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353 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The earliest inhabitants of America, the Native Americans, are believed to have arrived on the continent by crossing a land bridge which connected Siberia to present day Alaska.
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The earliest inhabitants of America, the Native Americans, are believed to have arrived on the continent by crossing a land bridge which connected Siberia to present day Alaska.
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Over 10,000 years ago, a slowly receding glacier left open a neck of land between Siberia and present-day Alaska. Waves of people made their way into America across this bridge before it was covered by ocean waters.
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Over 10,000 years ago, a slowly receding glacier left open a neck of land between Siberia and present-day Alaska. Waves of people made their way into America across this bridge before it was covered by ocean waters.
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The Treaty of Tordesillas, established in 1494, divided land between Spain and Portugal in the Americas.
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The Treaty of Tordesillas was agreed upon between Spain and Portugal in 1494. Originally the pope set the "Line of Demarcation" to split up the New World, but it was unfair to the Portuguese, so the two countries worked out their own line.
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Spain used armies led by Conquistadores to conquer the Americas from the Indians.
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"Conquistadores" were Spanish adventurers who led soldiers in exploring and seizing American land. Often the European diseases they carried with them were more effective than their weapons in wiping out the Indians.
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In 1513, Vasco Nunez de Balboa, a Spanish conquistador, crossed the isthmus of Panama and became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean.
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In 1513, Vasco Nunez de Balboa, a Spanish conquistador, crossed the isthmus of Panama and became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean.
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Juan Ponce de Leon was a Spanish conquistador who explored and claimed Florida in 1513 (same year as Balboa discovered the Pacific).
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Juan Ponce de Leon was a Spanish conquistador who explored and claimed Florida in 1513 (same year as Balboa discovered the Pacific).
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Ponce de Leon searched for gold and the "fountain of youth," and in the process claimed Florida for Spain.
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Ponce de Leon searched for gold and the "fountain of youth," and in the process claimed Florida for Spain.
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In 1519, Hernando Cortes, a Spanish conquistador, led an army against the Aztec Indians of Mexico.
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In 1519, Hernando Cortes, a Spanish conquistador, led an army against the Aztec Indians of Mexico.
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Cortes led an expedition to conquer the Aztec Indians. He ended up wiping out the Aztec empire and getting substantial wealth.
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Cortes led an expedition to conquer the Aztec Indians. He ended up wiping out the Aztec empire and getting substantial wealth.
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Hernando de Soto led a 600-man expedition through the southeastern portion of North America. He was buried on the banks of the Mississippi River.
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Hernando de Soto led a 600-man expedition through the southeastern portion of North America. He was buried on the banks of the Mississippi River.
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Hernando de Soto was a Spanish Conquistador and played a big role in broadening Spain's knowledge of North America. He landed in Florida in 1539 and led the largest expedition of the 16th and 17th century through the southeast and midwest of the present-day United States.
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Hernando de Soto was a Spanish Conquistador and played a big role in broadening Spain's knowledge of North America. He landed in Florida in 1539 and led the largest expedition of the 16th and 17th century through the southeast and midwest of the present-day United States.
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Francisco Vasquez de Coronado was a Spanish conquistador who started in Mexico, and explored what is now the southwestern United States.
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Francisco Vasquez de Coronado was a Spanish conquistador who started in Mexico, and explored what is now the southwestern United States.
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Coronado explored what is now the southwestern US. His men ended up being the first Europeans to see the Grand Canyon.
He set out about the same time as de Soto; his goal was to find the "Seven Cities of Cibola," which were supposedly full of gold. |
Coronado explored what is now the southwestern US. His men ended up being the first Europeans to see the Grand Canyon.
He set out about the same time as de Soto; his goal was to find the "Seven Cities of Cibola," which were supposedly full of gold. |
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In 1497, John Cabot, an Italian explorer, set out to find a Northwest Passage, and ended up claiming mainland North America for England.
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In 1497, John Cabot, an Italian explorer, set out to find a Northwest Passage, and ended up claiming mainland North America for England.
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John Cabot was looking for the Northwest Passage--a route to Asia going through the Americas. He found none, but ended up hitting mainland North America and claiming it for England.
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John Cabot was looking for the Northwest Passage--a route to Asia going through the Americas. He found none, but ended up hitting mainland North America and claiming it for England.
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In 1534, Jacques Cartier a French explorer, claimed portions of Canada for France.
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In 1534, Jacques Cartier a French explorer, claimed portions of Canada for France.
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Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence river, hoping to find a Northwest Passage to Asia. He ended up claiming large portions of present day Canada for France.
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Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence river, hoping to find a Northwest Passage to Asia. He ended up claiming large portions of present day Canada for France.
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The oldest city in North America is St Augustine, Florida.
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The oldest city in North America is St Augustine, Florida.
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St. Augustine, in Florida, was originally built as a fort to protect Spanish land
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St. Augustine, in Florida, was originally built as a fort to protect Spanish land
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In 1588, Spain sent a mighty fleet, the Spanish Armada, to conquer England. This fleet was destroyed by the English navy, and resulted in a war between England and Spain which lasted until 1604.
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In 1588, Spain sent a mighty fleet, the Spanish Armada, to conquer England. This fleet was destroyed by the English navy, and resulted in a war between England and Spain which lasted until 1604.
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The Jamestown settlement in Virginia was financed by a group of English merchants who formed the London Company.
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The Jamestown settlement in Virginia was financed by a group of English merchants who formed the London Company.
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It was given a charter by the king to set up a colony in Virginia. Its goal was profit--not to set up an agricultural community, but a trading post which earned gold.
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It was given a charter by the king to set up a colony in Virginia. Its goal was profit--not to set up an agricultural community, but a trading post which earned gold.
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Sir Walter Raleigh started the first English settlement in North America on Roanoke Island, and named a portion of land "Virginia."
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Sir Walter Raleigh started the first English settlement in North America on Roanoke Island, and named a portion of land "Virginia."
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Sir Walter Raleigh named the mainland area he intended to colonize Virginia, but Roanoke Island was actually off the coast of present day North Carolina. Roanoke Island did not last long; it was found deserted when the leader returned from a trip to England.
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Sir Walter Raleigh named the mainland area he intended to colonize Virginia, but Roanoke Island was actually off the coast of present day North Carolina. Roanoke Island did not last long; it was found deserted when the leader returned from a trip to England.
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The first permanent settlement in North America by the English was Jamestown. It looked doomed to failure like previous attempts, had it not been for the leadership of John Smith.
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The first permanent settlement in North America by the English was Jamestown. It looked doomed to failure like previous attempts, had it not been for the leadership of John Smith.
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Jamestown, Virginia, was the first permanent settlement by the English in North America. John Smith's leadership was key to its survival.
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Jamestown, Virginia, was the first permanent settlement by the English in North America. John Smith's leadership was key to its survival.
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In 1612, John Rolfe started growing Tobacco in Virginia, which became a huge cash crop, and motivated England to increase its attempts at settlement.
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In 1612, John Rolfe started growing Tobacco in Virginia, which became a huge cash crop, and motivated England to increase its attempts at settlement.
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John Rolfe discovered that tobacco grew well in Virginia. There was a lucrative market for tobacco in Europe, so this gave England a compelling reason to want to colonize America.
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John Rolfe discovered that tobacco grew well in Virginia. There was a lucrative market for tobacco in Europe, so this gave England a compelling reason to want to colonize America.
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In an effort to encourage colonists to settle in Virginia, English settlers were promised the same rights as people in England--this resulted in the first representative assembly in America, the House of Burgesses.
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In an effort to encourage colonists to settle in Virginia, English settlers were promised the same rights as people in England--this resulted in the first representative assembly in America, the House of Burgesses.
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The House of Burgesses was the first representative assembly in the English colonies.
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The House of Burgesses was the first representative assembly in the English colonies.
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Indentured servants differed from slaves in that they were free after working for a specified period of time. Also, they had legal rights that could be enforced in court, and there was no social stigma attached to this type of servitude.
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Indentured servants differed from slaves in that they were free after working for a specified period of time. Also, they had legal rights that could be enforced in court, and there was no social stigma attached to this type of servitude.
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Indentured servants were people who paid for their passage from Europe by agreeing to work without pay for a specified time period. Unlike slaves, they were free after fulfilling their contract, and had legal rights. Many settlers in Virginia and Maryland paid their way there by agreeing to work as indentured servants.
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Indentured servants were people who paid for their passage from Europe by agreeing to work without pay for a specified time period. Unlike slaves, they were free after fulfilling their contract, and had legal rights. Many settlers in Virginia and Maryland paid their way there by agreeing to work as indentured servants.
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The French established a successful fur trade with the Indians in North America. In 1608, a French explorer named Samuel de Champlain established a trading post in Quebec, which was the beginning of "New France."
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The French established a successful fur trade with the Indians in North America. In 1608, a French explorer named Samuel de Champlain established a trading post in Quebec, which was the beginning of "New France."
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In 1609, Holland sent Henry Hudson to search for the Northwestern Passage through America to Asia. He ended up discovering a large river named after him.
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In 1609, Holland sent Henry Hudson to search for the Northwestern Passage through America to Asia. He ended up discovering a large river named after him.
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Henry Hudson sailed to North America trying to find a Northwestern Passage. He ended up finding the Hudson River. The Dutch went on to establish a profitable fur trade on present-day Manhattan Island, which they named New Amsterdam.
