was smarter than any member of his family. Since Matt is a member of his family, the sentence suggests that Matt is smarter than all members of his family, including himself, which, of course, is illogical. But:Matt is smarter than any other member of his family.

Front 477

The words "less and fewer" have similar but different meanings. How to use these words in sentences correctly?

Back 477

Less refers to amounts, degree, or value. It should be used to refer to abstract nouns or things that can’t be counted.
"The work took less time than I had thought."
"We used less gas this year."

Fewer refers to number or to things that can be counted.
“I sold fewer tickets this year.”
“I made fewer mistakes this time.”

Front 478

The words "farther and further" have similar but different meanings. How to use these words in sentences correctly?

Back 478

Farther refers to distance, and further means in
addition.

"The lake is farther down the road."

”We can’t go any farther on this street.”

"I assume there will be no further trouble."

Front 479

The words "later and latter" have similar but different meanings. How to use these words in sentences correctly?

Back 479

Later refers to time. "I will be home later."
Latter means the second of two; it’s the opposite of former.
The latter part of the sermon was more interesting than the former.

Front 480

Can we use two words with the same meaning in a sentence?

Back 480

Correct word usage also requires that you don’t use two words with the same meaning in the same sentence.

Front 481

Which sentence is correct?

"I do not want chili tonight."

"I do not want no chili tonight"

Back 481

In English, for example, you need only one word to make a statement negative.
I do not want chili tonight. (Not is a negative word.) Correct sentence
When you add another negative, you’re guilty of using a double negative.
I do not want no chili tonight. Incorrect Sentence

Front 482

What is phrase?

Back 482

Simple Definition: a group of words that together have a particular meaning

technical definition: a group of words without a finite verb, especially when they are used to form part of a sentence, such as 'walking along the road' and 'a bar of soap

Front 483

Define the effect of "misplaced and dangling modifiers."

Back 483

When phrases used as adjectives (often beginning with a verb form ending in ing) aren’t kept close to the noun or pronoun they’re meant to describe, they can appear to describe another noun in the sentence. The result can be confusing, or sometimes even humorous:

Front 484

Following sentence has misplaced modifier, rewrite it in correct way. "Hanging from the chandelier, the painter killed the spider."

Back 484

Quite a feat that painter accomplished as he hung from the chandelier.
Correct: The painter killed the spider hanging from the chandelier.

Front 485

Following sentence has misplaced modifier, rewrite it in correct way. "The technician identified the virus looking through the microscope."

Back 485

Sounds as though the virus is looking through the microscope.
Correct: Looking through the microscope, the
technician identified the virus.

Front 486

What is the meaning of dangling modifier in a sentence?

Back 486

A dangling modifier isn’t so easy to correct. The sentence it occurs in doesn’t have a stated, logical noun or pronoun that it’s meant to describe. Instead, the word group just seems to
dangle from the beginning of the sentence. (A modifier can dangle from the end of a sentence, too.)

Front 487

Following sentence has dangling modifier, rewrite it in a correct way. "Walking down the street, an accident occurred."

Back 487

To correct this error, the writer must do one of two things:
Add a logical noun or pronoun that the word group could describe:
"Walking down the street, I witnessed an accident."
Restructure the word group, perhaps making it into a clause:
"As I was walking down the street, an accident occurred."

Front 488

Define parallel construction of a sentence.

Back 488

When you coordinate two or more elements in a sentence, you must state them in the same grammatical form. This is called parallel construction. In other words, nouns must be
matched with nouns, verbs with verbs, phrases with phrases, and clauses with clauses.

Front 489

Is the following sentence has parallel construction? "A doctor must be smart and kind."

Back 489

Parallel: The predicate complement is composed of two adjectives. "smart and kind"

Front 490

Is the following sentence has parallel construction? "Bobby washed the car, cut the grass, and is going to the movies."

Back 490

Unparallel: Although there are three verbs, the tense changes with the last verb.

Front 491

Is the following sentence has parallel construction? "She likes cooking, jogging, and to read."

Back 491

unparallel construction

Front 492

Rewrite following sentence to make its construction parallel."She likes cooking, jogging, and to read."

Back 492

She likes cooking, jogging, and reading.

0r

She likes to cook, jog, and read.

Front 493

Is the following sentence has parallel construction? "He likes to swim and running".

Back 493

Unparallel construction

Front 494

Rewrite the following sentence by making its construction parallel. "He likes to swim and running".

Back 494

"He likes to swim and run" or "He likes swimming and running"

Front 495

Rewrite the following sentence by making its construction parallel. "John likes skiing and to swim."

Back 495

"John likes skiing and swimming." or "John likes to ski and to swim.

Front 496

How can we write a pleasing sentence?

Back 496

As in constructing an attractive house, constructing a pleasing sentence means keeping the components similar, the vision constant, and the style consistent.

"Whenever possible, keep logically related
items together."

Front 497

What is the infinitive form of verb?

Back 497

The infinitive form of a verb is the verb in its basic form. It is the version of the verb which will appear in the dictionary. The infinitive form of a verb is usually preceded by to (e.g., to run, to dance, to think). The infinitive form is not always preceded by to. Look at these examples:

* I need to run every day.
* (The infinitive form with the word to is called the full infinitive or to-infinitive.)

Front 498

What are you understand by split infinitives?

Back 498

A split infinitive results when a modifier separates the to from the rest of the infinitive. Although there’s nothing ungrammatical about splitting the infinitive, you must make sure that the sentence doesn't become awkward.

Front 499

Following awkward sentence has split infinitive. Rewrite it in a correct way. "Awkward: I tried not to carelessly rush through the job."

Back 499

Better: I tried not to rush through the job carelessly.

Front 500

Following awkward sentence has split infinitive. Rewrite it in a correct way. "Awkward: Try to, if you can, exercise daily."

