Usa History Fall Final

Front 1

Alexander Graham Bell

Back 1

Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone.

Front 2

Alliance System

Back 2

a formal agreement or treaty between two or more nations to cooperate for specific purposes

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Andrew Carnegie

Back 3

An American industrial leader of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Carnegie, a self-made man, immigrated to the United States from Scotland without money and made millions in the steel industry.

Front 4

Angel Island

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From January 21, 1910 –November 5, 1940, Angel Island was an immigration station where immigrants entering the United States were detained and interrogated. The Angel Island Immigration Station, located in San Francisco Bay, California, is rich in history and has served multiple purposes.

Front 5

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Back 5

An Austrian prince, heir to the throne, whose assassination in Sarajevo in 1914 set off World War I.

Front 6

Bessemer Process

Back 6

a steel-making process, now largely superseded, in which carbon, silicon, and other impurities are removed from molten pig iron by oxidation in a blast of air in a special tilting retort (a Bessemer converter ).

Front 7

Boosterism

Back 7

the enthusiastic promotion of a person, organization, or cause.

Front 8

Booker T. Washington

Back 8

An African-American educator of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, who headed Tuskegee Institute, a college for African-Americans in Alabama.

Front 9

Boss Tweed

Back 9

William Magear Tweed (April 3, 1823 – April 12, 1878)—often erroneously referred to as "William Marcy Tweed" (see below), and widely known as "Boss" Tweed—was an American politician most notable for being the "boss" of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in the politics of 19th Century.

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Boxer Rebellion

Back 10

In 1900, in what became known as the Boxer Rebellion (or the Boxer Uprising), a Chinese secret organization called the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists led an uprising in northern China against the spread of Western and Japanese influence there.

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British Blockade

Back 11

The Blockade of Germany, or the Blockade of Europe, occurred from 1914 to 1919. It was a prolonged naval operation conducted by the Allied Powers during and after World War I in an effort to restrict the maritime supply of goods to the Central Powers, which included Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey.

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Chinese Exclusion Act

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The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882. It was one of the most significant restrictions on free immigration in US history, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers.

Front 13

Civil Service

Back 13

the permanent professional branches of a government's administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected politicians.

Front 14

Collective Bargaining

Back 14

negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by an organized body of employees.

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Convoy System

Back 15

The convoy system, which can be defined as a group of merchant vessels sailing together, with or without naval escort, for mutual security and protection, has a much longer history than sometimes suggested.

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Culture Shock

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the feeling of disorientation experienced by someone who is suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar culture, way of life, or set of attitudes.Translate culture shock to

Front 17

Daylight Savings Time

Back 17

time as adjusted to achieve longer evening daylight, especially in summer, by setting the clocks an hour ahead of the standard time.

Front 18

Ellis Island

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Island in the harbor of New York City, southwest of Manhattan. Note: From 1892 to 1954, it served as the prime immigration station of the country. Some twelve million immigrants passed through it during this time.

Front 19

Espionage and Sedition Acts

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he Espionage and Sedition Acts made it a crime to interfere with the operations of the military to promote the success of its enemies and prohibited many forms of speech perceived as disloyal to the United States of America. The Espionage Act of 1917 was enacted on June 15, 1917.

Front 20

Eugene V. Debs

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A political leader of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Debs was five times the presidential candidate of the Socialist party. He was imprisoned in the 1890s for illegally encouraging a railway strike; Clarence Darrow was his defense attorney.

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Excise Taxes

Back 21

Excise taxes are taxes paid when purchases are made on a specific good, such as gasoline. Excise taxes are often included in the price of the product. There are also excise taxes on activities, such as on wagering or on highway usage by trucks.

Front 22

Federal Reserve Bank

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The central bank of the United States and the most powerful financial institution in the world. The Federal Reserve Bank was founded by the U.S. Congress in 1913 to provide the nation with a safe, flexible and stable monetary and financial system.

Front 23

Four Minute Men

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The Four Minute Men were a group of volunteers authorized by the US President Woodrow Wilson, to give four-minute speeches on topics given to them by The Committee on Public Information.

Front 24

Fourteen Points Plan

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Fourteen Points definition. Fourteen goals of the United States in the peace negotiations after World War I. President Woodrow Wilson announced the Fourteen Points to Congress in early 1918.