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Henry Hudson sailed to North America trying to find a Northwestern Passage. He ended up finding the Hudson River. The Dutch went on to establish a profitable fur trade on present-day Manhattan Island, which they named New Amsterdam.
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In 1620, the Pilgrims came from England in the Mayflower and settled Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
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In 1620, the Pilgrims came from England in the Mayflower and settled Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
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The Pilgrims were originally known as the Separatists, left England for religious freedom, and settled Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
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The Pilgrims were originally known as the Separatists, left England for religious freedom, and settled Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
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Founded in 1629, the most important colony founded in the Massachusetts Bay area was the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
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Founded in 1629, the most important colony founded in the Massachusetts Bay area was the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
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The colony was founded by the Puritans and many of their democratic ideas heavily influenced other English speaking colonies. Many of the early colonists fled to America to escape the religious persecution of King James I.
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The colony was founded by the Puritans and many of their democratic ideas heavily influenced other English speaking colonies. Many of the early colonists fled to America to escape the religious persecution of King James I.
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The Puritans settled Massachusetts in large numbers under the leadership of John Winthrop.
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The Puritans settled Massachusetts in large numbers under the leadership of John Winthrop.
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The Puritans settled Massachusetts shortly after the Pilgrims. By 1642, there were over 20,000 puritan settlers.
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The Puritans settled Massachusetts shortly after the Pilgrims. By 1642, there were over 20,000 puritan settlers.
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The Puritans who founded the New England colony did not believe in separation of church and state--they followed strict moral codes which were enforced by the government.
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The Puritans who founded the New England colony did not believe in separation of church and state--they followed strict moral codes which were enforced by the government.
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The Puritans followed strict moral codes. Judges administered the laws of the colony and the rules of the church. Education was important to the Puritans, and they had a high literacy rate because every person needed to be able to read the Bible.
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The Puritans followed strict moral codes. Judges administered the laws of the colony and the rules of the church. Education was important to the Puritans, and they had a high literacy rate because every person needed to be able to read the Bible.
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A puritan preacher, Roger Williams, founded Providence, Rhode Island after being asked to leave Massachusetts for his disruptive activities.
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A puritan preacher, Roger Williams, founded Providence, Rhode Island after being asked to leave Massachusetts for his disruptive activities.
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Roger Williams was a Puritan preacher who ended up fleeing from Massachusetts and founding Providence. He later combined Providence, Portsmouth and several other settlements to create Rhode Island.
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Roger Williams was a Puritan preacher who ended up fleeing from Massachusetts and founding Providence. He later combined Providence, Portsmouth and several other settlements to create Rhode Island.
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Anne Hutchinson was banished from Massachusetts by the Puritans and ended up founding Portsmouth.
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Anne Hutchinson was banished from Massachusetts by the Puritans and ended up founding Portsmouth.
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Anne Hutchinson founded Portsmouth, in what is now Rhode Island.
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Anne Hutchinson founded Portsmouth, in what is now Rhode Island.
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In 1636, Thomas Hooker left Massachusetts and founded Hartford.
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In 1636, Thomas Hooker left Massachusetts and founded Hartford.
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Thomas Hooker led a group of settlers to found Hartford, in what is now Connecticut
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Thomas Hooker led a group of settlers to found Hartford, in what is now Connecticut
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The Massachusetts colony was founded primarily to show the world how a proper Christian society should be.
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The Massachusetts colony was founded primarily to show the world how a proper Christian society should be.
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The Puritans settled Massachusetts with the intent of creating a model Christian community. Religious freedom was a secondary reason.
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The Puritans settled Massachusetts with the intent of creating a model Christian community. Religious freedom was a secondary reason.
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Roger William's colony, Rhode Island, was unique in that it granted complete religious toleration.
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Roger William's colony, Rhode Island, was unique in that it granted complete religious toleration.
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Pennsylvania was one of the colonies which did not have an established church, and was known for its climate of freedom and diversity, with Quakers, Presbyterians, Catholics, and Jews settling there.
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Pennsylvania was one of the colonies which did not have an established church, and was known for its climate of freedom and diversity, with Quakers, Presbyterians, Catholics, and Jews settling there.
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Pennsylvania, founded by William Penn, was known for its complete religious freedom, as opposed to mere religious toleration. It was one of the four colonies which did not have an established church--the other three being New Jersey, Delaware, and Rhode Island.
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Pennsylvania, founded by William Penn, was known for its complete religious freedom, as opposed to mere religious toleration. It was one of the four colonies which did not have an established church--the other three being New Jersey, Delaware, and Rhode Island.
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Roger Williams believed that there should be no government interference with religion, and established Rhode Island.
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Roger Williams believed that there should be no government interference with religion, and established Rhode Island.
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After being banished from New England, Roger Williams founded the Rhode Island colony. Part of the reason he was banned from New England was that he was outspoken on his belief that the government should not have control over religion.
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After being banished from New England, Roger Williams founded the Rhode Island colony. Part of the reason he was banned from New England was that he was outspoken on his belief that the government should not have control over religion.
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Maryland was founded as a refuge for English Catholics, and was a gift from the King of England to Lord Baltimore for his loyalty.
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Maryland was founded as a refuge for English Catholics, and was a gift from the King of England to Lord Baltimore for his loyalty.
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Maryland was founded by Lord Baltimore, and guaranteed political rights to all Christians.
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Maryland was founded by Lord Baltimore, and guaranteed political rights to all Christians.
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Virginia was the first English colony founded for trade and profit instead of for religious reasons.
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Virginia was the first English colony founded for trade and profit instead of for religious reasons.
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Most of the earliest colonies were founded for religious reasons; Virginia was founded for trade and profit--primarily through the growth of tobacco.
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Most of the earliest colonies were founded for religious reasons; Virginia was founded for trade and profit--primarily through the growth of tobacco.
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The North Carolina colony developed as an overflow from the Virginia colony.
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The North Carolina colony developed as an overflow from the Virginia colony.
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The North Carolina colony was founded by settlers who drifted down from Virginia. Originally, the Carolinas were one colony, but differences in interest and outlook resulted in two different colonies.
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The North Carolina colony was founded by settlers who drifted down from Virginia. Originally, the Carolinas were one colony, but differences in interest and outlook resulted in two different colonies.
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The South Carolina colony was settled by emigrants from the overcrowded West Indies. They started Charleston, named after the King, and had rice as a cash crop.
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The South Carolina colony was settled by emigrants from the overcrowded West Indies. They started Charleston, named after the King, and had rice as a cash crop.
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The South Carolina colony was settled by emigrants from the West Indies. From the beginning, South Carolina had slavery as a fully developed institution.
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The South Carolina colony was settled by emigrants from the West Indies. From the beginning, South Carolina had slavery as a fully developed institution.
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The Dutch colony of New Netherlands was conquered by James, the Duke of York, the brother of King Charles II, and became New York.
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The Dutch colony of New Netherlands was conquered by James, the Duke of York, the brother of King Charles II, and became New York.
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James, the Duke of York, conquered New Netherlands with little bloodshed. He renamed it New York.
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James, the Duke of York, conquered New Netherlands with little bloodshed. He renamed it New York.
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The New Jersey colony was founded by two of the proprietors who owned the Carolinas.
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The New Jersey colony was founded by two of the proprietors who owned the Carolinas.
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New Jersey was founded when King James II granted a chunk of New York to two of the original Carolinas proprietors.
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New Jersey was founded when King James II granted a chunk of New York to two of the original Carolinas proprietors.
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The New England colony had a significantly higher life expectancy and literacy rate than the other colonies.
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The New England colony had a significantly higher life expectancy and literacy rate than the other colonies.
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The New England colony, predominantly Puritan, had a life expectancy 25-30 years higher than other colonists. They were also better educated.
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The New England colony, predominantly Puritan, had a life expectancy 25-30 years higher than other colonists. They were also better educated.
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In colonial times, black slaves were at the bottom of Southern society.
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In colonial times, black slaves were at the bottom of Southern society.
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By the early eighteenth century, black slaves outnumbered the white population of South Carolina.
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By the early eighteenth century, black slaves outnumbered the white population of South Carolina.
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Due to the large numbers of slaves imported, by the early 18th century, black slaves outnumbered the white population in South Carolina. There were a large number of slaves in the Chesapeake colonies as well, but South Carolina had the most since it was dominated by large populations.
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Due to the large numbers of slaves imported, by the early 18th century, black slaves outnumbered the white population in South Carolina. There were a large number of slaves in the Chesapeake colonies as well, but South Carolina had the most since it was dominated by large populations.
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The objective of British Mercantilism was to maximize the nation's wealth.
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The objective of British Mercantilism was to maximize the nation's wealth.
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British mercantilism, which is taken from the word "merchant," involved managing the economy, as opposed to allowing free markets, to maximize profits for Britain.
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British mercantilism, which is taken from the word "merchant," involved managing the economy, as opposed to allowing free markets, to maximize profits for Britain.
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The Navigation Acts passed by the British Parliament severely limited with who and how the colonies could trade. There were four parts to these Acts, passed between 1651 and 1673.
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The Navigation Acts passed by the British Parliament severely limited with who and how the colonies could trade. There were four parts to these Acts, passed between 1651 and 1673.
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The Navigation Acts were passed, limiting who the colonies could trade with. It drove down the price of American goods, and raised the price of British goods, angering the colonists.
