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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
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PE Maternalist Reform |
improve living standards of poor women and children mothers' pension (state aid to mothers w/o significant male support; discriminated against single mothers and AAs) gov should encourage bearing and rearing children and encourage mothers to be economically independent at the same time Muller v. Oregon = maximum working hours for women (helped to establish gender inequality in early foundations of the welfare state) |
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PE Economic Citizenship |
right to assistance derived from citizenship itself, not from some special service to the nation (mothers) or upstanding character (the deserving v. undeserving poor) workmen's comp laws to benefit male and female workers injured on the job state minimum wage laws and working hours applied only to women |
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PE Nationalization |
rise of the national state most shocking development of the 20th century only an energetic national gov could create the social conditions of freedom localism seen as an impediment to a renewed sense of national purpose to achieve the Jeffersonian ideals of democratic self-determination, the gov must employ Hamiltonian means of gov intervention in the economy |
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PE Theodore Roosevelt ' steward of the public welfare' |
"square deal" - confront problems caused by economic consolidation by distinguishing between good and bad companies president should be an honest broker in labor disputes rather than always siding with the businesses more direct federal regulation of the economy condemned the power of vast power conferred by vast wealth 1906 Hepburn Act - development of federal intervention in the corporate economy of railroads federal inheritance, income taxes and the regulation of all interstate businesses |
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PE William Taft |
the scope of modern gov has widened beyond those of laissez-faire school of political writers antitrust policies businesses bad if they engaged in policies that stifled competition 16th amendment supporter - wealthy pay higher taxes major rift btwn Taft and Progressives - he was more Republican |
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PE The Election of 1912 |
problem of the relation of the State and the corporation debate on relationship btwn political and economic freedom in age of big business Taft - economic individualism as log as gov and corps addressed social ills Deb - public ownership of railroads and banking system; gov aid to unemployed; shorter working hours and minimum wage WIlson - restore market competition; free gov from domination of big business "The New Freedom" Roosevelt - "The New Nationalism" only the controlling and directing of gov can restore the liberty of the oppressed; heavy taxes on personal and corporate fortunes; federal regulation of industries |
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PE Wilson's 1st Term |
implemented policies of progressivism expanded gov (creation of Federal Reserve System; establishment of Federal Trade Commission) established rules for labor relations, business behavior, financial policy, protected citizens from market abuses and acted as a broker among the groups whose conflicts threatened to destroy social harmony by 1916 |
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WWI American approach embodies progressivism began as |
social justice ends as social control |
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How WWI started |
plight of Serbs (Serbs have own country but not all Serbs are in the country and are being oppressed by the Austro-Hungarian Block) June 1914 Franz Ferdinand assassinated and Austria and Hungary blame Serbia and mobilizes forces to attack Serbia; Russia mobilizes to defend Serbia; Germany mobilizes against Russia, Serbia and France; England mobilizes; WWI started in Summer 1914 |
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Central Powers of WWI |
Germany, Austria, Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria |
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Allied Powers of WWI |
US, Albania, Russia, England, France, Serbia, Greece, Romania and Japan |
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WWI shocking because it |
1. occurs in the most civilized part of the world 2. how bloody the war is |
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US Involvement in WWI |
US initially not involved; Woodrow Wilson says America is neutral in Euro affairs neutrality questionable as 1. the issue of American loans to countries fighting the war 2. trading and shipping Wilson says to trade to whomever we want German submarines sink US ship because England has been using US flags on their ship to evade the Germans April 1917 Wilson declares war against the Germans |
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WWI embracing of progressive ideals to wage war |
regulate business; go after concentrations of wealth ex. railroad administration nationalization food administration (grow more food; eat less) guarantee farmers a high price fro wheat buy in large quantities war and labor board - workers strike bc pay doesn't increase with inflation results in labor, business and gov coming together to set policies and wages (8hr work days; overtime pay; production quantity; what is produced) |
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WWI Social Control |