Front 25

Germany

Back 25

The main enemy in WWI. A country in central Europe.

Front 26

Gaft

Back 26

practices, especially bribery, used to secure illicit gains in politics or business; corruption.

Front 27

Grandfather Clause

Back 27

a clause exempting certain classes of people or things from the requirements of a piece of legislation affecting their previous rights, privileges, or practices.

Front 28

Great Migration

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The Great Migration was the movement of 6 million African-Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1910 and 1970.

Front 29

Great White Fleet

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The Great White Fleet was a sixteen battleship fleet that sailed on a world voyage from December 16, 1907 - February 22, 1909. Its primary purpose was to showcase American naval power.

Front 30

Henry Ford

Back 30

Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production.

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Horizontal Consolidation

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In horizontal consolidation, a firm buys its competitors. It buys other companies that make the same sorts of products so that it increases its market share and decreases its competition. By contrast, vertical consolidation involves buying firms up or down the supply chain.

Front 32

Industrial Nation

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A developed country, industrialized country, or "more economically developed country" (MEDC), is a sovereign state that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.

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Industrial Revolution

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The rapid development of industry that occurred in Britain in the late 18th and 19th centuries, brought about by the introduction of machinery. It was characterized by the use of steam power, the growth of factories, and the mass production of manufactured goods.

Front 34

Immigrants

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a person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country.

Front 35

Imperialism

Back 35

a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Front 36

Interrupter Gear

Back 36

A synchronization gear, or a gun synchronizer, sometimes rather less accurately referred to as an interrupter, is attached to the armament of a single-engined tractor-type aircraft so it can fire through the arc of its spinning propeller without bullets striking the blades.

Front 37

Jane Addams

Back 37

Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 – May 21, 1935) was a pioneer American settlement activist/reformer, social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace.

Front 38

Jim Crow

Back 38

the former practice of segregating black people in the US.

Front 39

Joseph Pulitzer

Back 39

was a Hungarian-American newspaper publisher of the St. Louis Post Dispatch and the New York World. Pulitzer introduced the techniques of yellow journalism to the newspapers he acquired in the 1880s.

Front 40

John D. Rockefeller

Back 40

An American businessman of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; a founder of the Standard Oil Company. Rockefeller was the richest man in the world at his retirement and was noted for founding many charitable organizations.

Front 41

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Back 41

was the last German Emperor (Kaiser) and King of Prussia, ruling the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918.

Front 42

Kickback

Back 42

a payment made to someone who has facilitated a transaction or appointment, especially illicitly.

Front 43

Knights of Labor

Back 43

a member of a 19th century secret labor organization formed in 1869 to secure and maintain the rights of workingmen in respect to their relations to their employers.

Front 44

Liberty Measles

Back 44

German measles became "liberty measles",

Front 45

Literacy Test

Back 45

Literacy test is a test that determines the qualification of a voter based on his/her his ability to read and write or ability to read and understand any section of the State or Federal Constitution. Initially, the test was implemented by the federal government first employed as part of the immigration process.

Front 46

Lusitania

Back 46

a British luxury liner sunk by a German submarine in the North Atlantic on May 7, 1915: one of the events leading to U.S. entry into World War I. 2. an ancient region and Roman province in the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding generally to modern Portugal. Lusitanian, adjective, noun.

Front 47

Melting Pot

Back 47

a place where different peoples, styles, theories, etc., are mixed together.

Front 48

Meat Inspection Act

Back 48

The Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 (FMIA) is an American law that makes it a crime to adulterate or misbrand meat and meat products being sold as food, and ensures that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions.

Front 49

Militarism

Back 49

the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

Front 50

Monopolies

Back 50

the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.

Front 51

Muckrakers

Back 51

Meaning "one who inquires into and publishes scandal and allegations of corruption among political and business leaders," popularized 1906 in speech by President Theodore Roosevelt, in reference to "man ... with a Muckrake in his hand" in Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress" (1684) who seeks worldly gain by raking filth.

Front 52

NAACP

Back 52

he NAACP, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, is a civil rights organization founded in 1909 to fight prejudice, lynching, and Jim Crow segregation, and to work for the betterment of "people of color." W. E.B.

Front 53

Nationalism

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an extreme form of this, especially marked by a feeling of superiority over other countries.