Back 500

Better: If you can, try to exercise daily.

Front 501

Should we separate parts of a verb phrase?

Back 501

Avoid separating a helping verb from the main verb because it can make your sentence awkward.

Front 502

Following awkward sentence has separate parts of a verb phrase. Rewrite it in a correct way."Awkward: She has, to my great delight, done very well."

Back 502

Better: To my great delight, she has done very well.

Front 503

Following awkward sentence has separate parts of a verb phrase. Rewrite it in a correct way."Awkward: The senator has, believe it or not, been droning on for two hours."

Back 503

Better: Believe it or not, the senator has been droning on for two hours.

Front 504

Can we separate subject and verb, preposition and object?

Back 504

Whenever you change the basic pattern of a sentence, it jars the reader because it changes the emphasis of the sentence. Sometimes the change in emphasis is good; other times it’s
not. Make sure the result remains a clear, effective sentence.

Front 505

Here is an ineffective written sentence. Rewrite it in effective way."Ineffective: The detective found, after an hour’s search, the missing clue."

Back 505

More effective: After an hour’s search, the detective found the missing clue.

Front 506

Here is an ineffective written sentence. Rewrite it in effective way. "Ineffective: Alex crept into, although he was frightened, the dark hole beneath the porch."

Back 506

Effective: Although he was frightened, Alex crept into the dark hole beneath the porch.

Front 507

Should we use shifts in construction of a sentence?

Back 507

Be careful to avoid the shifts in sentence construction that can distract and jar a reader.

Front 508

What is consistent tense maintenance in a sentence?

Back 508

If the first part of a sentence is in the present tense, the second part should be, too, unless there’s some valid reason for the switch. This is true within paragraphs also.

Front 509

Following sentence has shifted its tense, rewrite it by maintaining its tense consistent. "Shift: The boat was going down (past tense). Just as I was (past tense) sure I was going (past tense) to drown, a stranger jumps off (present tense) a passing boat and grabs (present tense) me.

Back 509

Consistent: The boat was going down. Just as I was sure I was going to drown, a stranger jumped off a passing boat and grabbed me.

Front 510

What is consistent point of view maintenance in a sentence?

Back 510

Point of view has to do with whether the sentence, paragraph, or paper is written in first person (I, me), second person (you), or third person (he, she, it, they). It’s disturbing to a
reader when a writer shifts from one person to another.

Front 511

Following sentence has shifted its point of view, rewrite sentence by maintaining its consistent point of view."Shift: In our auto mechanic class, we (first person) learned to take apart a car with the necessary tools. You (second person) were graded on your speed and your skill in doing so."

Back 511

Consistent: In our auto mechanic class, we learned to take apart a car with the necessary tools. We were graded on our speed and skill in doing so.

Front 512

What is maintenance of consistent mood and voice in verbs?

Back 512

There are three moods in English: the indicative, which is used for facts, opinions, and questions; the imperative, used for orders or advice; and the subjunctive, which is used in certain contexts to express wishes or conditions contrary to fact.

Front 513

Following sentence is shifted in its mood, rewrite the sentence by maintaining its its mood consistent."Shift: The police advise (indicative mood) people who are going (indicative mood) to be away for any period of time to tell (indicative mood) neighbors. Also, stop (imperative mood) your newspapers."

Back 513

Consistent: The police advise people who are going to be away for any period of time to tell neighbors and to stop their newspapers.

Front 514

Can we mix active and passive voice in the same sentence?

Back 514

You learned when you read about verbs that verbs can be in either the active or passive voice. Generally, the active voice is preferred for lively writing, though, of course, the passive has its uses. Do not, however, mix active and passive voice in the same sentence or shift abruptly in a paragraph or paper from one to the other.

Front 515

Following sentence has shifted voice, rewrite the sentence by maintaining its voice consistent. "Shift: Mary ran (active voice) to the phone and the ambulance was called (passive voice)."

Back 515

Consistent: Mary ran to the phone and called
the ambulance.

Front 516

Practice Exercise:1

Question:1. Identify simple subject and simple predicate (the predicate verb) in the following sentence. "George Washington was over six feet tall."

Back 516

George Washington/was

Front 517

Practice Exercise:1

Question:2. Identify simple subject and simple predicate (the predicate verb) in the following sentence. "The Potomac River is very wide."

Back 517

Potomac River/is

Front 518

Practice Exercise:1

Question:3. Identify simple subject and simple predicate (the predicate verb) in the following sentence. "George Washington could never have thrown a silver dollar across the Potomac River."

Back 518

George Washington/could have thrown

Front 519

Practice Exercise:1

Question:4. Identify simple subject and simple predicate (the predicate verb) in the following sentence. "He suffered from constant dental problems."

Back 519

He/suffered

Front 520

Practice Exercise:1

Question:5. Identify simple subject and simple predicate (the predicate verb) in the following sentence. "His wooden teeth are displayed at the museum at Mount Vernon."

Back 520

teeth/are displayed

Front 521

Practice Exercise:1

Question:6. Identify simple subject and simple predicate (the predicate verb) in the following sentence. "Another famous Founding Father was Benjamin Franklin."

Back 521

Founding Father/was

Front 522

Practice Exercise:1

Question:7. Identify simple subject and simple predicate (the predicate verb) in the following sentence. "Writer, publisher, inventor, statesman, and colonial agent name just a few of Franklin's vocations and avocations."

Back 522

Writer, publisher, inventor, statesman, agent/name

Front 523

Practice Exercise:1

Question:8. Identify simple subject and simple predicate (the predicate verb) in the following sentence."Benjamin Franklin contributed much to American culture."

Back 523

Benjamin Franklin/contributed

Front 524

Self - Check:1

Question:1. Identify Predicate verb, Simple Subject, Complete subject and Complete predicate in the following sentence. "Sam entered the check in the wrong customer account."