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The Navigation Acts were passed, limiting who the colonies could trade with. It drove down the price of American goods, and raised the price of British goods, angering the colonists.
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Under the Navigation Acts, certain products could be shipped only to England. At the same time, the colonies gained an advantage in the British market for many of these products, to include iron, raw silk, hemp, and Naval stores (i.e. masts, tar, pitch).
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Under the Navigation Acts, certain products could be shipped only to England. At the same time, the colonies gained an advantage in the British market for many of these products, to include iron, raw silk, hemp, and Naval stores (i.e. masts, tar, pitch).
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Iron, raw silk, hemp, and naval stores are examples of some items for which Great Britain gave the colonies a market advantage. Naval stores include items such as masts, yards, bowsprits, etc.--the northern colonies were known for their shipbuilding.
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Iron, raw silk, hemp, and naval stores are examples of some items for which Great Britain gave the colonies a market advantage. Naval stores include items such as masts, yards, bowsprits, etc.--the northern colonies were known for their shipbuilding.
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In 1676, England sent troops and ships to Virginia as a result of Bacon's Rebellion, led by Nathaniel Bacon.
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In 1676, England sent troops and ships to Virginia as a result of Bacon's Rebellion, led by Nathaniel Bacon.
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Bacon's Rebellion was started by Nathaniel Bacon. He ended up dying of dysentery, but as a result England sent troops to Virginia, and tried to run the colony more strictly.
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Bacon's Rebellion was started by Nathaniel Bacon. He ended up dying of dysentery, but as a result England sent troops to Virginia, and tried to run the colony more strictly.
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In 1675, around 2000 settlers were killed by Indians in what is known as King Phillip's War.
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In 1675, around 2000 settlers were killed by Indians in what is known as King Phillip's War.
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King Phillip's War, led by Wampanoag chief King Phillip, resulted in the death of around 2000 settlers.
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King Phillip's War, led by Wampanoag chief King Phillip, resulted in the death of around 2000 settlers.
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King James II had a plan to create a unified government for New England, New York, and New Jersey, which he planned on calling the Dominion of New England.
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King James II had a plan to create a unified government for New England, New York, and New Jersey, which he planned on calling the Dominion of New England.
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This was to be called the Dominion of New England, and would get rid of the representative assemblies currently in those colonies, and would impose the Church of England on the Puritans.
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This was to be called the Dominion of New England, and would get rid of the representative assemblies currently in those colonies, and would impose the Church of England on the Puritans.
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A total of 20 people were killed in the Salem Witch Trials in Salem Village.
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A total of 20 people were killed in the Salem Witch Trials in Salem Village.
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Twenty people were executed before Puritan ministers could intervene.
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Twenty people were executed before Puritan ministers could intervene.
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Pennsylvania was founded as a refuge for a group of people called the Quakers, who wanted to escape persecution for their beliefs.
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Pennsylvania was founded as a refuge for a group of people called the Quakers, who wanted to escape persecution for their beliefs.
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Pennsylvania was founded as a refuge for the Quakers by William Penn. Penn received the land for Pennsylvania from King Charles and personally worked to maintain peaceful relations with the local Indians.
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Pennsylvania was founded as a refuge for the Quakers by William Penn. Penn received the land for Pennsylvania from King Charles and personally worked to maintain peaceful relations with the local Indians.
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King William's War, which was mainly fought in Europe did result in raids by Indians. It eventually was resolved with the Treaty of Ryswick.
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King William's War, which was mainly fought in Europe did result in raids by Indians. It eventually was resolved with the Treaty of Ryswick.
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King William's War in 1689 was primarily fought in Europe, and lasted 8 years.
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King William's War in 1689 was primarily fought in Europe, and lasted 8 years.
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Queen Anne's War, started in 1702 against France and Spain, gave Britain major territorial gains and trade advantages. It was ended with the Treaty of Utrecht.
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Queen Anne's War, started in 1702 against France and Spain, gave Britain major territorial gains and trade advantages. It was ended with the Treaty of Utrecht.
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Queen Anne's War was started in 1702, and lasted 11 years.
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Queen Anne's War was started in 1702, and lasted 11 years.
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In 1739, King George's War was fought with France and Spain, and was the first of England's wars in which the colonist troops played a major role. It was ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.
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In 1739, King George's War was fought with France and Spain, and was the first of England's wars in which the colonist troops played a major role. It was ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.
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King George's War lasted nine years, and thousands of colonial troops were killed fighting the French.
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King George's War lasted nine years, and thousands of colonial troops were killed fighting the French.
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The Georgia colony was founded in 1732 to act as a buffer between South Carolina and Florida. It was to be settled by the debtors and paupers who filled English jails.
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The Georgia colony was founded in 1732 to act as a buffer between South Carolina and Florida. It was to be settled by the debtors and paupers who filled English jails.
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General James Oglethorpe founded the Georgia colony, which ended up being a lot like South Carolina.
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General James Oglethorpe founded the Georgia colony, which ended up being a lot like South Carolina.
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Prior to the American Revolution, Tobacco from the Chesapeake region accounted for nearly half of Britain�s trade with the colonies.
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Prior to the American Revolution, Tobacco from the Chesapeake region accounted for nearly half of Britain�s trade with the colonies.
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Before the cotton gin, tobacco was the most profitable crop to grow in America, and accounted for nearly half of the colonies' exports. Before the American Revolution, due to the Navigation Acts, the colonies were not allowed to export products to countries other than Britain.
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Before the cotton gin, tobacco was the most profitable crop to grow in America, and accounted for nearly half of the colonies' exports. Before the American Revolution, due to the Navigation Acts, the colonies were not allowed to export products to countries other than Britain.
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The headright system was implemented by the London Company in Virginia to stimulate immigration. Every head of family already in Virginia received 50 acres of land, and 50 acres of land was given to every person who came to the colony.
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The headright system was implemented by the London Company in Virginia to stimulate immigration. Every head of family already in Virginia received 50 acres of land, and 50 acres of land was given to every person who came to the colony.
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This was known as the "headright" system. The London Company owned the charter for Virginia, and hoped to populate its colony without expense by offering the one resource it had plenty of--land.
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This was known as the "headright" system. The London Company owned the charter for Virginia, and hoped to populate its colony without expense by offering the one resource it had plenty of--land.
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In the 18th century, an intellectual movement was occurring in Europe, centered around the concept of rationalism. This movement was known as the Enlightenment.
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In the 18th century, an intellectual movement was occurring in Europe, centered around the concept of rationalism. This movement was known as the Enlightenment.
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The Enlightenment movement was embraced by some Americans, and one of the most famous American followers was Ben Franklin.
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The Enlightenment movement was embraced by some Americans, and one of the most famous American followers was Ben Franklin.
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An English philosopher during the "Enlightenment" came up with a set of natural laws, saying that governments who did not provide the rights of life, liberty, and property could be overthrown. His name was John Locke.
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An English philosopher during the "Enlightenment" came up with a set of natural laws, saying that governments who did not provide the rights of life, liberty, and property could be overthrown. His name was John Locke.
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John Locke came up with this "law of nature," which many Americans equated with the universal law of God.
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John Locke came up with this "law of nature," which many Americans equated with the universal law of God.
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The author of Poor Richard's Almanac was Benjamin Franklin, and it contained bits of wisdom and humor.
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The author of Poor Richard's Almanac was Benjamin Franklin, and it contained bits of wisdom and humor.
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From the 1720's the 1740's a movement known as the Great Awakening occurred in the colonies, resulting in the founding of some Ivy League Schools and a division in the religious community between "Old Lights", and "New Lights. "
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From the 1720's the 1740's a movement known as the Great Awakening occurred in the colonies, resulting in the founding of some Ivy League Schools and a division in the religious community between "Old Lights", and "New Lights. "
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The Great Awakening was a time of religious revivals, and resulted in a division in the religious community.
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The Great Awakening was a time of religious revivals, and resulted in a division in the religious community.
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The French and Indian War was started in 1754 when George Washington was ordered to lead militiamen to expel the French settling in Western Pennsylvania.
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The French and Indian War was started in 1754 when George Washington was ordered to lead militiamen to expel the French settling in Western Pennsylvania.
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The French and Indian War lasted seven years, and was known as the "Seven Year's War" in Europe.
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The French and Indian War lasted seven years, and was known as the "Seven Year's War" in Europe.
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The French and Indian War resulted in France losing all of its lands in North America, and expanded Britain's holdings to include Canada and the lands east of the Mississippi River.
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The French and Indian War resulted in France losing all of its lands in North America, and expanded Britain's holdings to include Canada and the lands east of the Mississippi River.
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The French and Indian War, ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris resulted in enormous expansion of England's land holdings in North America.
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The French and Indian War, ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris resulted in enormous expansion of England's land holdings in North America.
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In 1763, George Grenville became prime minister of England, and was the first in a string of English leaders who agitated the colonists to the point of the Revolutionary war.
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In 1763, George Grenville became prime minister of England, and was the first in a string of English leaders who agitated the colonists to the point of the Revolutionary war.
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George Grenville passed laws through Parliament such as the Sugar Act, the Proclamation of 1763, and the Stamp Act.
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George Grenville passed laws through Parliament such as the Sugar Act, the Proclamation of 1763, and the Stamp Act.
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The Sugar Act of 1764 was the first act passed by the English Parliament to raise tax revenues in the American colonies. The purpose of the new revenue was to pay off the English debts incurred during the French and Indian War.