CPI Committee on Public Information propaganda agency created to drum up support for the war 1. magazine advertisements in ethnic journals 2. 4 minute men speeches on why to support the war 3. anti-german (change names of German foods and German language banned in schools) 1917 Espionage Act fined 10000 or 20 yrs jail tie for writing or saying anything disloyal to the american cause 1918 Sedition Act no speaking out against the sale of liberty bonds |
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WWI Wilson's 14 pts plan to end the war |
no secret treaties between countries stop producing weapons self-determination (make Poland a country) open seas/open trade clear up colonial issue establish the league of nations faced immediate road blocks |
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Failure of WWI Wilson 14 pts |
Wilson doesn't follow own ideas (sends US troops to Russia to block Bolshevik revolution not allowing self-determination) Wilson loses support from the left Conservatives don't like the idea of a league of nations Britain and France want Germany to pay war reparations |
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Woodrow Wilson Liberal Internationalism |
economic freedom would follow inevitably from increased American investment and trade abroad WWI first test of Wilson's hypothesis of whether America could expand proggresive ideals abroad, instead they destroyed them at home |
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Progressives War |
war as a method of furthering progressive ideals and attacking the immense inequality of power within the states |
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The Wartime State |
created a national state w/ unprecedented powers and a sharply increased presence in Americans' lives antitrust laws suspended nationalization of industry, transportation, labor relations and agriculture increase in corporate and individual taxes to fund war wages rose dramatically |
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WWI and Womens' Suffrage |
sold war bonds, organized patriotic rallies, worked in war production jobs, served as nurses and clerical clerks in the military given right to vote in 1920 |
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Liberty in WWI |
traditional civil liberties under attack the espionage and sedition acts |
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coercive patriotism in WWI |
patriotism comes to mean blind support for the gov and war American Protective League (APL) identified and offered up radicals IWW crushed |
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Americanization and Pluralism in WWI |
creation of a more homogeneous culture i.e. the melting pot |
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WWI and Immigrant Restriction |
certain kinds of undesirable persons should be excluded altogether rise of eugenics |
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WWI The Red Scare Palmer Raids 1919-1920 |
broad warrants for dissenters criticism by congress and press for abuse of civil liberties IWW destroyed moderate unions in disarray |
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pre-Depression 1920s |
more conservative string of US Presidents |
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pre-Depression Republican President Warren G. Harding |
return to normalcy; end progressive reform; less gov in business, more business in gov; end to Wilsonian Moment |
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pre-Depression Republican President Calvin Coolidge |
pro-business; the man who builds a factory builds a temple, the man who works there worships him |
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Depression Republican President Herbert Hoover |
pro-business; republican nomination 1928; banishment of poverty; took office in 1929 Fall 1929 Depression started |
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What caused the Depression? |
structure of the US Economy (unequal society; majority of wealth controlled by a few) overproduction of goods in agriculture (left over from WWI) stock market (speculation: stocks rise people invest; stocks drop owe more than invested) foreign affairs (Germany borrowing money from US to pay reparations, economy booms, America stops giving loans, Europe stops buying American goods, economy crumbles) |
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President Hoover and the Depression |
doesn't take action; says that the depression is a result of individual moral shortcomings initially believed that feds should not intervene; calls for cooperative individualism(big flaw bc depression is so big it is at the national level) opinion changes; RFC (Reconstruction Finance Corporation) pushed by Hoover to give gov loans to big business (trickle down effect) |
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Bonus March against Hoover during The Depression |
sealed Hoover's fate veterans from WWI wanted their promised bonus; marched on Washington; chased away by the Army; public opinion turns away from Hoover |
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FDR The Depression 1st New Deal |
calls for a banking holiday (shut down banks for 4 days to audit them and check out books) caused the Emergency Banking Relief Act (if banks deemed sound they will get a gov seal of approval; if unsound will get a loan from the gov and be run by gov managers) FDR pushed to do more; isn't radical enough; too conservative large protests pushing FDR to adopt more reforms social movements combining traditional and progressive viewpoints FDR created alphabet organizations to do what Hoover didn't |
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FDR The Depression 1st New Deal Alphabet Organizations |
AAA (Agriculture Adjustment Act) addressed problem of overproduction in agriculture; pays farmers not to farm NRA (National Industrial Recovery Act) focused on industry in the cities; set min. wage, production levels, hours worked in industry PWA (Public Works Administration) paid people to build stuff |