Back 524

Predicate verb: entered

Simple subject: Sam

Complete subject: Sam

Complete predicate: the check in the wrong customer account

Front 525

Self - Check:1

Question:2. Identify Predicate verb, Simple Subject, Complete subject and Complete predicate in the following sentence. "Rose’s lost briefcase contained the only copy of the proposal."

Back 525

Predicate verb: contained

Simple subject: briefcase

Complete subject: Rose’s lost briefcase

Complete predicate: the only copy of the proposal.

Front 526

Self - Check:1

Question:3. Identify Predicate verb, Simple Subject, Complete subject and Complete predicate in the following sentence. "Technical writing is a useful skill in some jobs."

Back 526

Predicate verb: is

Simple subject: writing

Complete subject: Technical writing

Complete predicate: a useful skill in some jobs

Front 527

Self - Check:1

Question:4. Identify Predicate verb, Simple Subject, Complete subject and Complete predicate in the following sentence. "Job pressures make it difficult to maintain personal friendships."

Back 527

Predicate verb: make

Simple subject: pressures

Complete subject: Job pressures

Complete predicate: it difficult to maintain personal friendships

Front 528

Self - Check:1

Question:5. Identify Predicate verb, Simple Subject, Complete subject and Complete predicate in the following sentence. "Company benefit packages are frequently misunderstood."

Back 528

Predicate verb: are

Simple subject: packages

Complete subject: Company benefit packages

Complete predicate: frequently misunderstood

Front 529

Self - Check:1

Question:6. Identify Predicate verb, Simple Subject, Complete subject and Complete predicate in the following sentence. "Fax machines make instant written communication possible."

Back 529

Predicate verb: make

Simple subject: machines

Complete subject: Fax machines

Complete predicate: instant written communication possible

Front 530

Self - Check:1

Question:7. Identify Predicate verb, Simple Subject, Complete subject and Complete predicate in the following sentence."Long business trips are expensive and tiring."

Back 530

Predicate verb: are

Simple subject: trips

Complete subject: Long business trips

Complete predicate: expensive and tiring

Front 531

Self - Check:1

Question:8. Identify Predicate verb, Simple Subject, Complete subject and Complete predicate in the following sentence."Office automation changed many jobs."

Back 531

Predicate verb: changed

Simple subject: automation

Complete subject: Office automation

Complete predicate: many jobs

Front 532

Self - Check:1

Question:9. Identify Predicate verb, Simple Subject, Complete subject and Complete predicate in the following sentence. "More people dress casually for work today than in the past."

Back 532

Predicate verb: dress

Simple subject: people

Complete subject: More people

Complete predicate: casually for work today than in the past

Front 533

Self - Check:1

Question:10. Identify Predicate verb, Simple Subject, Complete subject and Complete predicate in the following sentence. "Many employers restrict smoking to certain areas."

Back 533

Predicate verb: restrict

Simple subject: employers

Complete subject: Many employers

Complete predicate: smoking to certain areas

Front 534

Self - Check:1

Question:11. Identify the pattern of the following sentence."Where are the beautiful yellow roses?"

Back 534

adverb: (Where)

verb: (are)

subject: (the beautiful yellow roses)

Front 535

Self - Check:1

Question:12. Identify the pattern of the following sentence."The spring flowers are beautiful."

Back 535

subject: The spring flowers

linking verb: are

subject complement: beautiful

Front 536

Self - Check:1

Question:13. Identify the pattern of the following sentence. "What is the reason for your lateness?"

Back 536

interrogative adjective: What

verb: is

subject: the reason for your lateness

Front 537

Self - Check:1

Question:14. Identify the pattern of the following sentence. "Grandmother baked a rhubarb pie."

Back 537

subject: Grandmother

action verb: baked

direct object: a rhubarb pie

Front 538

Self - Check:1

Question:15. Identify the pattern of the following sentence. "Are we having hot dogs for lunch?"

Back 538

helping verb: Are

subject: we

main verb: having hot dogs for lunch

Front 539

Self - Check:1

Question:16. Identify the pattern of the following sentence. "That novel by Fitzgerald is my favorite."

Back 539

subject: That novel by Fitzgerald

Linking verb: is

subject complement: my favorite

Front 540

Self - Check:1

Question:17. Identify the pattern of the following sentence. "The farmer gave his chickens some cracked corn."

Back 540

subject: The farmer

action verb: gave

Indirect object: his chickens

direct object: some cracked corn

Front 541

Self - Check:1

Question:18. Identify the pattern of the following sentence. "Sylvia called her sister’s boyfriend an idiot."

Back 541

subject: Sylvia

verb: called

object: her sister’s boyfriend

object complement: an idiot

Front 542

Practice Exercise: 2

Question: 1. Identify the correct verb form in the following sentence. "Every adult and child was/were willing to wait for hours until the ticket
box office opened."

Back 542

was

Front 543

Practice Exercise: 2

Question: 2. Identify the correct verb form in the following sentence. "At the entrance to the exhibition hall was/were a crowd of eager merchants."

Back 543

was

Front 544

Practice Exercise: 2

Question: 3. Identify the correct verb form in the following sentence. "Sara or Mike is/are opening the sales meeting tomorrow."

Back 544

is

Front 545

Practice Exercise: 2

Question: 4. Identify the correct verb form in the following sentence. "Either Will or his agents is/are in the office now."

Back 545

are

Front 546

Practice Exercise: 2

Question: 5. Identify the correct verb form in the following sentence. "On the shelves was/were several paint cans."

Back 546

were

Front 547

Practice Exercise: 2

Question: 6. Identify the correct verb form in the following sentence. "One of the workshop presenters has/have laryngitis."

Back 547

has

Front 548

Practice Exercise: 2

Question: 7. Identify the correct verb form in the following sentence. "Our CEO, along with his administrative assistant, has/have arrived early for the review session."