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The Sugar Act of 1764 was the first act passed by the English Parliament to raise tax revenues in the American colonies. The purpose of the new revenue was to pay off the English debts incurred during the French and Indian War.
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George Grenville pushed the Sugar Act through Parliament in 1764. It required high taxes be paid on goods imported into the colonies including molasses and sugar. Additionally the Act complicated the shipment of colonial goods requiring ship's captains to fill out a variety of confusing forms, the failure to do so resulting in the entire cargo being subject to seizure. Also, the Sugar Act ignored traditional government protections for a fair trial. Americans suspected of smuggling were no longer to be tried by a jury of their peers and instead were tried by judges of the Royal Admiralty. These British judges would receive five percent of any confiscated cargo and therefore were very motivated to find suspects guilty.
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George Grenville pushed the Sugar Act through Parliament in 1764. It required high taxes be paid on goods imported into the colonies including molasses and sugar. Additionally the Act complicated the shipment of colonial goods requiring ship's captains to fill out a variety of confusing forms, the failure to do so resulting in the entire cargo being subject to seizure. Also, the Sugar Act ignored traditional government protections for a fair trial. Americans suspected of smuggling were no longer to be tried by a jury of their peers and instead were tried by judges of the Royal Admiralty. These British judges would receive five percent of any confiscated cargo and therefore were very motivated to find suspects guilty.
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The Proclamation of 1763, passed by George Grenville, did not allow settlers to move west of the Appalachians.
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The Proclamation of 1763, passed by George Grenville, did not allow settlers to move west of the Appalachians.
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The Proclamation of 1763 forbade settlers from moving west of the Appalachians, and was supposed to appease the Indians, who were constantly attacking settlers and costing England a lot of money.
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The Proclamation of 1763 forbade settlers from moving west of the Appalachians, and was supposed to appease the Indians, who were constantly attacking settlers and costing England a lot of money.
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The Currency Act of 1764 made it illegal for the colonies to issue paper money and required taxes be paid in gold or silver, also known as "specie".
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The Currency Act of 1764 made it illegal for the colonies to issue paper money and required taxes be paid in gold or silver, also known as "specie".
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Specie means "hard money" and in the time of the American colonies it usually meant silver but it could also mean gold.
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Specie means "hard money" and in the time of the American colonies it usually meant silver but it could also mean gold.
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The Stamp Act passed in 1765 was the first tax imposed directly on the Americans, and required them to purchase revenue stamps for practically anything they purchased.
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The Stamp Act passed in 1765 was the first tax imposed directly on the Americans, and required them to purchase revenue stamps for practically anything they purchased.
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The Stamp Act, passed because of George Grenville, was one of the significant things that England did which made the colonists angry and suspicious.
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The Stamp Act, passed because of George Grenville, was one of the significant things that England did which made the colonists angry and suspicious.
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Samuel Adams formed the Sons of Liberty to resist English tyranny as a result of the Stamp Act and other unfair laws.
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Samuel Adams formed the Sons of Liberty to resist English tyranny as a result of the Stamp Act and other unfair laws.
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Grenville was replaced with Lord Rockingham, who repealed the hated Stamp Act, and passed the Declaratory Act, which stated that England had the right to impose any laws or taxes on the colonies.
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Grenville was replaced with Lord Rockingham, who repealed the hated Stamp Act, and passed the Declaratory Act, which stated that England had the right to impose any laws or taxes on the colonies.
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The Declaratory Act was aimed at the Americans' complaints of "taxation without representation." Most Americans, happy with the repeal of the Stamp Act, ignored the Declaratory Act.
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The Declaratory Act was aimed at the Americans' complaints of "taxation without representation." Most Americans, happy with the repeal of the Stamp Act, ignored the Declaratory Act.
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George Grenville was replaced by Lord Rockingham, who was quickly replaced by Charles Townshend, who passed the Townshend Acts. What was known as the Boston Massacre occurred soon after.
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George Grenville was replaced by Lord Rockingham, who was quickly replaced by Charles Townshend, who passed the Townshend Acts. What was known as the Boston Massacre occurred soon after.
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Charles Townshend had Parliament pass what was known as the Townshend Acts, which was another attempt by England to impose taxes on the colonists. Many colonists resisted, and five Bostonians were killed in the "Boston Massacre."
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Charles Townshend had Parliament pass what was known as the Townshend Acts, which was another attempt by England to impose taxes on the colonists. Many colonists resisted, and five Bostonians were killed in the "Boston Massacre."
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Charles Townshend was replaced by Lord North, and all taxes were repealed except for the tax on tea. Relations settled down between the colonists and England until the Tea Act of 1773.
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Charles Townshend was replaced by Lord North, and all taxes were repealed except for the tax on tea. Relations settled down between the colonists and England until the Tea Act of 1773.
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The Parliament passed the Tea Act of 1773. This lowered the cost of British tea, making it cheaper than smuggled tea even though it was taxed. This resulted in the Boston Tea Party, where Bostonians dressed as Indians boarded a British merchant ship and threw the tea overboard.
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The Parliament passed the Tea Act of 1773. This lowered the cost of British tea, making it cheaper than smuggled tea even though it was taxed. This resulted in the Boston Tea Party, where Bostonians dressed as Indians boarded a British merchant ship and threw the tea overboard.
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Under the Navigation Acts, England had a monopoly over the American colonies' shipping.
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Under the Navigation Acts, England had a monopoly over the American colonies' shipping.
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The Navigation Acts were meant to make the colonies and parent country dependent on each other--foreign vessels could not trade with English colonies, English vessels had a monopoly over all colonial shipping, and for certain products, the colonies could only trade with England, and the English merchants could only purchase these products from the colonies.
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The Navigation Acts were meant to make the colonies and parent country dependent on each other--foreign vessels could not trade with English colonies, English vessels had a monopoly over all colonial shipping, and for certain products, the colonies could only trade with England, and the English merchants could only purchase these products from the colonies.
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The Boston Tea Party was Boston's response to the Tea Act of 1773, and involved people dressed as Indians boarding a British merchant ship and dumping the tea overboard.
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The Boston Tea Party was Boston's response to the Tea Act of 1773, and involved people dressed as Indians boarding a British merchant ship and dumping the tea overboard.
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The Boston Tea Party was organized by the Sons of Liberty, who dressed as Indians and dumped thousands of dollars worth of tea into the ocean.
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The Boston Tea Party was organized by the Sons of Liberty, who dressed as Indians and dumped thousands of dollars worth of tea into the ocean.
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The Tea Act gave the British East India Company a monopoly on all tea shipped to America, allowing the East India Company to charge prices lower than the tea smuggled in by colonial merchants.
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The Tea Act gave the British East India Company a monopoly on all tea shipped to America, allowing the East India Company to charge prices lower than the tea smuggled in by colonial merchants.
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The Tea Act, also known as the East India Company Act, resulted in the Boston Tea Party as Americans resisted buying British tea. In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts.
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The Tea Act, also known as the East India Company Act, resulted in the Boston Tea Party as Americans resisted buying British tea. In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts.
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The British response to the Boston Tea Party in the form of five acts was known by the Americans as the Intolerable Acts.
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The British response to the Boston Tea Party in the form of five acts was known by the Americans as the Intolerable Acts.
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The colonists called the Quebec Act and the four acts passed in response to the Boston Tea Party the "Intolerable Acts."
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The colonists called the Quebec Act and the four acts passed in response to the Boston Tea Party the "Intolerable Acts."
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In response to the Coercive Acts, which the colonists called the Intolerable Acts, the First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in September 1774.
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In response to the Coercive Acts, which the colonists called the Intolerable Acts, the First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in September 1774.
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The First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and tried to negotiate with Parliament, in addition to calling for the colonists to boycott and to prepare local militias to respond to possible use of military force by the English.
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The First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and tried to negotiate with Parliament, in addition to calling for the colonists to boycott and to prepare local militias to respond to possible use of military force by the English.
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The Continental Congress of 1774 resulted in the adoption of the Suffolk Resolves which declared the Intolerable Acts unconstitutional.
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The Continental Congress of 1774 resulted in the adoption of the Suffolk Resolves which declared the Intolerable Acts unconstitutional.
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Additionally, the Suffolk Resolves created a colonial association to enforce the non-importation boycott.
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Additionally, the Suffolk Resolves created a colonial association to enforce the non-importation boycott.
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The Intolerable Acts placed the Massachusetts colony under military rule and forced colonists to provide food and housing for the soldiers who ruled them.
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The Intolerable Acts placed the Massachusetts colony under military rule and forced colonists to provide food and housing for the soldiers who ruled them.
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These were two of the main acts in the five acts known as the Intolerable Acts. In response to the Intolerable Acts, the First Continental Congress met to assert American rights and demand repeal of the Intolerable Acts.
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These were two of the main acts in the five acts known as the Intolerable Acts. In response to the Intolerable Acts, the First Continental Congress met to assert American rights and demand repeal of the Intolerable Acts.
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The First Continental Congress was created in answer to the Intolerable Acts. England decided to ignore this Congress, however, and marched on Concord, starting the Revolutionary War.
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The First Continental Congress was created in answer to the Intolerable Acts. England decided to ignore this Congress, however, and marched on Concord, starting the Revolutionary War.
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They marched on Concord, Massachusetts, intending to destroy a stockpile of colonial arms. The arms were gone, but a skirmish between colonial militia and the British broke out. This was the beginning of the Revolutionary War.
