Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are causes of crew fatigue? |
• Operating in extreme hot or cold weather conditions.• Eye strain from hours of looking through sea-spray blurred windshields.• The effort of holding on and maintaining balance.• Stress.• Exposure to noise.• Exposure to the sun.• Poor physical conditioning.• Lack of sleep.• Boredom.
|
|
|
What are symptoms of crew fatigue?
|
• Inability to focus or concentrate/narrowed attention span.• Mental confusion or judgment error.• Decreased coordination of motor skills and sensory ability (hearing, seeing).• Increased irritability.• Decreased performance.• Decreased concern for safety.
|
|
|
How to prevent crew fatigue?
|
• Adequate rest.• Appropriate dress for weather conditions.• Rotate crew duties.• Provide food and refreshments suitable for conditions.• Observe other crewmembers for signs of fatigue.
|
|
|
What is the definition of motion sickness?
|
Nausea and/or vomiting caused by an imbalance between visual images and the portion of the middle ear that senses motion.
|
|
|
What can cause motion sickness?
|
Mental and physical stress, as well as the rolling or pitching motion of a boat, contributes to motion sickness. Reading chart work, or other tasks that require close attention, will aggravate motion sickness.
|
|
|
What are symptoms of motion sickness?
|
• Nausea and vomiting.• Increased salivation.• Unusual paleness.• Sweating.• Drowsiness.• Overall weakness.• Stomach discomfort.
|
|
|
How to prevent motion sickness
|
• Stay out of confined spaces.• Stay above deck in the fresh air.• Avoid concentrating on the movement of the boat by looking out over the water towardthe horizon or shoreline.• Avoid smoking.
|
|
|
What are the attributes of TCT? |
Leadership Misson analysis Situational awareness Decision making Assertiveness Adaptability Communication |
|
|
What are the three types of bleeding? Describe them.
|
1. Arterial bleeding is characterized by blood that is coming from an artery, is bright red, andgushes forth in jets or spurts that are synchronized with the victim’s pulse. 2. Venous bleeding is characterized by blood that is coming from a vein, is dark red, andcomes in a steady flow. 3. Capillary bleeding is characterized by blood that is coming from damaged capillaries(smaller veins), is bright red, and oozes from the wound. |
|
|
List the different ways on how to control bleeding, starting with the most preferred way of doing it.
|
1. Direct Pressure 2. Pressure Points 3. Elevation 4. Tourniquet |
|
|
If you apply a tourniquet, what else do you need to do to that person? |
Write a "T" on their forehead along with the time/date of which the tourniquet was applied. |
|
|
What are the 3 types of burns and describe them. |
1st degree burns are the mildest form of burns. These burns involve only the outer layer of skin and produce redness, increased warmth, tenderness, and mild pain. 2nd degree burns extend through the outer layers of the skin. These burns involve the inner layers of the skin, but not enough to prevent rapid regeneration. They produce blistersand are characterized by severe pain, redness, and warmth. 3rd -degree burns are those that penetrate the full thickness of the skin, destroying both theouter and inner layers. Severe pain, characteristic of second-degree burns, may be absent because nerve endings have been destroyed. Color may range from white and lifeless to black (charred). |
|
|
How to treat a 1st degree burn
|
• Immerse in cool water until pain is relieved.• Flush chemical burns for at least 20 minutes.• Cover with clean or sterile dressing.
|
|
|
How to treat a 2nd degree burn
|
• Use the same treatment as for first-degree burns.• Do not break open any blisters.• Cover with a dry, sterile, non-adhesive dressing.• For deep second-degree burns, follow the procedures for third degree burns.
|
|
|
How to treat a 3rd degree burn
|
• For third-degree, or deep, second-degree burns:• Cover the burn to reduce exposure to air.• Cool the burn.• Do not remove clothing unless smoldering.• Treat for shock even if not apparent.• Always obtain medical care.• Monitor the patient’s airway.• Assess vital signs every 5 minutes.• Give nothing to eat or drink.• Do not place ice on the burn.• Do not apply ointments to the burn.
|
|
|
What does CPR stand for?
|
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
|
|
|
What is shock syndrome?
|
A depressed physiological or mental state.
|
|
|
What are symptom of shock?
|
• Restlessness.• Fainting.• Thirst.• Nausea.• Weakness.• Anxiousness.• Fright.• Dizziness.
|
|
|
What are causes of shock?
