Uscg Boat Crew

Front 1

What are causes of crew fatigue?

Back 1

• Operating in extreme hot or cold weather conditions.
• Eye strain from hours of looking through sea-spray blurred windshields.
• The effort of holding on and maintaining balance.
• Stress.
• Exposure to noise.
• Exposure to the sun.
• Poor physical conditioning.
• Lack of sleep.
• Boredom.

Front 2

What are symptoms of crew fatigue?

Back 2

• Inability to focus or concentrate/narrowed attention span.
• Mental confusion or judgment error.
• Decreased coordination of motor skills and sensory ability (hearing, seeing).
• Increased irritability.
• Decreased performance.
• Decreased concern for safety.

Front 3

How to prevent crew fatigue

Back 3

• Adequate rest.
• Appropriate dress for weather conditions.
• Rotate crew duties.
• Provide food and refreshments suitable for conditions.
• Observe other crewmembers for signs of fatigue.

Front 4

What is the definition of motion sickness?

Back 4

Nausea and/or vomiting caused by an imbalance between visual images and the portion of the middle ear that senses motion.

Front 5

What can cause motion sickness?

Back 5

Mental and physical stress, as well as the rolling or pitching motion of a boat, contributes to motion sickness. Reading chart work, or other tasks that require close attention, will aggravate motion sickness.

Front 6

What are symptoms of motion sickness?

Back 6

• Nausea and vomiting.
• Increased salivation.
• Unusual paleness.
• Sweating.
• Drowsiness.
• Overall weakness.
• Stomach discomfort.

Front 7

How to prevent motion sickness

Back 7

• Stay out of confined spaces.
• Stay above deck in the fresh air.
• Avoid concentrating on the movement of the boat by looking out over the water toward
the horizon or shoreline.
• Avoid smoking.

Front 8

What is TCT

Back 8

Leadership
Misson analysis
Situational awareness
Decision making
Assertiveness
Adaptability
Communication

Front 9

What are the three types of bleeding? Describe them.

Back 9

1. Arterial bleeding is characterized by blood that is coming from an artery, is bright red, and
gushes forth in jets or spurts that are synchronized with the victim’s pulse.
2. Venous bleeding is characterized by blood that is coming from a vein, is dark red, and
comes in a steady flow.
3. Capillary bleeding is characterized by blood that is coming from damaged capillaries
(smaller veins), is bright red, and oozes from the wound.

Front 10

List the different ways on how to control bleeding, starting with the most preferred way of doing it.

Back 10

1. Direct Pressure
2. Pressure Points
3. Elevation
4. Tourniquet

Front 11

If you apply a tourniquet, what else do you need to do to that person?

Back 11

Write a "T" on their forehead along with the time/date of which the tourniquet was applied.

Front 12

What are the 3 types of burns and describe them.

Back 12

1st degree burns are the mildest form of burns. These burns involve only the outer layer of
skin and produce redness, increased warmth, tenderness, and mild pain.
2nd degree burns extend through the outer layers of the skin. These burns involve the
inner layers of the skin, but not enough to prevent rapid regeneration. They produce blisters
and are characterized by severe pain, redness, and warmth.
3rd -degree burns are those that penetrate the full thickness of the skin, destroying both the
outer and inner layers. Severe pain, characteristic of second-degree burns, may be absent
because nerve endings have been destroyed. Color may range from white and lifeless to
black (charred).

Front 13

How to treat a 1st degree burn

Back 13

• Immerse in cool water until pain is relieved.
• Flush chemical burns for at least 20 minutes.
• Cover with clean or sterile dressing.

Front 14

How to treat a 2nd degree burn

Back 14

• Use the same treatment as for first-degree burns.
• Do not break open any blisters.
• Cover with a dry, sterile, non-adhesive dressing.
• For deep second-degree burns, follow the procedures for thirddegree
burns.