Back 548

has

Front 549

Practice Exercise: 2

Question: 8. Identify the correct verb form in the following sentence."Carlos or the Miranda sisters is/are helping set up the audiovisual equipment."

Back 549

are

Front 550

Practice Exercise: 2

Question: 9. Identify the correct verb form in the following sentence. "The government publish/publishes a great deal of printed material."

Back 550

publishes

Front 551

Practice Exercise: 2

Question: 10. Identify the correct verb form in the following sentence. "In this corner of our lobby stand/stands a group of statues used in a promotion film."

Back 551

stands

Front 552

Practice Exercise: 3

Question: 1. Indicate whether following sentence is written in active or passive voice? "Alan took his grandmother to the beach for the day."

Back 552

Active

Front 553

Practice Exercise: 3

Question: 2. Indicate whether following sentence is written in active or passive voice? "Lunch was being set on the table when I arrived."

Back 553

Passive

Front 554

Practice Exercise: 3

Question: 3. Indicate whether following sentence is written in active or passive voice? "Toys should not be left on the floor."

Back 554

Passive

Front 555

Practice Exercise: 3

Question: 4. Indicate whether following sentence is written in active or passive voice? "Jodi and Jared sprinted for the finish line."

Back 555

Active

Front 556

Practice Exercise: 3

Question: 5. Indicate whether following sentence is written in active or passive voice? "It will be finished tomorrow."

Back 556

Passive

Front 557

Practice Exercise: 3

Question: 6. Indicate whether following sentence is written in active or passive voice? "They listened attentively to a recording of the concert."

Back 557

Active

Front 558

Practice Exercise: 3

Question: 7. Rewrite following sentence in the active voice. "Spanish was spoken on the tour bus."

Back 558

The people on the tour bus spoke Spanish.

Front 559

Practice Exercise: 3

Question: 8. Rewrite following sentence in the active voice. "Why wasn’t the project finished by the deadline?"

Back 559

Why didn’t Jim and Ray finish the project by
the deadline?

Front 560

Practice Exercise: 3

Question: 9. Rewrite following sentence in the active voice. "Employees are required to arrive by 7:55 A.M."

Back 560

Ms. Brown requires her employees to arrive by 7:55 A.M.

Front 561

Practice Exercise: 3

Question: 10. Rewrite following sentence in the active voice. "The arena was built in 2003."

Back 561

The city government built the arena in 2003.

Front 562

Practice Exercise: 4

Question: 1. Identify the direct object in the following sentence. "Keep your shop, and your shop will keep you."

Back 562

shop, you

Front 563

Practice Exercise: 4

Question: 2. Identify the direct object in the following sentence. "Creditors have better memories than debtors."

Back 563

memories

Front 564

Practice Exercise: 4

Question: 3. Identify the subject complement or object complement in the following sentence. "The Golden Age never was the present age."

Back 564

age (last word in sentence)

Front 565

Practice Exercise: 4

Question: 4. Identify the subject complement or object complement in the following sentence. "A good example is the best sermon."

Back 565

sermon

Front 566

Practice Exercise: 4

Question: 5. Identify the subject complement or object complement in the following sentence. "No man ever was glorious, who was not laborious."

Back 566

glorious, laborious

Front 567

Practice Exercise: 4

Question: 6. Identify the subject complement or object complement in the following sentence. "Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise."

Back 567

healthy, wealthy, wise

Front 568

Self-Check: 2

Question: 1. Select the correct pronoun or verb to correctly complete the following sentence. "Send the results of the test to George and (I, me)."

Back 568

me (The object of a preposition must be in the
objective case.)

Front 569

Self-Check: 2

Question: 2. Select the correct pronoun or verb to correctly complete the following sentence. "Drafting and planning (is, are) two tasks of an architect."

Back 569

are (Two singular subjects connected by and take
a plural verb.)

Front 570

Self-Check: 2

Question: 3. Select the correct pronoun or verb to correctly complete the following sentence. "Either you or I (are, am, is) going to write the report."

Back 570

am (The word I is closer to the verb, so the verb must agree with I.)

Front 571

Self-Check: 2

Question: 4. Select the correct pronoun or verb to correctly complete the following sentence. "I can’t remember whether Eric or Lisa (like, likes) black coffee."

Back 571

likes (Two singular subjects connected by or take
a singular verb.)

Front 572

Self-Check: 2

Question: 5. Select the correct pronoun or verb to correctly complete the following sentence. "(Was, Were) Tina or you supposed to submit the budget outline?"

Back 572

Was (Tina is closer to the verb, so the verb must agree with Tina.)

Front 573

Self-Check: 2

Question: 6. Select the correct pronoun or verb to correctly complete the following sentence. "It was (she, her) who wanted to start early."

Back 573

she (A pronoun used as a predicate nominative must be in the subjective case.)

Front 574

Self-Check: 2

Question: 7. Select the correct pronoun or verb to correctly complete the following sentence. "All of the supervisors called (his, their, its) workers together."

Back 574

their (All refers to supervisors. Since supervisors
represent something that can be counted, you
should use a plural verb.)

Front 575

Self-Check: 2

Question: 8. Select the correct pronoun or verb to correctly complete the following sentence. "The increase in unemployment in those districts (is, are) attributed to the sluggish economy there."

Back 575

is (The subject of the sentence is the singular word increase. Therefore, the verb must also be singular.)

Front 576

Self-Check: 2

Question: 9. Select the correct pronoun or verb to correctly complete the following sentence. "The section in which you discuss future plans (need, needs) more development."

Back 576

needs (The subject of the sentence is the singular word section. Therefore, the verb must also be singular.)

Front 577

Self-Check: 2

Question: 10. Select the correct pronoun or verb to correctly complete the following sentence. "Physics (is, are) the most difficult science to study."