|
• Trauma (bleeding, blunt (e.g., a fall, being struck by a blunt object, etc.), fractures, and burns).• Allergic reactions.• Hypothermia.• Drugs.• Toxins.• Heart attack.• Illnesses such as diabetes.• Emotional.
|
|
|
What are signs of shock?
|
• Pulse - weak and rapid.• Breathing - shallow, rapid, and irregular.• Skin - cold, clammy (sweating).• Pupils – dilated.• State of consciousness - alert (may be deceiving) to unconscious.
|
|
|
How to treat shock
|
• Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), if indicated and trained to provide.• Warm with blankets. If hot, do not warm.• If conscious, moisten lips, if requested.• Do not allow patient to eat or drink.• Never give alcohol.• Handle gently.
|
|
|
What is Anaphylactic Shock?
|
A rapid, extreme allergic reaction.
|
|
|
What are symptoms of Anaphylactic Shock?
|
• Skin: itching, hives (raised rash), flushing (redness).• Swelling of lips, tongue, feet, throat, hands.• Respiratory tract: wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing.• Gastrointestinal: nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea.• Headache.• Altered mental status.• Loss of consciousness.
|
|
|
What is the definition of hypothermia?
|
The lowering of the inner core body temperature.
|
|
|
What are symptoms of hypothermia?
|
• Pale appearance.• Skin cold to the touch.• Pupils are dilated and will not adjust properly when exposed to light.• Poor coordination.• Slurred speech / appears to be intoxicated.• Incoherent thinking.• Unconsciousness.• Muscle rigidity.• Weak pulse.• Very slow and labored breathing.• Irregular heart beat.Also may or may not be shivering depending on what stage they are in.
|
|
|
How to treat for hypothermia
|
Treat for shock. Remove wet clothes to a minimal layer of 1 set. wrap in blankets to slowly warm the person up. Do not give food or drink. Do not elevate legs because that will make cold blood go to the heart.
|
|
|
What does HELP stand for and what are the positions?
|
Heat Escape Lessening Position
Individual position: arms crossed and knees brought to the chest. Group positioning: Huddle together. Each individual has their arms crossed and legs crossed individually but close together. |
|
|
Describe the CG 1 Strobe/distress light.
|
Flashes 50-70x per minute
Lasts 9 hrs continuously 18 hrs intermittently100,000 candlepower can be seen for 5 miles on a clear night |
|
|
What does PLB stand for and what is it's use? What channels does it transmit on?
|
Personal Locator Beacon. Personal transmitter capable of broadcasting on both 406 MHz and 121.5MHz.
|
|
|
Describe the MK 127 Parachute Illumination Signal.
|
Altitude 650-700 ftProduces white star flare that burns for 30 seconds
Descends 10 to 15 ft per second125,000 candlepower |
|
|
Describe the signal whistle
|
may be heard up to 1,100 yds or 1000 meters.There is no ball inside the whistle.
|
|
|
Describe the MK 124.
|
Day and night side.Day side is an orange smoke.Night side is a red flare. This side also has two ridges on it.Lasts for 20 seconds.
|
|
|
Describe the Illumination Signal Kit, MK-79.
|
Has 7 MK 8 red flares that burn for 4.5 seconds each.Contains one MK 31 pencil type projector.12,000 candlepower.Altitude of 250-650 ft
|
|
|
Describe the signal mirror and how to use it
|
Can be seen at great distances.1 Face a point about halfway between the sun and an object you wish to signal.2 Reflect sunlight from the mirror onto a nearby surface such as the raft, your hand, etc.3 Slowly bring the mirror up to eye-level and look through the sighting hole.You will see a bright light spot, this is the aim indicator.4 Hold the mirror near your eye and slowly turn and manipulate it so the brightlight spot is on target.
|
|
|
What is heeling?
|
the underwater volume of the boat changes shape causing the center of buoyancy to move.
|
|
|
what is listing?
|
If the center of gravity is not on the centerline of the boat, the boat will heel until equilibrium is reached with the center of buoyancy and center of gravity in alignment.
|
|
|
What is yawing?
|
Boat leaning from one side to the other over the water.
|
|
|
What is the center of gravity?
|
The point at which the weight of the boat acts vertically downwards.
|
|
|
What is bouyancy?
|
The upward force of water displaced by the hull.
|
|
|
What is the center of bouyancy?
|
The center of gravity of displaced water.
|
|
|
What is equilibrium and what is it affected by?
|
When a boat is at rest, the center of buoyancy acting upwards/vertically is below the center of gravity acting downwards.affected by movement of the center of gravity or center of buoyancy or by some outside forces, such as wind and waves.
|
|
|
What is rolling?
|
The force of the center of gravity will move in the same direction as the roll. The downward force of gravity is offset by the upward force of buoyancy
|
|
|
What are the different types of stability? Describe each.
|
• Longitudinal: stability tends to balance the boat, preventing it from pitching end-over-end (pitch poling).