Front 15

How to treat a 3rd degree burn

Back 15

• For third-degree, or deep, second-degree burns:
• Cover the burn to reduce exposure to air.
• Cool the burn.
• Do not remove clothing unless smoldering.
• Treat for shock even if not apparent.
• Always obtain medical care.
• Monitor the patient’s airway.
• Assess vital signs every 5 minutes.
• Give nothing to eat or drink.
• Do not place ice on the burn.
• Do not apply ointments to the burn.

Front 16

What does CPR stand for?

Back 16

Cardiopulmonary Resusitation

Front 17

What is shock syndrome?

Back 17

A depressed physiological or mental state.

Front 18

What are symptom of shock?

Back 18

• Restlessness.
• Fainting.
• Thirst.
• Nausea.
• Weakness.
• Anxiousness.
• Fright.
• Dizziness.

Front 19

What are causes of shock?

Back 19

• Trauma (bleeding, blunt (e.g., a fall, being struck by a blunt object, etc.), fractures, and
burns).
• Allergic reactions.
• Hypothermia.
• Drugs.
• Toxins.
• Heart attack.
• Illnesses such as diabetes.
• Emotional.

Front 20

What are signs of shock?

Back 20

• Pulse - weak and rapid.
• Breathing - shallow, rapid, and irregular.
• Skin - cold, clammy (sweating).
• Pupils – dilated.
• State of consciousness - alert (may be deceiving) to unconscious.

Front 21

How to treat shock

Back 21

• Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), if indicated and trained to provide.
• Warm with blankets. If hot, do not warm.
• If conscious, moisten lips, if requested.
• Do not allow patient to eat or drink.
• Never give alcohol.
• Handle gently.

Front 22

What is Anaphylactic Shock?

Back 22

A rapid, extreme allergic reation.

Front 23

What are symptoms of Anaphylactic Shock?

Back 23

• Skin: itching, hives (raised rash), flushing (redness).
• Swelling of lips, tongue, feet, throat, hands.
• Respiratory tract: wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing.
• Gastrointestinal: nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea.
• Headache.
• Altered mental status.
• Loss of consciousness.

Front 24

What is the definition of hypothermia?

Back 24

The lowering of the inner core body temperature.

Front 25

What are symptoms of hypothermia?

Back 25

• Pale appearance.
• Skin cold to the touch.
• Pupils are dilated and will not adjust properly when exposed to light.
• Poor coordination.
• Slurred speech / appears to be intoxicated.
• Incoherent thinking.
• Unconsciousness.
• Muscle rigidity.
• Weak pulse.
• Very slow and labored breathing.
• Irregular heart beat.
Also may or may not be shivering depending on what stage they are in.

Front 26

How to treat for hypothermia

Back 26

Treat for shock. Remove wet clothes to a minimal layer of 1 set. wrap in blankets to slowly warm the person up. Do not give food or drink. Do not elevate legs because that will make cold blood go to the heart.

Front 27

What does HELP stand for and what are the positions?

Back 27

Heat Escape Lessening Position
Individual position: arms crossed and knees brought to the chest.
Group positioning: Huddle together. Each individual has their arms crossed and legs crossed individually but close together.

Front 28

Describe the CG 1 Strobe/distress light.

Back 28

Flashes 50-70x per minute
Lasts 9 hrs continuously 18 hrs intermittently
100,000 candlepower
can be seen for 5 miles on a clear night

Front 29

What does PLB stand for and what is it's use? What channels does it transmit on?

Back 29

Personal Locator Beacon.
Personal transmitter capable of broadcasting on both 406 MHz and 121.5
MHz.

Front 30

Describe the MK 127 Parachute Illumination Signal.

Back 30

Altitude 650-700 ft
Produces white star flare that burns for 30 seconds
Descends 10 to 15 ft per second
125,000 candlepower

Front 31

Describe the signal whistle

Back 31

may be heard up to 1,100 yds or 1000 meters.
There is no ball inside the whistle.

Front 32

Describe the MK 124.

Back 32

Day and night side.
Day side is an orange smoke.
Night side is a red flare. This side also has two ridges on it.
Lasts for 20 seconds.

Front 33

Describe the Illumination Signal Kit, MK-79.

