Us History Spring Final

Front 1

Josef Mengele

Back 1

Josef Mengele was a German Schutzstaffel officer and physician in Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II.

Front 2

Joseph McCarthy

Back 2

Joseph Raymond "Joe" McCarthy was an American politician who was a U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957.

Front 3

Joseph Stalin

Back 3

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was a Georgian-Soviet revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He governed the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953.

Front 4

Kamikaze

Back 4

Japanese fighter planes that would commit suicide in order to bomb a place.

Front 5

KKK

Back 5

Ku Klux Klan is a secret society in the southern U.S. that focuses on white supremacy and terrorizes other groups. An example of the Ku Klux Klan is a group of men who are anti-black, anti-Catholic and anti-Semitic.

Front 6

Kristallnacht

Back 6

Kristallnacht or Reichskristallnacht, also referred to as the Night of Broken Glass, Reichspogromnacht or simply Pogromnacht, and Novemberpogrome, was a pogrom against Jews throughout Nazi Germany

Front 7

Lend-Lease Plan

Back 7

Proposed in late 1940 and passed in March 1941, the Lend-Lease Act was the principal means for providing U.S. military aid to foreign nations during World War II.

Front 8

Levittown

Back 8

Levittown is the name of seven large suburban developments created in the United States of America by William Levitt and his company Levitt & Sons.

Front 9

Luftwaffe

Back 9

The Luftwaffe was the aerial warfare branch of the combined German Wehrmacht military forces during World War II.

Front 10

Manhattan Project

Back 10

The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada.

Front 11

Mao Zedong

Back 11

Mao Zedong or Mao Tse-tung, also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary and founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he governed as the Chairman of the Communist

Front 12

Marshall Plan

Back 12

Marshall Plan definition. A program by which the United States gave large amounts of economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild after the devastation of World War II. It was proposed by the United States secretary of state, General George C. Marshall.

Front 13

Mein Kampf

Back 13

Mein Kampf is a 1925 autobiographical book by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler. The work outlines Hitler's political ideology and future plans for Germany. Volume 1 of Mein Kampf was published in 1925 and Volume 2 in 1926.

Front 14

Neutrality Acts

Back 14

The Neutrality Acts were laws passed in 1935, 1936, 1937, and 1939 to limit U.S. involvement in future wars. They were based on the widespread disillusionment with World War I in the early 1930s and the belief that the United States had been drawn into the war through loans and trade with the Allies.

Front 15

Nagasaki

Back 15

Nagasaki is a Japanese city on the northwest coast of the island of Kyushu. One of the cities bombed in WWII.

Front 16

NATO

Back 16

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between several North American and European states based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949.

Front 17

Nazism

Back 17

the political principles of the National Socialist German Workers' Party.

Front 18

NYA

Back 18

The National Youth Administration (NYA) was a New Deal agency sponsored by the Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States that focused on providing work and education for Americans between the ages of 16 and 25. It operated from June 26, 1935 to 1939 as part of the Works Progress Administration (WPA).

Front 19

Okies

Back 19

a native or inhabitant of Oklahoma. Moved to California during the dust bowl.

Front 20

Omaha beach

Back 20

Omaha Beach is a landing area in Normandy, northern France, used by Allied forces in the WWII D-Day invasion. Today, the beach is dotted with the remains of German bunkers. On the shore, the stainless-steel sculpture Les Braves commemorates American soldiers. Behind the beach is the Musée Mémorial d'Omaha Beach, also documenting the invasion. Nearby, the Overlord Museum displays WWII tanks, artillery and dioramas.

Front 21

Operation Overlord

Back 21

Operation Overlord was the code name for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful invasion of German-occupied Western Europe during the Second World War.

Front 22

Operation Torch

Back 22

Operation Torch was the British-American invasion of French North Africa during the North African Campaign of the Second World War which started on 8 November 1942.