Back 577

is (The word physics looks plural, but it represents a single branch of science. Therefore, it takes a singular verb.)

Front 578

Self-Check: 2

Question: 11. Select the correct pronoun or verb to correctly complete the following sentence. "Four days (was, were) enough time to complete the job."

Back 578

was (The term four days represents one unit of
measurement, so it takes a singular verb.)

Front 579

Self-Check: 2

Question: 12. Select the correct pronoun or verb to correctly complete the following sentence. "The management and the board of directors (has, have) to approve the plan before the
president can make a decision."

Back 579

have (Two singular subjects connected by and take a plural verb.)

Front 580

Self-Check: 2

Question: 13. Select the correct pronoun or verb to correctly complete the following sentence. "Either management or the board of directors (has, have) to submit the plan to the president for approval."

Back 580

has (Two singular subjects connected by or take a
singular verb. The word directors is the object of the preposition of and therefore doesn’t affect the number of the verb.)

Front 581

Self-Check: 2

Question: 14. Select the correct pronoun or verb to correctly complete the following sentence. "Down by the stream (is, are) two large apple trees."

Back 581

are (The subject of the sentence, trees, is plural.)

Front 582

Self-Check: 2

Question: 15. Select the correct pronoun or verb to correctly complete the following sentence. "The committee (was, were) in session for two hours."

Back 582

was (In this sentence, the collective noun committee is used in a singular fashion and takes a singular verb.)

Front 583

Self-Check: 2

Question: 16. Rewrite following sentence in the active voice. "Allison was bitten by a dog yesterday."

Back 583

A dog bit Allison yesterday.

Front 584

Self-Check: 2

Question: 17. Rewrite following sentence in the active voice. "Your computer has been accidentally damaged."

Back 584

I accidentally damaged your computer.

Front 585

Self-Check: 2

Question: 18. Rewrite following sentence in the active voice. "A return envelope has been enclosed for your convenience."

Back 585

We have enclosed a return envelope for your convenience.

Front 586

Self-Check: 2

Question: 19. Rewrite following sentence in the active voice. "Several mistakes were made."

Back 586

Andrew made several mistakes.

Front 587

Self-Check: 2

Question: 20. Rewrite following sentence in the active voice. "The book is being read by most of the community."

Back 587

Most of the community is reading the book.

Front 588

Self-Check: 2

Question: 21. Identify any direct or indirect objects in following sentence. "Do you know Alex Taylor’s address?"

Back 588

Direct object: address

Front 589

Self-Check: 2

Question: 22. Identify any direct or indirect objects in following sentence."Laura bought the children ice cream."

Back 589

Direct object: ice cream; indirect object: children

Front 590

Self-Check: 2

Question: 23. Identify any direct or indirect objects in following sentence. "Running gave John confidence."

Back 590

Direct object: confidence; indirect object: John

Front 591

Self-Check: 2

Question: 24. Identify any direct or indirect objects in following sentence. "Marc hired a specialist to work in the new branch."

Back 591

Direct object: specialist

Front 592

Self-Check: 2

Question: 25. Identify any direct or indirect objects in following sentence. "Grandfather told us a long, boring story."

Back 592

Direct object: story; indirect object: us

Front 593

Self-Check: 3

Question: 1. Rewrite the following sentence, shifting unclear modifiers to their correct places. "Jane and Jim only have one child."

Back 593

Jane and Jim have only one child.

Front 594

Self-Check: 3

Question: 2. Rewrite the following sentence, shifting unclear modifiers to their correct places. "She merely went to New York to see her editor."

Back 594

She went to New York merely to see her editor.

Front 595

Self-Check: 3

Question: 3. Rewrite the following sentence, shifting unclear modifiers to their correct places. "Last month he almost got enough speeding tickets to lose his license."

Back 595

Last month he got almost enough speeding tickets to lose his license.

Front 596

Self-Check: 3

Question: 4. Rewrite the following sentence, shifting unclear modifiers to their correct places. "She’s so lazy, she won’t even pick up the phone when she’s sitting next to it."

Back 596

She’s so lazy, she won’t pick up the phone even when she’s sitting next to it.

Front 597

Self-Check: 3

Question: 5. Rewrite the following sentence, shifting unclear modifiers to their correct places. "Kevin had scarcely walked one block when he remembered he had left his lunch at home."

Back 597

Kevin had walked scarcely one block when he
remembered he had left his lunch at home.

Front 598

Self-Check: 3

Question: 6. Identify each incorrect preposition, and write the correct preposition (if one is needed) or other word (if needed). "Richard waited on line for two hours to buy a ticket to the concert."

Back 598

Preposition or word

Incorrect: on

Correct: in

Front 599

Self-Check: 3

Question: 7. Identify each incorrect preposition, and write the correct preposition (if one is needed) or other word (if needed). "The farmer puts a hill of soil among every two rows of corn."

Back 599

Preposition or word

Incorrect: among

Correct: between

Front 600

Self-Check: 3

Question: 8. Identify each incorrect preposition, and write the correct preposition (if one is needed) or other word (if needed). "The feature picture was followed with several short subjects."

Back 600

Preposition or word

Incorrect: with

Correct: by

Front 601

Self-Check: 3

Question: 9. Identify each incorrect preposition, and write the correct preposition (if one is needed) or other word (if needed). "Stop a minute so that I can run in this drugstore."

Back 601

Preposition or word

Incorrect: in

Correct: into

Front 602

Self-Check: 3

Question: 10. Identify each incorrect preposition, and write the correct preposition (if one is needed) or other word (if needed). "We should of planned our evening more carefully."

Back 602

Preposition or word

Incorrect: of

Correct: have

Front 603

Self-Check: 3

Question: 11. Identify each incorrect preposition, and write the correct preposition (if one is needed) or other word (if needed). "You’ll feel happier when you’re between your own people again."