• Transverse: (athwartships) stability tends to keep the boat from rolling over (capsizing). |
|
|
What are two forces that affect stability? Describe them.
|
Dynamic: are caused by actions outside the hull such as wind and waves.
Static: caused by placement of weight within the hull. |
|
|
Describe a planing hull.
|
Displaces water around the boat at rest.Hull lifts up onto the surface of the water.Once “on-plane,” the power/speed ratio is considerably altered-very little power increase results in a large increase in speed.
|
|
|
Describe a displacement hull.
|
Boat pushes away (displaces) water allowing the hull to settle down into the water. Underway, the hull pushes out this water, creating waves.
|
|
|
Describe a semi displacement hull.
|
A combination of characteristics of the displacement hull and the planing hull.
|
|
|
What is a keel?
|
The backbone of the boat.
|
|
|
What are two types of keels? Describe them.
|
Bar keel: Popular because its stiffeners (vertical or upright members which increase strength) protect the boat’s hull plating if the boat grounds on a hard bottom.
Flate Plate Keel: Has a plate that is perpendicular to the centerline of the hull. |
|
|
What are the common nav lights displayed by ships and boats and their arcs of visibility/color?
|
Port: Red 112.5 degrees Starboard: Green 112.5 degrees Stern light: white 135 degrees Anchor light: white 360 degrees Towing lights: yellow 135 degrees sailboat mast headlight: white 225 degrees |
|
|
yellow over white
|
towing at night |
|
|
green over white
|
trawling at night
|
|
|
red over white
|
Fishing at night.
Day shape is 2 cones apexes together. |
|
|
Red over red
|
Not under command.
Day shape is 2 balls |
|
|
Red white Red
|
Restricted ability to maneuver. Day shape is ball diamond ball.
|
|
|
White over red
|
Vessel engaged in piloting.
|
|
|
Aground vessel displays...
|
2 all round red lights in a vertical line as well as anchor lights. Day shape is 3 balls. |
|
|
Anchored day shape is what?
|
1 ball.
|
|
|
Named at least six of the 17 accepted maritime distress signals. |
Red star shells continuous sounding fog horn flames on a vessel gun fired at intervals of 1 minute or so range background black ball and square SOS MAYDAY over the radio Parachute flare dye marker of any color code november over charlie flag square flag and black ball waving arms Radio telegraph alarm Radio telephone alarm EPIRB Smoke High intensity flashing light (Inland only) |
|
|
What is mainly required of a boat crew member?
|
Lookout watch Tow watch Anchor watch Administer first aidLine Handling Surface swimmer Helm watch Operate DC Equipment |
|
|
"Helmsman, right/left standard rudder"
|
Move the helm to the right/left until the helm angle indicator is right//left 15 degrees.
|
|
|
"Helmsman, right/left full rudder"
|
Move the helm to th right/left until the helm angle indicator is right/left 30 degrees.
|
|
|
"Helmsman, head right/left rudder" |
Move the helm to the right/left until the helm angle indicator is right/left 35 degrees. |
|
|
"Helmsman, ease your rudder"
|
Move the helm to the right/left to half the current degrees you have.
|
|
|
"Helmsman, shift your rudder" |
Move the helm angle indicator to the opposite of your current rudder |
|
|
"Helmsman rudder amidships" |
Move the helm angle indicator from the previous command to 0. |
|
|
"Helmsman meet her"
|
reduce your rudder to slow or stop the swing
|
|
|
"Helmsman steady as you go"
|
Look at your compass ,steady and steer the given course. |
|
|
"Helmsman mark your head"
|
Helmsman will sound off with the ship's heading at the time the command was given. |
|
|
What is dead reckoning?
|
True or magnetic course steering and using speed to determine distance traveled from a known point in a known period. |
|
|
What is variation?
|
the difference between true and magnetic north for the particular area covered by the chart, is printed in the middle of the compass rose (as well as any annual change). |
|
|
Where is true direction shown? |
printed around the outside of the compass rose. |
|
|
Where magnetic direction shown? |
printed around the inside of the compass rose.