Front 23

Orson Welles

Back 23

George Orson Welles was an American actor, director, writer, and producer who worked in theatre, radio, and film.

Front 24

Pearl Harbor

Back 24

The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941.

Front 25

Planned obsolescence

Back 25

a policy of producing consumer goods that rapidly become obsolete and so require replacing, achieved by frequent changes in design, termination of the supply of spare parts, and the use of nondurable materials.

Front 26

Poland

Back 26

The country that was invaded first in WWII and WWI.

Front 27

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Back 27

Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 US 537 was a landmark constitutional law case of the US Supreme Court. It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal".

Front 28

Rationing

Back 28

allow each person to have only a fixed amount of (a particular commodity).

Front 29

REA

Back 29

The Railway Express Agency (REA) was a national monopoly set up by the United States federal government in 1917. Rail express services provided small package and parcel transportation using the extant railroad infrastructure much as UPS functions today using the road system.

Front 30

Rosie the Riveter

Back 30

Rosie the Riveter is a cultural icon of the United States, representing the American women who worked in factories and shipyards during World War II, many of whom produced munitions and war supplies.

Front 31

Rosa Parks

Back 31

Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was an activist in the Civil Rights Movement, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement".

Front 32

Rosenbergs

Back 32

1953. Rosenbergs executed. On this day in 1953, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, who were convicted of conspiring to pass U.S. atomic secrets to the Soviets, are executed at Sing Sing Prison in Ossining, New York. Both refused to admit any wrongdoing and proclaimed their innocence right up to the time of their deaths

Front 33

Rock and Roll

Back 33

Rock and roll is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s

Front 34

Sacco and Vanzetti

Back 34

Two anarchists ( see anarchism ), Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, who were convicted of a robbery and two murders in Massachusetts in the early 1920s and sentenced to death. Sacco and Vanzetti were born in Italy but had been living in the United States for years when they were tried.

Front 35

Selective Service Act

Back 35

The Selective Service Act or Selective Draft Act (Pub.L. 65–12, 40 Stat. 76, enacted May 18, 1917) authorized the federal government to raise a national army for the American entry into World War I through the compulsory enlistment of people.

Front 36

Social Security Act

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An act to provide for the general welfare by establishing a system of Federal old-age benefits, and by enabling the several States to make more adequate provision for aged persons, blind persons, dependent and crippled children, maternal and child welfare, public health, and the administration of their unemployment

Front 37

Sputnik

Back 37

Sputnik 1 was the first artificial Earth satellite. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit on 4 October 1957. It was a 58 cm diameter polished metal sphere, with four external radio antennas to broadcast radio pulses

Front 38

speakeasy

Back 38

A speakeasy, also called a blind pig or blind tiger, is an illicit establishment that sells alcoholic beverages. Such establishments came into prominence in the United States during the Prohibition era (1920–1933, longer in some states)

Front 39

Teapot Dome Scandal

Back 39

The Teapot Dome Scandal was a bribery incident that took place in the United States from 1921 to 1922, during the administration of President Warren G. Harding.

Front 40

Tripartite Pact

Back 40

The Tripartite Pact, also known as the Berlin Pact, was an agreement between Germany, Japan and Italy signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940 by, respectively, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Saburō Kurusu and Galeazzo Ciano.

Front 41

Truman Doctrine

Back 41

the principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or communist insurrection. First expressed in 1947 by US President Truman in a speech to Congress seeking aid for Greece and Turkey, the doctrine was seen by the communists as an open declaration of the Cold War.

Front 42

TVA

Back 42

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is a federally owned corporation in the United States created by congressional charter on May 18, 1933

Front 43

U-2

Back 43

The Lockheed U-2, nicknamed "Dragon Lady", is an American single-jet engine, ultra-high altitude reconnaissance aircraft operated by the United States Air Force and previously flown by the Central Intelligence Agency.