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They marched on Concord, Massachusetts, intending to destroy a stockpile of colonial arms. The arms were gone, but a skirmish between colonial militia and the British broke out. This was the beginning of the Revolutionary War.
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The bloodiest battle of the war was fought at Bunker Hill, on June 17, 1775. Over one thousand British soldiers were killed or wounded.
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The bloodiest battle of the war was fought at Bunker Hill, on June 17, 1775. Over one thousand British soldiers were killed or wounded.
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The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought when the Americans fortified a hill from which they planned to bombard the British troops who were occupying Boston. The British lost over a thousand men trying to seize control of this hill.
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The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought when the Americans fortified a hill from which they planned to bombard the British troops who were occupying Boston. The British lost over a thousand men trying to seize control of this hill.
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In May, 1775, the Second Continental Congress met, making a final plea to King George to intercede and restore peace. It also put George Washington in command of the New England army surrounding Boston.
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In May, 1775, the Second Continental Congress met, making a final plea to King George to intercede and restore peace. It also put George Washington in command of the New England army surrounding Boston.
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The Second Continental Congress met in May 1775. The "Olive Branch Petition" was their attempt to get King George to come up with a peaceful solution to the conflict.
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The Second Continental Congress met in May 1775. The "Olive Branch Petition" was their attempt to get King George to come up with a peaceful solution to the conflict.
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In January 1776, Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense, a pamphlet arguing for complete independence.
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In January 1776, Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense, a pamphlet arguing for complete independence.
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Common Sense argued for complete independence, and is considered to have swayed thousands of Americans who had half-formed feelings about going to war with Britain. At around the same time, in March of 1776, Abigail Adams was pushing for the rights of women to not be forgotten. Though Abigail Adams did not disagree with women's limited role for the most part, she did believe that they deserved some rights. The most important rights that she wanted for women were the rights to education, as well as legal and political rights. In a letter to John Adams in 1776, she told him, "Remember, all men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation."
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Common Sense argued for complete independence, and is considered to have swayed thousands of Americans who had half-formed feelings about going to war with Britain. At around the same time, in March of 1776, Abigail Adams was pushing for the rights of women to not be forgotten. Though Abigail Adams did not disagree with women's limited role for the most part, she did believe that they deserved some rights. The most important rights that she wanted for women were the rights to education, as well as legal and political rights. In a letter to John Adams in 1776, she told him, "Remember, all men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation."
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The Prohibitory Act by England was virtually a declaration of war on America, by declaring the colonies in rebellion.
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The Prohibitory Act by England was virtually a declaration of war on America, by declaring the colonies in rebellion.
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The Prohibitory Act was declared by England as they made preparation for all out war against the colonies.
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The Prohibitory Act was declared by England as they made preparation for all out war against the colonies.
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Early in the Revolutionary War, Fort Ticonderoga was captured by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold.
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Early in the Revolutionary War, Fort Ticonderoga was captured by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold.
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The Declaration of Independence was adopted by Congress on July 4, 1776. It was written by Thomas Jefferson, and summarized principles of human freedom and popular government.
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The Declaration of Independence was adopted by Congress on July 4, 1776. It was written by Thomas Jefferson, and summarized principles of human freedom and popular government.
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The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson and stated the common political ideas of the American people.
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The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson and stated the common political ideas of the American people.
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In March 1776, Washington finally forced the British to leave Boston by placing cannons taken from Fort Ticonderoga on a hill outside the city.
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In March 1776, Washington finally forced the British to leave Boston by placing cannons taken from Fort Ticonderoga on a hill outside the city.
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Using oxen and sleds, the colonial army had dragged cannons from Fort Ticonderoga to Boston over the winter. Washington used these cannons to force the British to leave Boston.
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Using oxen and sleds, the colonial army had dragged cannons from Fort Ticonderoga to Boston over the winter. Washington used these cannons to force the British to leave Boston.
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After forcing the British to leave Boston, Washington experienced a string of defeats. His army was demoralized and falling apart, but a major victory at Trenton, NJ on Christmas night, 1776, saved his army.
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After forcing the British to leave Boston, Washington experienced a string of defeats. His army was demoralized and falling apart, but a major victory at Trenton, NJ on Christmas night, 1776, saved his army.
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Washington launched a surprise attack on the Hessians (Germans fighting for the British) at Trenton, New Jersey while they were still drunk on Christmas night.
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Washington launched a surprise attack on the Hessians (Germans fighting for the British) at Trenton, New Jersey while they were still drunk on Christmas night.
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The French joined the colonists in the war against England, sending arms and money, and later troops, to America.
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The French joined the colonists in the war against England, sending arms and money, and later troops, to America.
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France openly joined the colonists after the Battle of Saratoga, having decided that the colonists might be able to win the war after all. They did this to get back at their old enemy, England not because they valued freedom. The Spanish and the Dutch also joined the war a few months after the French.
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France openly joined the colonists after the Battle of Saratoga, having decided that the colonists might be able to win the war after all. They did this to get back at their old enemy, England not because they valued freedom. The Spanish and the Dutch also joined the war a few months after the French.
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The British strategy was to end the war by 1777 by dividing the colonies into two. This effort was led by General Burgoyne, until he was defeated at Saratoga and surrendered his entire army.
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The British strategy was to end the war by 1777 by dividing the colonies into two. This effort was led by General Burgoyne, until he was defeated at Saratoga and surrendered his entire army.
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General Burgoyne led an army down from Canada, retaking Fort Ticonderoga, and heading towards New York City. At Saratoga, he was defeated by Benedict Arnold and General Gates. This was a major victory, because it convinced the French to openly support the American effort.
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General Burgoyne led an army down from Canada, retaking Fort Ticonderoga, and heading towards New York City. At Saratoga, he was defeated by Benedict Arnold and General Gates. This was a major victory, because it convinced the French to openly support the American effort.
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While British General Burgoyne was defeated at Saratoga, General Howe captured the American capital, Philadelphia, forcing Congress to move to another city, and resulting in Washington spending the winter at Valley Forge.
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While British General Burgoyne was defeated at Saratoga, General Howe captured the American capital, Philadelphia, forcing Congress to move to another city, and resulting in Washington spending the winter at Valley Forge.
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General Howe captured Philadelphia and spent the winter there, forcing Congress to flee to Lancaster and then later set up in York, Pennsylvania.
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General Howe captured Philadelphia and spent the winter there, forcing Congress to flee to Lancaster and then later set up in York, Pennsylvania.
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After General Howe captured Philadelphia, he was relieved by General Clinton, whose new strategy involved capturing the South.
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After General Howe captured Philadelphia, he was relieved by General Clinton, whose new strategy involved capturing the South.
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General Clinton decided to focus on capturing the South, which rumors said contained many people loyal to Britain, known as Loyalists.
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General Clinton decided to focus on capturing the South, which rumors said contained many people loyal to Britain, known as Loyalists.
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In the South, Clinton and Cornwallis took Georgia and South Carolina with ease, until forces led by Nathaniel Greene recaptured South Carolina.
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In the South, Clinton and Cornwallis took Georgia and South Carolina with ease, until forces led by Nathaniel Greene recaptured South Carolina.
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Washington appointed Nathaniel Greene to command the colonial forces in the South. Greene was victorious in crushing British opposition in South Carolina. Cornwallis then abandoned the South and led his forces into Virginia.
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Washington appointed Nathaniel Greene to command the colonial forces in the South. Greene was victorious in crushing British opposition in South Carolina. Cornwallis then abandoned the South and led his forces into Virginia.
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After Nathaniel Greene retook South Carolina from the British, Cornwallis moved up into Virginia, where he took up a defensive position at Yorktown, Virginia.
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After Nathaniel Greene retook South Carolina from the British, Cornwallis moved up into Virginia, where he took up a defensive position at Yorktown, Virginia.
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Cornwallis, following Clinton's orders, stayed in Yorktown. He ended up surrendering when Washington, with the aid of French fleet and army, surrounded his forces in Yorktown.
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Cornwallis, following Clinton's orders, stayed in Yorktown. He ended up surrendering when Washington, with the aid of French fleet and army, surrounded his forces in Yorktown.
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The Revolutionary War ended after defeating Cornwallis at Yorktown with the Treaty of Paris of 1783.
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The Revolutionary War ended after defeating Cornwallis at Yorktown with the Treaty of Paris of 1783.
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The Treaty of Paris of 1783 stated that the major European countries recognized the United States as a nation.
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The Treaty of Paris of 1783 stated that the major European countries recognized the United States as a nation.
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The initial government of the United States was outlined in the Articles of Confederation, establishing a weak national government which could not levy taxes, raise troops, or regulate commerce.
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The initial government of the United States was outlined in the Articles of Confederation, establishing a weak national government which could not levy taxes, raise troops, or regulate commerce.
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The Articles of Confederation involved a unicameral Congress, and required unanimous approval of all the states to undergo amendment.
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The Articles of Confederation involved a unicameral Congress, and required unanimous approval of all the states to undergo amendment.
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The Articles of Confederation, established the first government of the United States after the Revolutionary War, and gave the federal government very limited powers-- the ability to make war and treaties with other countries.
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The Articles of Confederation, established the first government of the United States after the Revolutionary War, and gave the federal government very limited powers-- the ability to make war and treaties with other countries.