|
|
|
What is deviation and what causes it?
|
The amount of deflection influenced by a vessel and its electronics on the compass.• Metal objects around the compass.• Electrical motors.• The boat itself. |
|
|
Drescribe an ALPHA fire
|
Burning wood, paper, etc. Extinguish with CO2, PKP, or water.
|
|
|
Describe a BRAVO fire.
|
Burning fuel, gas, oil etc. Extinguish with PKP.
|
|
|
Describe a CHARLIE fire.
|
Burning electrical. Extinguish with CO2 or PKP (last resort).
|
|
|
Describe a DELTA fire.
|
Burning metals or pyro. Extinguish with Jettison (sand) or water.
|
|
|
short blast: |
1-3 seconds
1 blast I'll keep u on my port. response in kind 2 - intend to leave u on starboard. answered in kind 3 - Im in reverse propulsion. No response 5 danger |
|
|
Prolonged blast |
4-6 seconds. Also means Underway making way. |
|
|
Danger signal. |
5 or more short blasts and rapid blasts on the whistle. |
|
|
Describe the type of PFD |
|
|
|
Throw a clove hitch |
|
|
|
Throw a 2 half hitch |
|
|
|
Throw a becket bend |
|
|
|
Throw a clove hitch |
|
|
|
Name the pressure points |
|
|
|
how do you escape from a capsized boat? |
Locate an exit route and referencepoints from the compartment to open water.• PFDs may have to be removed temporarily for people to fit through spaces or to gounderwater to reach an exit. If necessary, tie a line to the PFD and pull it out afterexiting.• Swim underwater through the exit and out from the boat. If a line is available, the bestswimmer should exit first through a cabin door or window, carrying the line. If no lineis available, have the best swimmer go first, followed by a poorer swimmer and lastly agood swimmer. |
|
|
What is MarkingChannel Junctionor Bifurcation |
Red and green, or green and red, horizontally banded buoys and beacons are calledpreferred-channel marks. They are used to indicate a channel junction or bifurcation (pointwhere a channel divides or where two tributaries meet). They may also mark wrecks orobstructions and may be passed on either side. When returning from sea, and the topmostband is:• Green: keep the aid to port to follow the preferred channel.• Red: keep the aid to starboard to follow the preferred channel. |
|
|
What is a range? |
Ranges are pairs of beacons located to define a line down the center of a channel or harborentrance. They are usually lighted and arranged so that one mark is behind and higher thanthe other mark. When both markers of the range are in line, a vessel’s position is along aknown LOP. |
|
|
What are cylindrical bouys? |
often referred to as “can buoys,” are unlighted AtoN. When used as alateral mark, they indicate the left side of a channel or of the preferred channel whenreturning from seaward. They are painted solid green or have green and red horizontalbands; the topmost band is always green. Can buoys are also used as unlighted specialmarks and will be colored based on their use. |
|
|
What are Conical buoys? |
often referred to as “nun buoys,” are unlighted AtoN. When used as a lateralmark, nun buoys indicate the right side of a channel or of the preferred channel whenreturning from seaward. They are painted solid red or red and green with horizontal bandsand always with a red topmost band. Nun buoys are also used as unlighted special marksand will be colored based on their use. |
|
|
What are Safe water marks. |
Safe er marks are buoys with alternating red and white vertical stripes, and beacons withred and white vertically striped dayboards. (see Figure 13-5) They also mark a midchanwatnel,fairway, channel approach points and the “In” and “Out” channels of a “TrafficSeparation Scheme.” If lighted, they will display a whitelight with the characteristic Morse Code “A”. Safe water buoys (lighted or not) should befitted with a red sphere as a visually distinctive top mark. Safe water marks are not laterallysignificant.
|
|
|
What are Daybeacons? |
Daybeacons are unlighted fixed structures fitted with a dayboard for daytime identification.To increase their visibility in darkness, dayboards are fitted with retroreflective material. Daybeacons are built on different types of structures:• Single pile with a dayboard on the top.• Multi-pile structure.• Tower.• Structure of masonry or steel. |
|
|
What are special markings for the Intercoastal waterway? |
Special markings consisting of yellow squares and triangles are used so that vessels mayreadily follow the ICW.•
The yellow square shows that the aid should be kept on the left side when travelingnorth to south/east to west. • The yellow triangle shows that the aid should be kept on the right side when travelingnorth to south/east to west. • Non-lateral aids in the ICW, such as ranges and safe-water marks, are marked with ayellow horizontal band. |