Front 44

U.S.S Missouri

Back 44

USS Missouri (BB-63) is a United States Navy Iowa-class battleship and was the third ship of the U.S. Navy to be named after the U.S. state of Missouri.

Front 45

Urban Sprawl

Back 45

the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas.

Front 46

Vladimir Lenin

Back 46

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, better known by the alias Lenin, was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician, and political theorist.

Front 47

V-E Day

Back 47

Monday, May 8Victory in Europe Day 2017 in United States of America

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V-J Day

Back 48

Saturday, September 2Victory over Japan Day 2017 in United States of America

Front 49

Walt Disney

Back 49

Walter Elias "Walt" Disney was an American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor and film producer. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons.

Front 50

Warsaw Pact

Back 50

The Warsaw Pact, formally the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance and sometimes, informally, WarPac. was a collective defense treaty among the Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite

Front 51

Warren G. Harding

Back 51

Warren Gamaliel Harding was the 29th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1921, until his death in 1923.

Front 52

Winston Churchill

Back 52

a British politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.

Front 53

WPA

Back 53

The Works Progress Administration (renamed in 1939 as the Work Projects Administration; WPA) was the largest and most ambitious American New Deal agency, employing millions of people (mostly unskilled men) to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads.

Front 54

1945

Back 54

WWII Ended

Front 55

18th Amendment

Back 55

The Eighteenth Amendment (Amendment XVIII) of the United States Constitution effectively established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol (though not the consumption or private possession) illegal.

Front 56

21st Amendment

Back 56

The Twenty-first Amendment (Amendment XXI) to the United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which had mandated nationwide Prohibition on alcohol on January 16, 1919. The Twenty-first Amendment was ratified on December 5, 1933.

Front 57

Al Capone

Back 57

Alphonse Gabriel "Al" Capone, sometimes known by the nickname Scarface, was an American gangster who attained fame during the Prohibition era as the co-founder and boss of the Chicago Outfit.

Front 58

Allied Powers

Back 58

The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War.

Front 59

Amelia Earhart

Back 59

Amelia Mary Earhart was an American aviation pioneer and author. Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She received the U.S. Distinguished Flying Cross for this accomplishment

Front 60

ant-sentisim

Back 60

hostility to or prejudice against Jews.

Front 61

Aryans

Back 61

relating to or denoting a people speaking an Indo-European language who invaded northern India in the 2nd millennium BC, displacing the Dravidian and other aboriginal peoples.

Front 62

Appeasement

Back 62

pacify or placate (someone) by acceding to their demands.

Front 63

Atlantic Charter

Back 63

The Atlantic Charter was a joint declaration released by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill on August 14, 1941 following a meeting of the two heads of state in Newfoundland. The Atlantic Charter provided a broad statement of U.S. and British war aims.

Front 64

Axis Powers

Back 64

The Axis powers, also known as the Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allied Powers. The Axis agreed on their opposition to the Allies, but did not completely coordinate their activity.

Front 65

Baby Boom

Back 65

Baby boomers are the demographic group born during the post–World War II baby boom. There are varying definitions as to the birth range of this demographic

Front 66

Bay of pigs

Back 66

The Bay of Pigs Invasion was a failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the CIA-sponsored paramilitary group Brigade 2506 on 17 April 1961.

Front 67

Babe Ruth

Back 67

George Herman "Babe" Ruth Jr. was an American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball spanned 22 seasons, from 1914 through 1935

Front 68

Blitzkrieg

Back 68

A German term for “lightning war,” blitzkrieg is a military tactic designed to create disorganization among enemy forces through the use of mobile forces and locally concentrated firepower.

Front 69

Benito Mussolini

Back 69

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party, ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 to 1943.

Front 70

Berlin Airlift

Back 70

The Berlin Blockade was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War. During the multinational occupation of post–World War II Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies'

Front 71

Berlin Wall

Back 71

The Berlin Wall was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989.