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The Articles of Confederation provided for a government with no executive or judiciary branch, only a legislature. It did not give the federal government the power to impose taxes, or regulate trade; its power was limited to making war, alliances, and treaties with other countries. It was replaced by the Constitution in 1789.
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The Articles of Confederation provided for a government with no executive or judiciary branch, only a legislature. It did not give the federal government the power to impose taxes, or regulate trade; its power was limited to making war, alliances, and treaties with other countries. It was replaced by the Constitution in 1789.
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Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government was unable to collect taxes, and the country fell into financial trouble. The Newburgh Conspiracy was a plan by some to use the army to force the states to give up more power.
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Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government was unable to collect taxes, and the country fell into financial trouble. The Newburgh Conspiracy was a plan by some to use the army to force the states to give up more power.
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The Newburgh Conspiracy was a movement by some who wanted a strong national government to use the army to force the states to relinquish some power. It was stopped by Washington, who appealed to his men.
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The Newburgh Conspiracy was a movement by some who wanted a strong national government to use the army to force the states to relinquish some power. It was stopped by Washington, who appealed to his men.
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An attempt to ammend the Articles of Confederations so that the government could levy taxes was blocked by Rhode Island.
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An attempt to ammend the Articles of Confederations so that the government could levy taxes was blocked by Rhode Island.
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Rhode Island alone turned down the amendment. Under the Articles of Confederation unanimous approval was required to make an amendment.
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Rhode Island alone turned down the amendment. Under the Articles of Confederation unanimous approval was required to make an amendment.
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The Land Ordinance of 1785 was how Congress controlled the splitting up of land in the Northwest. It provided for the distribution of land in units called townships.
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The Land Ordinance of 1785 was how Congress controlled the splitting up of land in the Northwest. It provided for the distribution of land in units called townships.
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The Land Ordinance of 1785 was also how Congress hoped to make some money; they ended up selling huge areas of land for mere pennies per acre to land companies.
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The Land Ordinance of 1785 was also how Congress hoped to make some money; they ended up selling huge areas of land for mere pennies per acre to land companies.
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The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 provided government for the Northwest, stated the requirements for becoming a recognized state, and included a bill of rights. Also, it prohibited slavery north of the Ohio River.
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The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 provided government for the Northwest, stated the requirements for becoming a recognized state, and included a bill of rights. Also, it prohibited slavery north of the Ohio River.
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The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 followed the Land Ordinance of 1785 in defining how the Northwest would be settled and governed.
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The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 followed the Land Ordinance of 1785 in defining how the Northwest would be settled and governed.
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The Jay-Gardoqui Negotiations in 1785 was an effort by John Jay to create a treaty with Spanish minister Gardoqui that would help the US break out of its economic depression by offering profitable commercial privileges.
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The Jay-Gardoqui Negotiations in 1785 was an effort by John Jay to create a treaty with Spanish minister Gardoqui that would help the US break out of its economic depression by offering profitable commercial privileges.
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The Jay-Gardoqui Negotiations were turned down by Congress since it showed little concern for the West and South by closing the Mississippi River to the transportation of goods.
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The Jay-Gardoqui Negotiations were turned down by Congress since it showed little concern for the West and South by closing the Mississippi River to the transportation of goods.
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In 1787, the same year the Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia, the Northwest Ordinance was passed to provide government for the territory northwest of the Ohio River.
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In 1787, the same year the Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia, the Northwest Ordinance was passed to provide government for the territory northwest of the Ohio River.
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The Northwest Ordinance was passed in 1787 by the Continental Congress, while the Constitutional Convention was in session in Philadelphia.
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The Northwest Ordinance was passed in 1787 by the Continental Congress, while the Constitutional Convention was in session in Philadelphia.
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Thomas Jefferson's definition of human rights in the Declaration of Independence was borrowed from John Locke.
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Thomas Jefferson's definition of human rights in the Declaration of Independence was borrowed from John Locke.
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Jefferson took this definition from John Locke--a European philosopher of freedom and natural rights.
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Jefferson took this definition from John Locke--a European philosopher of freedom and natural rights.
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James Madison has been called the "Father of the Constitution."
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James Madison has been called the "Father of the Constitution."
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James Madison came up with the "Virginia Plan," which called for an executive branch and two houses of Congress based on population. Madison asked Edmund Randolph, governor of Virginia to present his plan.
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James Madison came up with the "Virginia Plan," which called for an executive branch and two houses of Congress based on population. Madison asked Edmund Randolph, governor of Virginia to present his plan.
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The New Jersey plan called for a congress with one house, with equal representation from all states.
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The New Jersey plan called for a congress with one house, with equal representation from all states.
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The New Jersey Plan had the small states in mind, demanding equal representation from each state.
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The New Jersey Plan had the small states in mind, demanding equal representation from each state.
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The Great compromise was finally agreed upon when forming the Constitution, and provided for two houses of Congress, one with two Senators for each state, and the House of Representatives based on state population.
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The Great compromise was finally agreed upon when forming the Constitution, and provided for two houses of Congress, one with two Senators for each state, and the House of Representatives based on state population.
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This was known as the Great Compromise, and combined Madison's Virginia Plan with the New Jersey Plan.
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This was known as the Great Compromise, and combined Madison's Virginia Plan with the New Jersey Plan.
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The Three-fifths compromise resulted in slaves being counted as three-fifths of a person for calculating Congressional representation and taxing for each state.
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The Three-fifths compromise resulted in slaves being counted as three-fifths of a person for calculating Congressional representation and taxing for each state.
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The Three-Fifths Compromise was made during the writing of the Constitution.
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The Three-Fifths Compromise was made during the writing of the Constitution.
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The power of Congress to impeach the President is an example of checks and balances.
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The power of Congress to impeach the President is an example of checks and balances.
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This power is an example of checks and balances. Other examples are the President's veto power, and the Supreme Court's power of judicial review.
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This power is an example of checks and balances. Other examples are the President's veto power, and the Supreme Court's power of judicial review.
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The new Constitution required 9 states to ratify it to replace the Articles of Confederation.
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The new Constitution required 9 states to ratify it to replace the Articles of Confederation.
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The new Constitution required nine states to ratify it, but two states which refused to ratify resulted in delays in the Constitution taking effect. These two states were New York and Virginia.
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The new Constitution required nine states to ratify it, but two states which refused to ratify resulted in delays in the Constitution taking effect. These two states were New York and Virginia.
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New York and Virginia, two of the largest states in the Union, refused to ratify the Constitution. Finally, they were persuaded largely by the promise to ratify a Bill of Rights which would guarantee the rights of citizens.
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New York and Virginia, two of the largest states in the Union, refused to ratify the Constitution. Finally, they were persuaded largely by the promise to ratify a Bill of Rights which would guarantee the rights of citizens.
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Even after Virginia and New York decided to ratify the Constitution, two states refused to ratify. These states were North Carolina and Rhode Island.
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Even after Virginia and New York decided to ratify the Constitution, two states refused to ratify. These states were North Carolina and Rhode Island.
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North Carolina and Rhode Island refused to ratify, Rhode Island going as far as to ignore the entire ratification attempt. They eventually gave into pressure after Congress threatened to treat them as foreigners.
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North Carolina and Rhode Island refused to ratify, Rhode Island going as far as to ignore the entire ratification attempt. They eventually gave into pressure after Congress threatened to treat them as foreigners.
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In 1787, representatives met in Philadelphia to discuss the plans for a Constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation. This meeting was known as the Constitutional Convention.
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In 1787, representatives met in Philadelphia to discuss the plans for a Constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation. This meeting was known as the Constitutional Convention.
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Those who supported the ratification of the Constitution called themselves Federalists.
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Those who supported the ratification of the Constitution called themselves Federalists.
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Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote a series of newspaper articles known as the Federalist Papers in an effort to convince people to support the Constitution.
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Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote a series of newspaper articles known as the Federalist Papers in an effort to convince people to support the Constitution.
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They wrote the Federalist Papers, which explained the Constitution and how it prevented abuses of power.
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They wrote the Federalist Papers, which explained the Constitution and how it prevented abuses of power.
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Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton had two very opposing ideologies. Hamilton believed in government by the wealthy and powerful.
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Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton had two very opposing ideologies. Hamilton believed in government by the wealthy and powerful.
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Alexander Hamilton believed in tying the wealthy and powerful to the government; he supported the growth of manufacturing, tariffs, and establishing a national bank. On the other hand, Thomas Jefferson was basically southern and rural, and was on the side of the small farmer.
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Alexander Hamilton believed in tying the wealthy and powerful to the government; he supported the growth of manufacturing, tariffs, and establishing a national bank. On the other hand, Thomas Jefferson was basically southern and rural, and was on the side of the small farmer.
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In March 1789, George Washington became our first president.
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In March 1789, George Washington became our first president.
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George Washington became president by an almost unanimous vote by the presidential electors. John Adams received the next highest number of votes, and became the vice president. The 12th amendment changed the process so that we vote for the president and vice president separately.
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George Washington became president by an almost unanimous vote by the presidential electors. John Adams received the next highest number of votes, and became the vice president. The 12th amendment changed the process so that we vote for the president and vice president separately.
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Which body of Congress has the power to impeach the president? The House of Representatives.
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Which body of Congress has the power to impeach the president? The House of Representatives.
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All bills passed in relation to revenue must originate in the House of Representatives.
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All bills passed in relation to revenue must originate in the House of Representatives.