Back 33

Has 7 MK 8 red flares that burn for 4.5 seconds each.
Contains one MK 31 pencil type projector.
12,000 candlepower.
Altitude of 250-650 ft

Front 34

Describe the signal mirror and how to use it

Back 34

Can be seen at great distances.
1 Face a point about halfway between the sun and an object you wish to signal.
2 Reflect sunlight from the mirror onto a nearby surface such as the raft, your
hand, etc.
3 Slowly bring the mirror up to eye-level and look through the sighting hole.
You will see a bright light spot, this is the aim indicator.
4 Hold the mirror near your eye and slowly turn and manipulate it so the bright
light spot is on target.

Front 35

What is heeling?

Back 35

the underwater volume of the boat changes shape causing the center of buoyancy
to move.

Front 36

what is listing?

Back 36

If the center of gravity is not on the centerline of the boat, the boat will heel until equilibrium is reached with the center of buoyancy and center of gravity in alignment.

Front 37

What is yawing?

Back 37

Boat leaning from one side to the other over the water.

Front 38

What is the center of gravity?

Back 38

The point at which the weight of the boat acts vertically downwards.

Front 39

What is bouyancy?

Back 39

The upward force of water displaced by the hull.

Front 40

What is the center of bouyancy?

Back 40

The center of gravity of displaced water.

Front 41

What is equilibrium and what is it affected by?

Back 41

When a boat is at rest, the center of buoyancy acting upwards/vertically is below the center
of gravity acting downwards.
affected by movement of the center of gravity or center of buoyancy or by
some outside forces, such as wind and waves.

Front 42

What is rolling?

Back 42

The force of the center of gravity will move in the same direction as the
roll. The downward force of gravity is offset by the upward force of buoyancy

Front 43

What are the different types of stability? Describe each.

Back 43

• Longitudinal: stability tends to balance the boat, preventing it from pitching
end-over-end (pitch poling).
• Transverse: (athwartships) stability tends to keep the boat from rolling over (capsizing).

Front 44

What are two forces that affect stability? Describe them.

Back 44

Dynamic: are caused by actions outside the hull such as wind and waves.
Static: caused by placement of weight within the hull.

Front 45

Describe a planing hull.

Back 45

Displaces water around the boat at rest.
Hull lifts up onto the surface of the water.
Once “on-plane,” the power/speed ratio is considerably altered-very little power increase results in a large increase in speed.

Front 46

Describe a displacement hull.

Back 46

Boat pushes away (displaces) water allowing the hull to settle down into
the water. Underway, the hull pushes out this water, creating waves.

Front 47

Describe a semi displacement hull.

Back 47

A combination of characteristics of the displacement hull and the planing hull.

Front 48

What is a keel?

Back 48

The backbone of the boat.

Front 49

What are two types of keels? Describe them.

Back 49

Bar keel: Popular because its stiffeners (vertical or upright members which increase strength) protect the boat’s hull plating if the boat grounds on a hard bottom.
Flate Plate Keel: Has a plate that is perpendicular to the centerline of the hull.

Front 50

What are the common nav lights displayed by ships and boats and their arcs of visibility/color?

Back 50

Port: Red 112.5 degrees
Starboard: Green 112.5 degrees
Stern light: white 135 degrees
Anchor light: white 360 degrees
Towing lights: yellow 135 degrees
sailboat mast headlight: white 225 degrees

Front 51

yellow over white

Back 51

towing at night

Front 52

green over white

Back 52

trawling at night

Front 53

red over white

Back 53

Fishing at night. Day shape is 2 cones apexes together.

Front 54

Red over red

Back 54

Not under command. Day shape is 2 balls

Front 55

Red white Red

Back 55

Restricted ability to manuever. Day shape is ball diamond ball.

Front 56

White over red

Back 56

Vessel engaged in piloting.

Front 57

Aground vessel displays...

Back 57

2 all round red lights in a vertical lin as well as anchor lights. Day shape is 3 balls.

Front 58

Anchored day shape is what?