Back 603

Preposition or word

Incorrect: between

Correct: among

Front 604

Self-Check: 3

Question: 12. Identify each incorrect preposition, and write the correct preposition (if one is needed) or other word (if needed). "The trip was so exhausting that I’m glad it’s over with."

Back 604

Preposition or word

Incorrect: with

Correct: no preposition needed.

Front 605

Self-Check: 3

Question: 13. Choose the correct preposition or conjunction. "Neither Ellen or/nor Joan wanted to leave."

Back 605

nor

Front 606

Self-Check: 3

Question: 14. Choose the correct preposition or conjunction. "Joan wouldn’t leave unless/without Ellen left."

Back 606

unless

Front 607

Self-Check: 3

Question: 15. Choose the correct preposition or conjunction. "They’ll leave together, provided/providing that the cab arrives."

Back 607

provided

Front 608

Self-Check: 4

Question: 1_a. Make the verb agree with the subject in the following sentence: "Anyone who must work with those heavy files (has/have) my sympathies."

Back 608

has

Front 609

Self-Check: 4

Question: 1_b. Make the verb agree with the subject in the following sentence: "(Do/Does) he and his brothers still practice law?"

Back 609

do

Front 610

Self-Check: 4

Question: 1_c. Make the verb agree with the subject in the following sentence: "Horseshoes (is/are) always a popular backyard game."

Back 610

is

Front 611

Self-Check: 4

Question: 1_d. Make the verb agree with the subject in the following sentence: "Either the secretary or the boss (is/are) on the telephone."

Back 611

is

Front 612

Self-Check: 4

Question: 1_e. Make the verb agree with the subject in the following sentence: "Either Bill or his sisters (is/are) going to pay their parents’ bills."

Back 612

are

Front 613

Self-Check: 4

Question: 1_f. Make the verb agree with the subject in the following sentence: "Twelve inches (is/are) a foot."

Back 613

is

Front 614

Self-Check: 4

Question: 1_g. Make the verb agree with the subject in the following sentence: "Three people (was/were) asked to consult with her."

Back 614

were

Front 615

Self-Check: 4

Question: 1_h. Make the verb agree with the subject in the following sentence: "There (is/are) plenty of restaurants that specialize in that kind of food."

Back 615

are

Front 616

Self-Check: 4

Question: 1_i. Make the verb agree with the subject in the following sentence: "Writing letters (is/are) part of a secretary’s job."

Back 616

is

Front 617

Self-Check: 4

Question: 1_j. Make the verb agree with the subject in the following sentence: "The number of clients to see the lawyer today (is/are) surprisingly small."

Back 617

is

Front 618

Self-Check: 4

Question: 2_a. Complete following sentence with the pronoun that agrees in gender and number with its antecedent. "I think that when somebody has made a mistake (they/he/he or she) should be willing to admit it."

Back 618

he or she

Front 619

Self-Check: 4

Question: 2_b. Complete following sentence with the pronoun that agrees in gender and number with its antecedent. "The audience applauded (its/their) favorite entertainers."

Back 619

its

Front 620

Self-Check: 4

Question: 2_c. Complete following sentence with the pronoun that agrees in gender and number with its antecedent."If any one of the women wants (her/their) money back, say it’s against policy."

Back 620

her

Front 621

Self-Check: 4

Question: 2_d. Complete following sentence with the pronoun that agrees in gender and number with its antecedent. "The jury delivered (its/their) verdict."

Back 621

its

Front 622

Self-Check: 4

Question: 2_e. Complete following sentence with the pronoun that agrees in gender and number with its antecedent. "A client should always be honest with (their/his/his or her) lawyer."

Back 622

his or her

Front 623

Self-Check: 4

Question: 2_f. Complete following sentence with the pronoun that agrees in gender and number with its antecedent. "Neither the president nor the vice-presidents could be persuaded to share (his/their) opinions with the committee."

Back 623

their

Front 624

Self-Check: 4

Question: 2_f. Complete following sentence with the pronoun that agrees in gender and number with its antecedent. "Either Rose or Ethel will sing for (her/their) supper."

Back 624

her

Front 625

Self-Check: 4

Question: 2_g. Complete following sentence with the pronoun that agrees in gender and number with its antecedent. "Before anyone signs a contract, (they/he/he or she) should read the fine print."

Back 625

he or she

Front 626

Self-Check: 4

Question: 3_a. Choose the correct word in parentheses. "The client behaved (bad/badly)."

Back 626

badly

Front 627

Self-Check: 4

Question: 3_b. Choose the correct word in parentheses. "The writer is (very/real) skillful."

Back 627

very

Front 628

Self-Check: 4

Question: 3_c. Choose the correct word in parentheses. "Of all the artists I’ve seen, Mr. Brown is the (better/best)."

Back 628

best

Front 629

Self-Check: 4

Question: 3_d. Choose the correct word in parentheses."Between you and (I/me), I don’t think Jeff will ever be able to hold down a job."

Back 629

me

Front 630

Self-Check: 4

Question: 3_e. Choose the correct word in parentheses. "John gave Jill and (she/her) a dollar for running the errand."

Back 630

her

Front 631

Self-Check: 4

Question: 3_f. Choose the correct word in parentheses."June is taller than (I/me)."

Back 631

I

Front 632

Self-Check: 4

Question: 3_g. Choose the correct word in parentheses."The woman (who/which) bought the vase at the auction broke it on the way home."

Back 632

who

Front 633

Self-Check: 4

Question: 3_h. Choose the correct word in parentheses. "(We/Us) girls are definitely going to beat the guys in Tuesday’s volleyball game."

Back 633

we

Front 634

Self-Check: 4

Question: 3_i. Choose the correct word in parentheses. "The boy told the girl he thought she looked (real/really) attractive."