Front 72

Beatniks

Back 72

a young person in the 1950s and early 1960s belonging to a subculture associated with the beat generation.

Front 73

brinkmanship

Back 73

the art or practice of pursuing a dangerous policy to the limits of safety before stopping, typically in politics.

Front 74

bootleggers

Back 74

Rum-running, or bootlegging, is the illegal business of transporting (smuggling) alcoholic beverages where such transportation is forbidden by law. Smuggling is usually done to circumvent taxation or prohibition laws within a particular jurisdiction.

Front 75

Black Tuesday

Back 75

Black Tuesday refers to October 29, 1929, when panicked sellers traded nearly 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange (four times the normal volume at the time), and the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell -12%. Black Tuesday is often cited as the beginning of the Great Depression.

Front 76

blacklist

Back 76

a list of persons under suspicion, disfavor, censure, etc.: His record as an anarchist put him on the government's blacklist. 2. a list privately exchanged among employers, containing the names of persons to be barred from employment because of untrustworthiness or for holding opinions considered undesirable.

Front 77

Brown vs. Board

Back 77

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

Front 78

Bull Market

Back 78

a market in which share prices are rising, encouraging buying.

Front 79

conglomerate

Back 79

a number of different things or parts that are put or grouped together to form a whole but remain distinct entities.

Front 80

Calvin Collidge

Back 80

John Calvin Coolidge Jr. was the 30th President of the United States. A Republican lawyer from Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of that state

Front 81

Charles Lindbergh

Back 81

Charles Augustus Lindbergh, nicknamed Slim, Lucky Lindy, and The Lone Eagle, was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, explorer, and environmental activist.

Front 82

Charles de Gaulle

Back 82

Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle was a French general and statesman. He was the leader of Free France and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic.

Front 83

CCC

Back 83

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men from relief families as part of the New Deal.

Front 84

CIA

Back 84

The Central Intelligence Agency is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information

Front 85

Cold War

Back 85

The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc and powers in the Western Bloc.

Front 86

Consumerism

Back 86

the protection or promotion of the interests of consumer.

Front 87

Containment

Back 87

Containment is a geopolitical strategy to stop the expansion of an enemy. It is best known as the Cold War policy of the United States and its allies to prevent the spread of communism.

Front 88

Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 88

The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis, the Caribbean Crisis, or the Missile Scare, was a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union concerning American

Front 89

DMZ

Back 89

The Korean Demilitarized Zone is a strip of land running across the Korean Peninsula. It is established by the provisions of the Korean Armistice Agreement to serve as a buffer zone between the Democratic

Front 90

Disneyland

Back 90

Disneyland Park, originally Disneyland, is the first of two theme parks built at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, opened on July 17, 1955. It is the only theme park designed and built under the direct supervision of Walt Disney.

Front 91

Dixiecrats

Back 91

The Dixiecrats were a political party organized in the summer of 1948 by conservative white southern Democrats committed to states' rights and the maintenance of segregation and opposed to federal intervention into race, and to a lesser degree, labor relations.

Front 92

Douglas MacArthur

Back 92

Douglas MacArthur was an American five-star general and field marshal of the Philippine Army. He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II.

Front 93

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Back 93

Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower was an American politician and Army general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961.

Front 94

Duke Ellington

Back 94

Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (April 29, 1899 – May 24, 1974) was an American composer, pianist, and bandleader of a jazz orchestra, which he led from 1923 until his death in a career spanning over fifty years.

Front 95

Dunkrik

Back 95

In May 1940, Germany advanced into France, trapping Allied troops on the beaches of Dunkirk. Under air and ground cover from British and French forces, troops were slowly and methodically evacuated from the beach using every serviceable naval and civilian vessel that could be found.

Front 96

Edward R. Murrow

Back 96

Edward R. Murrow KBE was an American broadcast journalist. He was generally referred to as Ed Murrow.