Back 58

1 ball.

Front 59

What are the distress signals?

Back 59

Red star shells
continuous sounding fog horn
flames on a vessel
gun fired at intervals of 1 minute or so
orange background black ball and square
SOS
MAYDAY over the radio
Parachute flare
dye marker of any color
code november over charlie flag
square flag and black ball
waving arms
Radio telegraph alarm
Radio telephone alarm
EPIRB
Smoke
High intensity flashing light (Inland only)

Front 60

What is mainly required of a boat crew member?

Back 60

Lookout watch
Tow watch
Anchor watch
Administer first aid
Line Handling
Surface swimmer
Helm watch
Operate DC Equipment

Front 61

"Helmsman, right/left standard rudder"

Back 61

Move the helm to the right/left until the helm angle indicator is right//left 15 degrees.

Front 62

"Helmsman, right/left full rudder"

Back 62

Move the helm to th right/left until the helm angle indicator is right/left 30 degrees.

Front 63

"Helmsman, had right/left rudder"

Back 63

Move the helm to the right/left until the helm angle indicator is right/left 35 degrees.

Front 64

"Helmsman, ease your rudder"

Back 64

Move the helm to the right/left to half the current degrees you have.

Front 65

"Helmsman, shift your rudder"

Back 65

Mve the helm angle indicator to the opposite of your current rudder

Front 66

"Helmsman rudder amidships"

Back 66

Move the helm angle indicator from the previous command to 0.

Front 67

"Helmsman meet her"

Back 67

reduce your rudder to slow or stop the swing

Front 68

"Helmsman steady as you go"

Back 68

Look at your compass steady and steer the given course.

Front 69

"Helmsman mark your head"

Back 69

Helmsman will sound off with the ship's heading at the time the command was given.

Front 70

What is dead reckoning?

Back 70

True or magnetic course steering and using speed to determine distance traveled from a known point in a known period.

Front 71

What is variation?

Back 71

the difference between true and magnetic north for the particular area covered by
the chart, is printed in the middle of the compass rose (as well as any annual change).

Front 72

What is true direction?

Back 72

printed around the outside of the compass rose.

Front 73

What is magnetic direction?

Back 73

printed around the inside of the compass rose.

Front 74

What is deviation and what causes it?

Back 74

The amount of deflection influenced by a vessel and its electronics on the compass.
• Metal objects around the compass.
• Electrical motors.
• The boat itself.

Front 75

Drescribe an ALPHA fire

Back 75

Burning wood, paper, etc. Extinguish with CO2, PKP, or water.

Front 76

Describe a BRAVO fire.

Back 76

Burning fuel, gas, oil etc. Extinguish with PKP.

Front 77

Describe a CHARLIE fire.

Back 77

Burning electrical. Extinguish with CO2 or PKP (last resort).

Front 78

Describe a DELTA fire.

Back 78

Burning metals or pyro. Extinguish with Jettison (sand) or water.

Front 79

One short blast:

Back 79

about 1 second. Also means altering course to starboard (international) or I intend to leave you on my port side (inland).

Front 80

1 Prolonged blast

Back 80

4-6 seconds. Also means Underway making way.

Front 81

2 short blasts

Back 81

mean altering course to port (international) or I intend to leave you to my starboard side (inland). Overtaking port side (inland).

Front 82

3 short blasts

Back 82

means operating astern propulsion

Front 83

prolong prolong short

Back 83

overtaking starboard side

Front 84

Danger signal.

Back 84

5 or more short blasts and rapid blasts on the whistle.

Front 85

2 prolonged

Back 85

underway NOT making way

Front 86

1 prolong 2 short

Back 86

Constrained by draft
Engaged in fishing
Not under command
Towing
Engaged in trawling
Restricted ability to manuever
Sailing

Front 87

1 prolong 3 short

Back 87

manned vessel being towed.

Front 88

1 prolonged 4 short

Back 88

underway making way engaged in pilot duties

Front 89

2 prolong 4 short

Back 89

underway NOT making way engaged in pilot duties.