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While it must be passed by both houses and signed by the president, all revenue-raising bills must originate in the House. Note that the tax related bills originate specifically in the Ways and Means committee of the House of Representatives.
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While it must be passed by both houses and signed by the president, all revenue-raising bills must originate in the House. Note that the tax related bills originate specifically in the Ways and Means committee of the House of Representatives.
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An elected term for a representative in the House of Representatives is 2 years
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An elected term for a representative in the House of Representatives is 2 years
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Which side of Congress serves as the court and jury in the impeachment process? Senate
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Which side of Congress serves as the court and jury in the impeachment process? Senate
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The Senate acts as the court and jury, the House has the power to bring impeachment charges.
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The Senate acts as the court and jury, the House has the power to bring impeachment charges.
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An elected term for a Senator is 6 years.
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An elected term for a Senator is 6 years.
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The elected term is 6 years, and there is no limit to the number of times a senator can be re-elected. In the House of Representatives, a term is 2 years, and they also do not have a limit on the number of terms served.
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The elected term is 6 years, and there is no limit to the number of times a senator can be re-elected. In the House of Representatives, a term is 2 years, and they also do not have a limit on the number of terms served.
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The Vice President of the US is the presiding officer for the Senate.
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The Vice President of the US is the presiding officer for the Senate.
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The vice president is the presiding officer for the senate, although it is normally the president pro tempore who presides. The vice president may vote to break a tie in the senate.
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The vice president is the presiding officer for the senate, although it is normally the president pro tempore who presides. The vice president may vote to break a tie in the senate.
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Originally, there was no limit on the number of terms the President could serve, but the limit was set to two terms by the 22nd Amendment.
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Originally, there was no limit on the number of terms the President could serve, but the limit was set to two terms by the 22nd Amendment.
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The 22nd Amendment limits the president to two terms in office.
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The 22nd Amendment limits the president to two terms in office.
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The construction of America's court system was accomplished through the Judiciary Act of 1789.
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The construction of America's court system was accomplished through the Judiciary Act of 1789.
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Amendments to the Constitution require the approval of 3/4 of the state legislatures to be ratified.
Three-fourths of the state-legislatures must ratify an Amendment for it to take effect. |
Amendments to the Constitution require the approval of 3/4 of the state legislatures to be ratified.
Three-fourths of the state-legislatures must ratify an Amendment for it to take effect. |
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The first ten amendments to the Constitution are known as the Bill of Rights.
There are currently 27 amendments |
The first ten amendments to the Constitution are known as the Bill of Rights.
There are currently 27 amendments |
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The 13th Amendment abolished slavery.
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The 13th Amendment abolished slavery.
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The 10th Amendment reserved all power not granted to the federal government for the state government.
The 10th Amendment stated that all power not specifically granted to the government belonged to the states. The first nine amendment had to do with personal freedoms. |
The 10th Amendment reserved all power not granted to the federal government for the state government.
The 10th Amendment stated that all power not specifically granted to the government belonged to the states. The first nine amendment had to do with personal freedoms. |
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The 14th Amendment prohibits the states from interfering with citizen's rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.
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The 14th Amendment prohibits the states from interfering with citizen's rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.
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The 14th Amendment defines citizenship in a way that includes Blacks. It then goes on to say that no state can make a law that interferes with any citizen's equal protection under the law. The 14th Amendment was designed to keep the states from trying to take away rights guaranteed to all citizens, especially blacks.
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The 14th Amendment defines citizenship in a way that includes Blacks. It then goes on to say that no state can make a law that interferes with any citizen's equal protection under the law. The 14th Amendment was designed to keep the states from trying to take away rights guaranteed to all citizens, especially blacks.
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The Whiskey Rebellion was significant because George Washington's response showed the power of the new government formed under the Constitution.
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The Whiskey Rebellion was significant because George Washington's response showed the power of the new government formed under the Constitution.
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The Whiskey Rebellion was an incident where farmers in western Pennsylvania refused to pay a tax on liquor. When U.S. marshals tried to enforce the law, they were chased away by armed farmers. George Washington ended up leading an army to end the rebellion, showing that the new government had the power to enforce its laws.
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The Whiskey Rebellion was an incident where farmers in western Pennsylvania refused to pay a tax on liquor. When U.S. marshals tried to enforce the law, they were chased away by armed farmers. George Washington ended up leading an army to end the rebellion, showing that the new government had the power to enforce its laws.
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The first three departments of the executive branch which Congress established were the state, treasury, and war departments.
The Department of War was one of the first three departments of the executive branch. |
The first three departments of the executive branch which Congress established were the state, treasury, and war departments.
The Department of War was one of the first three departments of the executive branch. |
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In his Report on the Public Credit, Alexander Hamilton proposed the establishment of a national bank.
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In his Report on the Public Credit, Alexander Hamilton proposed the establishment of a national bank.
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Alexander Hamilton wrote "Report on the Public Credit" in which he proposed a national bank. The Republicans opposed this idea, believing the constitution did not grant the power to establish one.
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Alexander Hamilton wrote "Report on the Public Credit" in which he proposed a national bank. The Republicans opposed this idea, believing the constitution did not grant the power to establish one.
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In Alexander Hamilton's Report on Manufactures, he came up with a program for federal stimulation of industrial development.
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In Alexander Hamilton's Report on Manufactures, he came up with a program for federal stimulation of industrial development.
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In his Report on Manufactures, Hamilton proposed subsidies and tax incentives to help industrial growth. In his Report on Manufactures, Hamilton proposed subsidies and tax incentives to help industrial growth.
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In his Report on Manufactures, Hamilton proposed subsidies and tax incentives to help industrial growth. In his Report on Manufactures, Hamilton proposed subsidies and tax incentives to help industrial growth.
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Thomas Jefferson opposed Alexander Hamilton's plan for a national bank because he believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
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Thomas Jefferson opposed Alexander Hamilton's plan for a national bank because he believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
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Thomas Jefferson believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution, as opposed to the "implied powers" stance which Alexander Hamilton favored. He also felt that a national bank would treat the poor farmers unfairly and it would favor the northeastern manufacturing industry.
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Thomas Jefferson believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution, as opposed to the "implied powers" stance which Alexander Hamilton favored. He also felt that a national bank would treat the poor farmers unfairly and it would favor the northeastern manufacturing industry.
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In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court established the concept of implied powers by ruling that the federal government had the right to establish a national bank through Congress's power to borrow money and regulate commerce.
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In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court established the concept of implied powers by ruling that the federal government had the right to establish a national bank through Congress's power to borrow money and regulate commerce.
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McCulloch v. Maryland was a landmark case because it upheld the idea of implied powers, or the idea that Congress has powers other than those which are specifically stated in its enumerated powers.
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McCulloch v. Maryland was a landmark case because it upheld the idea of implied powers, or the idea that Congress has powers other than those which are specifically stated in its enumerated powers.
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The first two political parties were Federalists and Republicans. The Federalists favored a strong central government with extensive powers, while the Republicans believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
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The first two political parties were Federalists and Republicans. The Federalists favored a strong central government with extensive powers, while the Republicans believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
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Of the original two political parties, most big businesses supported the Federalist party.
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Of the original two political parties, most big businesses supported the Federalist party.
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Big business supported the Federalist party, with its programs for encouraging industrial growth and other business-oriented ideas. This meant the Federalists had their strongest support from the Northeast and the South.
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Big business supported the Federalist party, with its programs for encouraging industrial growth and other business-oriented ideas. This meant the Federalists had their strongest support from the Northeast and the South.
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In 1792, France, which had just declared itself a republic, went to war with a coalition of European monarchies led by England. Washington responded with a Proclamation of Neutrality.
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In 1792, France, which had just declared itself a republic, went to war with a coalition of European monarchies led by England. Washington responded with a Proclamation of Neutrality.
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Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality was his attempt at keeping the US out of the European War. Unfortunately, the British and French started seizing American ships which entered the European waters for trade.
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Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality was his attempt at keeping the US out of the European War. Unfortunately, the British and French started seizing American ships which entered the European waters for trade.
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In 1794, John Jay was sent to negotiate with the British, who were seizing American crews and forcing them to work for the British navy.
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In 1794, John Jay was sent to negotiate with the British, who were seizing American crews and forcing them to work for the British navy.
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John Jay was sent to negotiate, but the Treaty he came back with did not solve many of the problems he had been sent to resolve.
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John Jay was sent to negotiate, but the Treaty he came back with did not solve many of the problems he had been sent to resolve.
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Jay's Treaty of 1794 re-established trade with Britain on a most favored nation status.
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Jay's Treaty of 1794 re-established trade with Britain on a most favored nation status.
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The treaty made no mention of British violations of American maritime rights (for example Britain's impressment of American sailors). The treaty was negotiated by John Jay, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
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The treaty made no mention of British violations of American maritime rights (for example Britain's impressment of American sailors). The treaty was negotiated by John Jay, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
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After John Jay's Treaty with Britain in 1794, the US ratified the Pinckney Treaty with Spain, granting Americans the right to use the Mississippi River.
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After John Jay's Treaty with Britain in 1794, the US ratified the Pinckney Treaty with Spain, granting Americans the right to use the Mississippi River.
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The Pinckney Treaty, negotiated by Thomas Pinckney, did three things--it allowed Americans to transport goods along the Mississippi and deposit cargo in New Orleans, and it established the 31st parallel as being Florida's northern boundary.
