Us History- Semester 2 Final

Front 1

Harry S. Truman

Back 1

The 33rd U.S. president, who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon Roosevelt's death in April 1945. Truman, who led the country through the last few months of World War II, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. After the war, Truman was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery.

Front 2

Joseph Stalin

Back 2

Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)

Front 3

The Cold War

Back 3

Struggle from 1945 to 1989 between the communist and democratic worlds; ended with the collapse of Russia.

Front 4

The Iron Curtain

Back 4

“Iron Curtain” was Winston Churchill’s term to describe the border between the Soviet satellite states and Western Europe.

Front 5

The Marshall Plan

Back 5

The Marshall Plan was an economic and foreign policy that offered aid to Western European countries after WWII.

Front 6

The Berlin Airlift

Back 6

The Berlin Airlift delivered goods to West Berlin to show how far the United States would go to protect noncommunist parts of Europe and contain communism.

Front 7

NATO

Back 7

Def: This was a defensive military alliance against the Soviet Union created by Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, and Portugal. The 12 members of NATO pledged that they would help the other nations if they were attacked.

Sig: It made countries feel safe from other possible Soviet Aggression and greatly increased American influence in Europe.

Front 8

Warsaw Pact

Back 8

Def: This was a military war pact that West Germany had created. The pact linked the soviets with seven eastern countries.

Sig: This stemmed from Americas idea to create NATO and threatened many countries in Europe.

Front 9

The Korean War

Back 9

The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea.

Front 10

The Space Race

Back 10

The US was desperate to get into space because the soviet union had done so before the US. Billions of dollars were put into the new NASA program in hopes to catch up and excede Russina technology

Front 11

Sputnik

Back 11

First satellite, sent up by Russia 1957

Front 12

The Arms Race

Back 12

A competition between nations to expand their stockpile of weapons and armaments in order to gain a military superiority over other nations.

Front 13

The Red Scare

Back 13

Fear of Communism spreading

Front 14

The Rosenberg’s

Back 14

They were American communists who were executed in 1953 for conspiracy to commit espionage during a time of war. The charges related to passing information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. This was the first execution of civilians for espionage in United States history.

Front 15

McCarthyism

Back 15

The practice of publicizing accusations of political disloyalty or subversion with insufficient regard to evidence.

Front 16

Dwight Eisenhower

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Dwight D Eisenhower was the general of operation torch, and evasion of access controlled North Africa. The president during the time that both countries had created the H-bomb.

Front 17

GI Rights Bill

Back 17

Also known as the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act this bill provided education and training for veterans, paid for by the federal government. This bill was created in hopes of making the transition of returning servicemen to civilian life easier.

Sig: The economic assistance provided by the G.I. bill and the Veterans' Administration accelerated the postwar demand for goods and services.

Front 18

The Baby Boom

Back 18

Def: This was an explosion in the population after the period of war.

Sig: This contributed to a huge increase in sales for toys and many other things that are necessary for a child.

Front 19

Interstate Highway Act

Back 19

Government supplied money to build interstate highways to connect major cities

Front 20

Culture of the Car

Back 20

Widened how far away people could live from cities, brought people closer together

Front 21

Rise of Suburbia

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Because of cars, suburbs could exist due to quicker and easier travel into the city for work.

Front 22

Television

Back 22

Revolutionized media. Brought families together, marketed morals, values, ads, and anything else that could be spread to the public

Front 23

Elvis Presley

Back 23

Set off the rock-and-roll craze

Front 24

Catcher in the Rye

Back 24

A book against conformity, inspired to go against government

Front 25

Rebel without a Cause

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A movie about rebel teenagers, supported anti-conformity more and beatniks

Front 26

Termination Policy

Back 26

Assimilated Indians even further

Front 27

Brown vs Board

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brown charged school of violation lyndas rights by denying admission to a white school

Front 28

Little Rock Nine

Back 28

The nine African American students who were admitted to Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.