Back 634

really

Front 635

Self-Check: 4

Question: 3_j. Choose the correct word in parentheses. "The woman told her husband she didn’t feel very (good/well)."

Back 635

well

Front 636

Self-Check: 4

Question: 3_k. Choose the correct word in parentheses. "My sister Kathy and (myself/I/me) are going to interview for the same job."

Back 636

I

Front 637

Self-Check: 4

Question: 3_l. Choose the correct word in parentheses.

"Mary had (less/fewer) answers right on the quiz than (he/him)."

Back 637

fewer, he

Front 638

Self-Check: 4

Question: 3_m. Choose the correct word in parentheses. "Mary and Martha are sisters. The (latter/later) married my father’s brother."

Back 638

latter

Front 639

Self-Check: 4

Question: 3_n. Choose the correct word in parentheses. "The (further/farther) you read in the book, the more interesting it becomes."

Back 639

farther

Front 640

Self-Check: 4

Question: 3_O. Choose the correct word in parentheses. "She is the (better/best) student in her family of five boys and four girls."

Back 640

best

Front 641

Self-Check: 4

Question: 4_a. In the sentence below, locate the unparallel construction and fix it so that the elements in question will be parallel. "She needs her computer to print address labels, to figure out her budget, and for word processing."

Back 641

for printing address labels, for figuring out her budget,
and for word processing;
or
to print address labels, to figure out her budget, and to
do word processing

Front 642

Self-Check: 4

Question: 4_b. In the sentence below, locate the unparallel construction and fix it so that the elements in question will be parallel."The beach is a place where everyone can swim in the ocean or be lying in the sun."

Back 642

or lie in the sun

Front 643

Self-Check: 4

Question: 4_c. In the sentence below, locate the unparallel construction and fix it so that the elements in question will be parallel."You can do many exercises such as swimming, jog, or ride your bike while at the beach."

Back 643

jogging, or riding your bike

Front 644

Self-Check: 4

Question: 4_d. In the sentence below, locate the unparallel construction and fix it so that the elements in question will be parallel. "His best friend is tall, brown-eyed, very smart, and he wears glasses."

Back 644

His best friend is tall, brown-eyed, and very smart. He
also wears glasses.
or
His best friend is tall and very smart. He is brown-eyed
and wears glasses.

Front 645

Self-Check: 4

Question: 4_e. In the sentence below, locate the unparallel construction and fix it so that the elements in question will be parallel. "Maria closed the door, opened the window, and then she said she was going to sit there for hours."

Back 645

Maria closed the door and opened the window. Then she said she was going to sit there for hours.

Front 646

Self-Check: 4

Question: 5_a. Revise the following sentences to eliminate all misplaced parts and dangling modifiers. "Install, in order to discourage would-be burglars, a good alarm system."

Back 646

In order to discourage would-be burglars, install a good alarm system.

Front 647

Self-Check: 4

Question: 5_b. Revise the following sentences to eliminate all misplaced parts and dangling modifiers. "Very few factories are, in North America, not unionized."

Back 647

Very few factories aren’t unionized in the United States.

Front 648

Self-Check: 4

Question: 5_c. Revise the following sentences to eliminate all misplaced parts and dangling modifiers. "Judith found, after searching all evening, her wallet in the car."

Back 648

After searching all evening, Judith found her wallet in the car.

Front 649

Self-Check: 4

Question: 5_d. Revise the following sentences to eliminate all misplaced parts and dangling modifiers. "Deciding to join the army, Joe’s enthusiasm was evident to his family."

Back 649

When Joe decided to join the army, his enthusiasm was evident to his family.

Front 650

Self-Check: 4

Question: 5_e. Revise the following sentences to eliminate all misplaced parts and dangling modifiers."At the first sound of the alarm, the firefighter jumps to quickly get dressed."

Back 650

At the first sound of the alarm, the firefighter jumps to get dressed quickly.

Front 651

Self-Check: 4

Question: 5_f. Revise the following sentences to eliminate all misplaced parts and dangling modifiers. "The newlywed couple bought, with money they had saved, their first home."

Back 651

The newlywed couple bought their first home with money they had saved.

Front 652

Self-Check: 4

Question: 5_g. Revise the following sentences to eliminate all misplaced parts and dangling modifiers. "Looking over the cliff, a beautiful view could be seen."

Back 652

Looking over the cliff, the man saw a beautfiul view.

Front 653

Self-Check: 4

Question: 6_a. Eliminate the distracting shifts in construction in the following sentence. "Just as the police were closing in, two shots are fired from the rooftop across the street."

Back 653

Just as the police were closing in, two shots were fired from the rooftop across the street.

Front 654

Self-Check: 4

Question: 6_b. Eliminate the distracting shifts in construction in the following sentence. "When Margo stood on the cliff, a beautiful view could be seen."

Back 654

When Margo stood on the cliff, she saw a beautiful view.

Front 655

Self-Check: 4

Question: 6_c. Eliminate the distracting shifts in construction in the following sentence. "Everyone should purchase a lift ticket unless you plan to spend most of your time walking up a steep hill."

Back 655

You should purchase a lift ticket unless you plan to spend most of your time walking up a steep hill.

Front 656

Self-Check: 4

Question: 6_d. Eliminate the distracting shifts in construction in the following sentence."The teacher reminded the class of the research assignment. Also, make sure to do the
semester project."

Back 656

The teacher reminded the class of the research
assignment and the semester project.

Front 657

Exam: 02800700

1. Choose the sentence in which the bold pronoun agrees in number with its bold antecedent or antecedents.
A. The boys want their dessert now.
B. Mary and Jill won't eat her vegetables.
C. Maureen called the children for her meal.
D. The waiter refilled their glasses as they emptied it.