Front 97

Elvis Presley

Back 97

Presley, Elvis definition. A twentieth-century American rock 'n' roll singer, known for his distinctive throaty tone in songs such as “Hound Dog” and “All Shook Up.” He was one of the first stars of rock 'n' roll.

Front 98

Enola Gay

Back 98

The Enola Gay (pronunciation: /ᵻˈnoʊlə ˈɡeɪ/) is a Boeing B-29 Superfortress bomber, named for Enola Gay Tibbets, the mother of the pilot, Colonel Paul Tibbets, who selected the aircraft while it was still on the assembly line.

Front 99

Ernest Hemingway

Back 99

Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations.

Front 100

Fair Deal

Back 100

The Fair Deal was an ambitious set of proposals put forward by U.S. President Harry S. Truman to Congress in his January 1949 State of the Union address. More generally the term characterizes the entire domestic agenda of the Truman administration, from 1945 to 1953.

Front 101

Facist

Back 101

an advocate or follower of the political philosophy or system of fascism.

Front 102

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Back 102

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, known professionally as F. Scott Fitzgerald, was an American novelist and short story writer, whose works illustrate the Jazz Age.

Front 103

Franchise

Back 103

an authorization granted by a government or company to an individual or group enabling them to carry out specified commercial activities, e.g., providing a broadcasting service or acting as an agent for a company's products.

Front 104

Flappers

Back 104

(in the 1920s) a fashionable young woman intent on enjoying herself and flouting conventional standards of behavior.

Front 105

Flexible Response

Back 105

Flexible response was a defense strategy implemented by John F. Kennedy in 1961 to address the Kennedy administration's skepticism of Dwight Eisenhower's New Look and its policy of massive retaliation.

Front 106

FDIC

Back 106

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation is a United States government corporation providing deposit insurance to depositors in US banks.

Front 107

FDR

Back 107

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, commonly known as FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

Front 108

Fireside Chats

Back 108

Fireside chats is the term used to describe a series of 30 evening radio conversations (chats) given by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1944.

Front 109

GI Bill

Back 109

GI Bill definition. A law passed in 1944 that provided educational and other benefits for people who had served in the armed forces in World War II. Benefits are still available to persons honorably discharged from the armed forces.

Front 110

Genocide

Back 110

the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.

Front 111

h-bomb

Back 111

another term for hydrogen bomb.Origin

Front 112

Harlem Renaissance

Back 112

The Harlem Renaissance was the name given to the cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem between the end of World War I and the middle of the 1930s. During this period Harlem was a cultural center, drawing black writers, artists, musicians, photographers, poets, and scholars.

Front 113

Harry S. Truman

Back 113

Harry S. Truman was an American politician who served as the 33rd President of the United States, assuming that office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt during the waning months of World War II.

Front 114

Hiroshima

Back 114

On August 6, 1945, Hiroshima was almost completely destroyed by the first atomic bomb ever dropped on a populated area. Followed by the bombing of Nagasaki, on August 9, this show of Allied strength hastened the surrender of Japan in World War II.

Front 115

Herbert Hoover

Back 115

Herbert Clark Hoover was an American politician who served as the 31st President of the United States from 1929 to 1933 during the Great Depression

Front 116

Holocaust

Back 116

The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide in which some six million European Jews were killed by Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany, and the World War II collaborators with the Nazis.

Front 117

HUAC

Back 117

The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) was created in 1938 to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having Communist ties.

Front 118

Interstate Highway Act

Back 118

The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, popularly known as the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act (Public Law 84-627), was enacted on June 29, 1956, when President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the bill into law.

Front 119

Isolationism

Back 119

a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.

Front 120

John Scope

Back 120

John Thomas Scopes was a teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, who was charged on May 5, 1925, with violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of evolution in Tennessee schools.

Front 121

Jonas Salk

Back 121

Jonas Edward Salk was an American medical researcher and virologist. He discovered and developed one of the first successful polio vaccines.