Front 29

Rosa Parks

Back 29

United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national civil rights movement (born in 1913)

Front 30

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr

Back 30

Black civil rights activist who wanted equality for everyone

Front 31

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Back 31

African Americans refused to ride the busses because of what happened with Rosa Parks.

Front 32

Freedom Riders

Back 32

A series of political protests against segregation by Blacks and Whites who rode buses together through the American South in 1961.

Front 33

Malcolm X

Back 33

Def: Malcolm X was a very popular civil rights activist. He was also an Islamic minister after he was released from prison in 1950.

Sig: Malcolm X contributed hugely to the eventual fall of black discrimination.

Front 34

Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 34

Def: leaders of the U.S. and the Soviet Union engaged in a tense, 13-day political and military standoff in October 1962 over the installation of nuclear-armed Soviet missiles on Cuba, just 90 miles from U.S. shores.

Sig: U.S. agreed to Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev's offer to remove the Cuban missiles in exchange for the U.S. promising not to invade Cuba.

Front 35

JFK

Back 35

Def: He was elected the 35th president of the United States in January 1961.

Front 36

Nikita Khrushchev

Back 36

Stalin's successor, wanted peaceful coexistence with the U.S. Eisenhower agreed to a summit conference with him, France and Great Britain in Geneva, Switzerland in July, 1955 to discuss how peaceful coexistence could be achieved.

Front 37

Bay of Pig

Back 37

Def: In April 1961, the CIA launched what its leaders believed would be the definitive strike: a full-scale invasion of Cuba by 1,400 American-trained Cubans who had fled their homes when Castro took over.

Sig: The invaders were badly outnumbered by Castro’s troops, and they surrendered after less than 24 hours of fighting.

Front 38

Fidel Castro

Back 38

Cuba’s revolutionary, Castro openly declared himself a communist and welcomed aid from the Soviet Union.

Front 39

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Back 39

This was an act which prohibited decimation because of race, religion, national origin, and gender. It gave all citizens the right to enter libraries, parks, washrooms, restaurants, theaters, and other public accommodations.

Sig: This was enacted because of the Brown v. Board of Education in Topeka which eliminated the “Separate but Equal” viewpoint.

Front 40

Domino Theory

Back 40

If one country fell into communism, then so would the rest. Just like toppling dominoes

Front 41

Ho Chi Minh

Back 41

A world wanderer and man of many names. During the 1920's and 1930's, Ho lived in China and the Soviet Union white working for Vietnamese independence.

Front 42

Lyndon B. Johnson

Back 42

Vice President for JFK; sworn in as President when JFK died; next year he ran and was elected president; grew up in poor family in Texas

Front 43

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Back 43

It was a decision taken by the US Congress in which Johnson B was given the mandate to find a way of guarding against any military attacks against their forces in Vietnam. The resolution was taken after the event in which two US Navy ships were shelled in the gulf of Tonkin.

Front 44

Cambodia

Back 44

Expanded war into Cambodia

Front 45

ERA

Back 45

Proposed amendment to the U.S. constitution passed by Congress and submitted to the states for ratification in 1971; outlawing discrimination based on gender, it was at first seen as a great victory by women's-rights groups. The amendment fell 3 states short of the 38 required for ratification. However, many states have adopted similar amendments to their state constitutions.

Front 46

AIM Movement

Back 46

American Indian Movement - Minneapolis, 1968 - Intent: Native American Pride and Self-Defense; Trribes from all over country come to this visit

Front 47

Counter-culture

Back 47

a rebellion of teens and young adults against mainstream American society in the 1960

Front 48

Cesar Chavez

Back 48

Farm worker, labor leader, and civil-rights activist who helped form the National Farm Workers Association, later the United Farm Workers. He helped to improve conditions for migrant farm workers and unionize them

Front 49

Tet Offensive

Back 49

a series of crucial battles in the Vietnam War

Front 50

Kent State Shooting

Back 50

A massive student protest led to the burning of the ROTC building and the National Guard was called. The Guards fired into a crowd of protesters wounding 9 and killing 4.