Front 54

Nativism

Back 54

the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.

Front 55

Natural Resources

Back 55

materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain.

Front 56

Patronage

Back 56

the power to control appointments to office or the right to privileges.

Front 57

Panama Canal

Back 57

Waterway across the Isthmus of Panama. The canal connects the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The United States built it from 1904 to 1914 on territory leased from Panama.

Front 58

Pendleton Act

Back 58

The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act (ch. 27, 22 Stat. 403) is a United States federal law, enacted in 1883, which established that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation.

Front 59

Plessy Vs. Ferguson

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Plessy v. Ferguson is a U.S. Supreme Court case from 1896 that upheld the rights of states to pass laws allowing or even requiring racial segregation in public and private institutions such as schools, public transportation, restrooms, and restaurants.

Front 60

Political Machine

Back 60

A political machine is a political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts.

Front 61

Poll Tax

Back 61

a tax levied on every adult, without reference to income or resources

Front 62

Puerto Rico

Back 62

A country now in the USA as a territory

Front 63

Pure Food and Drug Act

Back 63

An Act— For preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, and for other purposes.

Front 64

Prohibition

Back 64

the action of forbidding something, especially by law. In specific reference to the restriction of alcohol.

Front 65

Propaganda

Back 65

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

Front 66

Protectorate

Back 66

A state that is controlled and protected by another.

Front 67

reparations

Back 67

the compensation for war damage paid by a defeated state.

Front 68

Rough Riders

Back 68

a member of the cavalry unit in which Theodore Roosevelt fought during the Spanish-American War.

Front 69

Samuel Gompers

Back 69

Was an English-born, American labor union leader and a key figure in American labor history. Gompers founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL), and served as the organization's president from 1886 to 1894 and from 1895 until his death in 1924.

Front 70

Scabs

Back 70

Informally, a worker who stays on the job while others go on strike. Also, a worker brought in to keep a plant operating when its work force is on strike.

Front 71

Selective Service Act

Back 71

The Selective Service Act or Selective Draft Act (Pub.L. 65–12, 40 Stat. 76, enacted May 18, 1917) authorized the federal government to raise a national army for the American entry into World War I through the compulsory enlistment of people.

Front 72

Shell Shock

Back 72

psychological disturbance caused by prolonged exposure to active warfare, especially being under bombardment.Origin

Front 73

Skyscrapers

Back 73

a very tall building of many stories.

Front 74

Social Darwinism

Back 74

the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform.

Front 75

Spain

Back 75

The country the US fought against in the Spanish-American war to help Cuba gain independence.

Front 76

Square Deal

Back 76

A term for President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program, formed upon three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection.

Front 77

Suffrage

Back 77

the right to vote in political elections.

Front 78

Teddy Roosevelt

Back 78

A political leader of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Roosevelt was president from 1901 to 1909. He became governor of New York in 1899, soon after leading a group of volunteer cavalrymen, the Rough Riders, in the Spanish-American War.

Front 79

The Jungle

Back 79

The Jungle is a 1906 novel written by the American journalist and novelist Upton Sinclair (1878–1968). Sinclair wrote the novel to portray the harsh conditions and exploited lives of meat packing industries in the United States in Chicago and similar industrialized cities.

Front 80

Thomas Edison

Back 80

United States inventor; inventions included the phonograph and incandescent electric light and the microphone and the Kinetoscope (1847-1931) Synonyms: Edison, Thomas Alva Edison Example of: artificer, discoverer, inventor. someone who is the first to think of or make something.

Front 81

Tossed Salad

Back 81

A Melting Pot where many cultures come together, however, people keep their previous characteristics.

Front 82

Transcontinental Railroad

Back 82

A train route across the United States, finished in 1869. It was the project of two railroad companies: the Union Pacific built from the east, and the Central Pacific built from the west. The two lines met in Utah.

Front 83

Trench Foot

Back 83

a painful condition of the feet caused by long immersion in cold water or mud and marked by blackening and death of surface tissue.Translate trench foot to

Front 84

Trench Warfare

Back 84

a type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other.

Front 85

Triple Alliance

Back 85

The Triple Alliance, also known as the Triplice was a secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed on 20 May 1882 and renewed periodically until World War I. Germany and Austria-Hungary had been closely allied since 1879.