Back 657

A. The boys want their dessert now.

Front 658

Exam: 02800700

2. Choose the simple predicate in the following sentence. The men finished the game in a short time.
A. men
B. finished
C. game
D. in

Back 658

B. finished

Front 659

Exam: 02800700

3. Choose the sentence that's written in the passive voice.
A. To Kill a Mockingbird was written by Harper Lee.
B. Alan and James know how to tell a story.
C. The president was trying to develop his country's economy.
D. Watch for the turn at the corner of the block.

Back 659

A. To Kill a Mockingbird was written by Harper Lee.

Front 660

Exam: 02800700

4. Which of the following sentences uses a preposition properly?
A. I might of lent him the book, if he had asked.
B. There was a big argument between Megan, Abira, and Lena.
C. Connor waited in line while Ava parked the car.
D. Where is David at?

Back 660

C. Connor waited in line while Ava parked the car.

Front 661

Exam: 02800700

5. The following phrases are bullet points in a letter. Which one is not in parallel form?
A. Increase sales support staff
B. Decrease overhead
C. Run market test with Group A
D. Don't forget marketing plan

Back 661

D. Don't forget marketing plan

Front 662

Exam: 02800700

6. Which sentence is written in the active voice?
A. Formal clothing must be worn to Kim's wedding.
B. The test will be offered several times this week.
C. We were told to wait until five o'clock for the delivery.
D. Rick and Kate built the house with their own hands.

Back 662

D. Rick and Kate built the house with their own hands.

Front 663

Exam: 02800700

7. Choose the sentence in which the verb has a direct object.
A. I walked away.
B. She is insecure.
C. George was furious.
D. They won the game.

Back 663

D. They won the game.

Front 664

Exam: 02800700

8. Choose the simple subject in the following sentence. The tallest contestant won the prize.
A. tallest
B. won
C. contestant
D. prize

Back 664

C. contestant

Front 665

Exam: 02800700

9. The part of speech that answers the question "which one" is a/an
A. adverb.
B. preposition.
C. conjunction.
D. adjective.

Back 665

D. adjective.

Front 666

Exam: 02800700

10. Which sentence below contains a correctly used modifier in italics?
A. Joe looked sad at his broken bike.
B. He spoke sharply to his sister.
C. I feel badly because I lost the race.
D. The sauce tasted bitterly, and I couldn't swallow it.

Back 666

B. He spoke sharply to his sister.

Front 667

Exam: 02800700

11. Which of the following sentences contains an italicized word that's used as a predicate adjective?
A. Jerry looks disdainfully at the pile of laundry.
B. Jerry looks ill today.
C. Jerry looks at the map.
D. Jerry looks into the microscope.

Back 667

B. Jerry looks ill today.

Front 668

Exam: 02800700

12. In which sentence are the conjunctions used correctly?
A. Mary enjoyed neither roller skating or ice skating.
B. Either Fred nor John knew about the accident.
C. The top award was given to neither Steve or Jim.
D. Neither beauty nor popularity was considered in the contest.

Back 668

D. Neither beauty nor popularity was considered in the contest.

Front 669

Exam: 02800700

13-Which of these is a run-on sentence?
A. I went home and ate and ate.
B. I thought about what he'd said soon I realized he was right.
C. Before lunch, I played volleyball; after lunch, I played again.
D. You and I and the whole team will go.

Back 669

B. I thought about what he'd said soon I realized he was right.

Front 670

Exam: 02800700

14. Which of the following sentences contains two adverbs?
A. Bridget owns a huge black dog.
B. Alana quickly ran across the bridge.
C. Jim finished the paint job very efficiently.
D. Enrique is an extremely talented baseball player.

Back 670

C. Jim finished the paint job very efficiently.

Front 671

Exam: 02800700

15. Choose the sentence in which all pronouns are used correctly.
A. I sat between him and her during the sales conference.
B. I hope she will keep this between she and I.
C. Be sure to divide all income from the suburban property between he and I.
D. Just between you and I, I am not impressed by our new manager.

Back 671

A. I sat between him and her during the sales conference.

Front 672

Exam: 02800700

16. Which one of the following sentences demonstrates correct subject-verb agreement?
A. Robert's friend Steve, as well as his wife, are going to the fair.
B. Elena thinks five dollars are a lot of money.
C. A number of my friends have bought new cars recently.
D. Each of his sisters go to a different school.

Back 672

C. A number of my friends have bought new cars recently.

Front 673

Exam: 02800700

17. Which of the following groups of words is a sentence fragment?
A. When we stopped by the garden.
B. Take the flowers to your mother.
C. We stopped; she didn't.
D. When did you go?

Back 673

A. When we stopped by the garden.

Front 674

Exam: 02800700

18. Which sentence demonstrates correct use of modifiers?
A. Rocco gave snacks to his friends in plastic bags.
B. Startled by the noise, the alarm clock was knocked on the floor.
C. Kendah found a broken glass washing her dishes.
D. Standing on a chair, I was just able to reach the high window.

Back 674

D. Standing on a chair, I was just able to reach the high window.

Front 675

Exam: 02800700

19. Which of the following sentences contains three prepositions?
A. The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dogs.
B. Jamila crept down the stairs, through the hall, and into the kitchen.
C. Ben has done without a car for six months.
D. The boys might have cooperated if they had not been chosen last.

Back 675

B. Jamila crept down the stairs, through the hall, and into the kitchen.

Front 676

Exam: 02800700

20. Select the sentence in which the verb correctly agrees with the subject.
End of exam
A. Les and Miranda is late for work today.
B. Not only the muffler but also the spark plugs need to be replaced.
C. Peggy or Phyllis drive me to Florida every winter.
D. A copy of Moby Dick and a magazine has disappeared from my room.

Back 676

B. Not only the muffler but also the spark plugs need to be replaced.