Sig: This happened because invasion of Cambodia by the United States and the need to draft 150,000 more soldiers for an expansion of the Vietnam War effort.

Front 51

Vietcong

Back 51

a Communist-led army and guerrilla force in South Vietnam that fought its government and was supported by North Vietnam.

Front 52

Doves/Hawks

Back 52

Doves were for peace and against the war
Hawks were for war

Front 53

Richard Nixon

Back 53

Def: Elected US President in 1969 and began to pull troops from Vietnam.

Front 54

Watergate Scandal

Back 54

a political scandal involving abuse of power and bribery and obstruction of justice

Front 55

Pardon

Back 55

Pardons one from crimes. A president can pardon people

Front 56

Gerald Ford

Back 56

Was the 38th President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977, and prior to this, was the 40th Vice President of the United States serving from 1973 to 1974. He was the first person appointed to the Vice Presidency under the terms of the 25th

Front 57

Jimmy Carter

Back 57

Is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States.

Front 58

Oil Shortage

Back 58

Made us go for oil in Iraq more

Front 59

HIV/AIDS

Back 59

Can be contracted through sex, needles, childbirth, breastfeeding

Front 60

Iran Hostage Crisis

Back 60

The 444 days in which American embassy workers were held captive by Iranian revolutionaries after young Muslim fundamentalists overthrew the oppressive regime of the American-backed shah, forcing him into exile. These revolutionaries triggered an energy crisis by cutting off Iranian oil. The crisis began when revolutionaries stormed the American embassy, demanding that the United States return the shah to Iran for trial. The episode was marked by botched diplomacy and failed rescue attempts by the Carter Administration. After permanently damaging relations between the two countries, the crisis ended with the hostage's release the day Ronald Reagan became president

Front 61

Supply-side Economics

Back 61

The economic theory of "Reaganomics" that emphasized cutting taxes and government spending in order to stimulate investment, productivity, and economic growth by private enterprise

Front 62

Ronald Reagan

Back 62

first elected president in 1980 and elected again in 1984. He ran on a campaign based on the common man and "populist" ideas. He served as governor of California from 1966-1974, and he participated in the McCarthy Communist scare. Iran released hostages on his Inauguration Day in 1980. While president, he developed Reagannomics, the trickle down effect of government incentives. He cut out many welfare and public works programs. He used the Strategic Defense Initiative to avoid conflict. His meetings with Gorbachev were the first steps to ending the Cold War. He was also responsible for the Iran-contra Affair which bought hostages with guns.

Front 63

Iran Contra Affair

Back 63

scandal that erupted after the Reagan administration sold weapons to Iran in hopes of freeing American hostages in Lebanon; money from the arms sales was used to aid the Contras (anti-Communist insurgents) in Nicaragua, even though Congress had prohibited this assistance. Talk of Reagan's impeachment ended when presidential aides took the blame for the illegal activity.

Front 64

9-11-01

Back 64

Twin towers were brought down my terrorist suicide crashes

Front 65

Taliban

Back 65

extreme conservative Muslims, protected Osama bin Laden by allowing him to hide in Afghanistan after he masterminded the September 11, 2001, attack on the United States, government of Afghanistan until 2001, harbored and encouraged Al-Qaeda

Front 66

Operation Desert Storm

Back 66

the United States and its allies defeated Iraq in a ground war that lasted 100 hours , The code name for the liberation of Kuwait during the Perisan Gulf War of 1991

Front 67

Saddam Hussein

Back 67

Saddam Hussein was the leader of Iraq during the middle of the Cold War. Although initially supported by the U.S. to fight Iran, his invasion of Kuwait made him a prime enemy of America.

Front 68

George H. W. Bush

Back 68

was the 42st president of the United States, previously being Ronald Reagan's vice-president. His policies and ideals derived heavily from his predecessor and were built on them. He was a well-to-do oil tycoon before devoting himself to the public. He served as a congressman, emissary to China, ambassador to the UN, director of the CIA, and vice president before becoming president.

Front 69

Impeachment

Back 69

Removing from office by popular vote