Front 86

Triple Entente

Back 86

linking the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente on 31 August 1907.

Front 87

Treaty of Paris

Back 87

In France, the Treaty of Paris is signed, formally ending the Spanish-American War and granting the United States its first overseas empire. The Spanish-American War had its origins in the rebellion against Spanish rule that began in Cuba in 1895.

Front 88

Treaty of Versailles

Back 88

was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Front 89

Trustbuster

Back 89

a person or agency employed to enforce antitrust legislation. Example, Teddy Roosevelt.

Front 90

Typewriter

Back 90

an electric, electronic, or manual machine with keys for producing printlike characters one at a time on paper inserted around a roller.Translate typewriter toUse over time for: typewriter

Front 91

U-Boats

Back 91

a German submarine used in World War I or World War II.

Front 92

Upton Sinclair

Back 92

Upton Sinclair was an American novelist, essayist, playwright, and short-story writer, whose works reflect socialistic views. He gained public notoriety in 1906 with his novel The Jungle, which exposed the deplorable conditions of the U.S. meat-packing industry.

Front 93

Urbanization

Back 93

Urbanization is a word for becoming more like a city. When populations of people grow, the population of a place may spill over from city to nearby areas.

Front 94

Urban Sprawl

Back 94

the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas.

Front 95

U.S.S. Maine

Back 95

A slogan of the Spanish-American War. The United States battleship Maine mysteriously exploded and sank in the harbor of Havana, Cuba, in 1898. Stirred up by the yellow press, the American public blamed the sinking on Spain, which then owned Cuba.

Front 96

Vertical Integration

Back 96

the combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies.

Front 97

War Industries Board

Back 97

The War Industries Board (WIB) was a United States government agency established on July 28, 1917, during World War I, to coordinate the purchase of war supplies. The organization encouraged companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency and urged them to eliminate waste by standardizing products.

Front 98

World War I

Back 98

A war fought from 1914 to 1918 between the Allies, notably Britain, France, Russia, and Italy (which entered in 1915), and the Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.

Front 99

William Howard Taft

Back 99

William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) served as the 27th President of the United States (1909–1913) and as the 10th Chief Justice of the United States (1921–1930), the only person to have held both offices. ... Taft was born in Cincinnati in 1857.

Front 100

William Randolph Hearst

Back 100

United States newspaper publisher whose introduction of large headlines and sensational reporting changed American journalism (1863-1951) Synonyms: Hearst Example of: newspaper publisher, publisher. the proprietor of a newspaper.

Front 101

Woodrow Wilson

Back 101

was the 28th President of the United States, serving two terms from 1913-1919. As president of Princeton University and later as governor of New Jersey, Wilson was a leading Progressive, arguing for a stronger central government and fighting for anti-trust legislation and labor rights.

Front 102

Wright Brothers

Back 102

Orville and Wilbur Wright, American mechanics and inventors of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, who achieved the first sustained flight of a heavier-than-air machine — what we today call an airplane. Their flight was made at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, in 1903.

Front 103

Yellow Journalism

Back 103

journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration.

Front 104

Zeppelin

Back 104

a large German dirigible airship of the early 20th century, long and cylindrical in shape and with a rigid framework. Zeppelins were used during World War I for reconnaissance and bombing, and after the war as passenger transports until the 1930s.

Front 105

Zimmerman Note

Back 105

The Zimmermann Telegram (or Zimmermann Note) was an internal diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the event of the United States' entering World War I against Germany.

Front 106

13th Amendment

Back 106

The 13th Amendment to the Constitution declared that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."

Front 107

14th Amendment

Back 107

The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War.

Front 108

15th Amendment

Back 108

The Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude".

Front 109

16th Amendment

Back 109

The 16th amendment is an important amendment that allows the federal (United States) government to levy (collect) an income tax from all Americans. Income tax allows for the federal government to keep an army, build roads and bridges, enforce laws and carry out other important duties.

Front 110

19th Amendment

Back 110

The 19th amendment is a very important amendment to the constitution as it gave women the right to vote in 1920. You may remember that the 15th amendment made it illegal for the federal or state government to deny any US citizen the right to vote. ... The 19th amendment unified suffrage laws across the United States.