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The Pinckney Treaty, negotiated by Thomas Pinckney, did three things--it allowed Americans to transport goods along the Mississippi and deposit cargo in New Orleans, and it established the 31st parallel as being Florida's northern boundary.
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The Battle of Fallen Timbers resulted in the Treaty of Greenville and cleared the Indians from the Ohio Territory.The Battle of Fallen Timbers, won by General Wayne, was the victory which led to the Treaty of Greenville.
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The Battle of Fallen Timbers resulted in the Treaty of Greenville and cleared the Indians from the Ohio Territory. The Battle of Fallen Timbers, won by General Wayne, was the victory which led to the Treaty of Greenville.
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The Whiskey Rebellion in 1794 occurred when farmers refused to pay a tax on whiskey, and chased off tax collectors. Washington responded with an army of 15,000 men.
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The Whiskey Rebellion in 1794 occurred when farmers refused to pay a tax on whiskey, and chased off tax collectors. Washington responded with an army of 15,000 men.
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The Whiskey Rebellion showed that some people did not take the new government seriously. That's why Washington responded with such a large force, to give the federal government credibility.
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The Whiskey Rebellion showed that some people did not take the new government seriously. That's why Washington responded with such a large force, to give the federal government credibility.
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The saying "millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute" became popular in response to the XYZ affair.
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The saying "millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute" became popular in response to the XYZ affair.
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This saying was trumpeted by the press after the XYZ affair--Delegates went to France in 1798 to convince them to stop harassing American ships, but the french foreign minister refused to meet the Americans. Instead, they had to speak with three unnamed officials who wanted a bribe. These three unnamed officials became X, Y, and Z.
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This saying was trumpeted by the press after the XYZ affair--Delegates went to France in 1798 to convince them to stop harassing American ships, but the french foreign minister refused to meet the Americans. Instead, they had to speak with three unnamed officials who wanted a bribe. These three unnamed officials became X, Y, and Z.
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After the XYZ Affair, America and France were close to war. President John Adams sent one more delegation in 1799; Napoleon was now in power, and signed a treaty.
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After the XYZ Affair, America and France were close to war. President John Adams sent one more delegation in 1799; Napoleon was now in power, and signed a treaty.
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Napoleon was now in power, and being bent on European conquest, he did not want to make an enemy of the US. He agreed on a treaty which restored commercial relations and stopped French harassment of American ships.
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Napoleon was now in power, and being bent on European conquest, he did not want to make an enemy of the US. He agreed on a treaty which restored commercial relations and stopped French harassment of American ships.
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The Alien Act allowed the president to deport foreign immigrants he considered suspect, and made it more difficult to become an American citizen.
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The Alien Act allowed the president to deport foreign immigrants he considered suspect, and made it more difficult to become an American citizen.
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Jefferson referred to his election as president as the "Revolution of 1800."
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Jefferson referred to his election as president as the "Revolution of 1800."
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After seeing some of the laws passed by the Federalists under John Adams, he came to see his victory as a victory for the future of the American republic.
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After seeing some of the laws passed by the Federalists under John Adams, he came to see his victory as a victory for the future of the American republic.
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Washington DC was designed by Pierre L'Enfant.
John Adams was the first to occupy this new city near the end of his term. |
Washington DC was designed by Pierre L'Enfant.
John Adams was the first to occupy this new city near the end of his term. |
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By refusing to rule on Marbury vs Madison, Supreme Court Justice John Marshall established the court's power of judicial review.
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By refusing to rule on Marbury vs Madison, Supreme Court Justice John Marshall established the court's power of judicial review.
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Marbury vs Madison was an important case, because the Supreme Court established its power of judicial review over the other two branches.
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Marbury vs Madison was an important case, because the Supreme Court established its power of judicial review over the other two branches.
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The Sedition Act made it a crime to criticize the President or Congress.
The Sedition Act was passed by the Federalists, aimed at keeping the Republicans quiet. |
The Sedition Act made it a crime to criticize the President or Congress.
The Sedition Act was passed by the Federalists, aimed at keeping the Republicans quiet. |
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Napoleon sold the land between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains to the US for $15 million, in what is known as the Louisiana purchase.
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Napoleon sold the land between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains to the US for $15 million, in what is known as the Louisiana purchase.
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The Louisiana Purchase effectively doubled the size of the United States.
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The Louisiana Purchase effectively doubled the size of the United States.
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The Anti-Federalists opposed ratification of the Constitution and had the support of many small farmers and small landowners.
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The Anti-Federalists opposed ratification of the Constitution and had the support of many small farmers and small landowners.
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The Anti-Federalists opposed ratification of the Constitution. Many small farmers and small landowners were Anti-Federalists, and would later support the Republican Party established by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.
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The Anti-Federalists opposed ratification of the Constitution. Many small farmers and small landowners were Anti-Federalists, and would later support the Republican Party established by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.
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Jefferson sent the Lewis and Clark group, consisting of 48 men, to explore the Louisiana Purchase.
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Jefferson sent the Lewis and Clark group, consisting of 48 men, to explore the Louisiana Purchase.
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The Lewis and Clark group was sent out to explore the land west of the Mississippi before the US even made the Louisiana purchase.
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The Lewis and Clark group was sent out to explore the land west of the Mississippi before the US even made the Louisiana purchase.
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In addition to the Lewis and Clark expedition, Zebulon Pike was sent to explore the Louisiana Purchase. Pike's peak was named after this group.
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In addition to the Lewis and Clark expedition, Zebulon Pike was sent to explore the Louisiana Purchase. Pike's peak was named after this group.
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Zebulon Pike, a lieutenant, led a group to find the source of the Mississippi River. He was also sent to explore the Southwest portion of the newly purchased Louisiana Territory.
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Zebulon Pike, a lieutenant, led a group to find the source of the Mississippi River. He was also sent to explore the Southwest portion of the newly purchased Louisiana Territory.
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In 1804, Alexander Hamilton was killed in a duel with Aaron Burr. Dueling was illegal in the north, so at that point, Burr was wanted for murder.
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In 1804, Alexander Hamilton was killed in a duel with Aaron Burr. Dueling was illegal in the north, so at that point, Burr was wanted for murder.
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Aaron Burr became involved in a plot to start a new nation in the West; he was betrayed, arrested, and tried for treason.
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Aaron Burr became involved in a plot to start a new nation in the West; he was betrayed, arrested, and tried for treason.
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After killing Alexander Hamilton in a duel, Aaron Burr came up with a scheme to establish a new nation in the West. He was arrested and tried for treason, but was acquitted by John Marshall, who redefined the legal definition of treason.
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After killing Alexander Hamilton in a duel, Aaron Burr came up with a scheme to establish a new nation in the West. He was arrested and tried for treason, but was acquitted by John Marshall, who redefined the legal definition of treason.
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The Barbary War was an undeclared war that lasted from 1801 to 1805, in which American ships were sent to stop the North Africans from harassing American merchant ships.
The Barbary War resulted in nothing clearly being settled. |
The Barbary War was an undeclared war that lasted from 1801 to 1805, in which American ships were sent to stop the North Africans from harassing American merchant ships.
The Barbary War resulted in nothing clearly being settled. |
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The two major countries immigrants to the US came from in the early 1800s were Ireland and Germany.
In the early 1800s, Ireland and Germany were the biggest sources of immigrants. |
The two major countries immigrants to the US came from in the early 1800s were Ireland and Germany.
In the early 1800s, Ireland and Germany were the biggest sources of immigrants. |
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British ships were boarding American ships and forcing sailors into the British Navy. When the HMS Leopard stopped the USS Chesapeake, off the coast of Virginia, Americans wanted war.
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British ships were boarding American ships and forcing sailors into the British Navy. When the HMS Leopard stopped the USS Chesapeake, off the coast of Virginia, Americans wanted war.
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The HMS Leopard fired on the USS Chesapeake, and then boarded it and took four sailors and hung them, calling them British deserters. This was done right off the coast of Virginia.
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The HMS Leopard fired on the USS Chesapeake, and then boarded it and took four sailors and hung them, calling them British deserters. This was done right off the coast of Virginia.
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Jefferson's response to the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair was the Embargo of 1807, a total cut off of American trade.
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Jefferson's response to the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair was the Embargo of 1807, a total cut off of American trade.
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The Embargo of 1807 was Jefferson's response to the Chesapeake--Leopard Affair, in which the HMS Leopard boarded the USS Chesapeake. This embargo was repealed two years later, after it had caused an economic depression.
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The Embargo of 1807 was Jefferson's response to the Chesapeake--Leopard Affair, in which the HMS Leopard boarded the USS Chesapeake. This embargo was repealed two years later, after it had caused an economic depression.
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The Embargo of 1807 was repealed by the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809, which opened trade with all countries except England and France.
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The Embargo of 1807 was repealed by the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809, which opened trade with all countries except England and France.
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Since the majority of US trade at that time was with England and France, the Act was largely ineffective. The Non-Intercourse Act stated that if England or France stopped harassing American ships, the US would re-open trade with that country.
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Since the majority of US trade at that time was with England and France, the Act was largely ineffective. The Non-Intercourse Act stated that if England or France stopped harassing American ships, the US would re-open trade with that country.
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The Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 was replaced in 1810 by the Macon Bill no. 2.
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The Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 was replaced in 1810 by the Macon Bill no. 2.
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The Macon Bill No 2 stated that if either France or Britain were to withdraw that nation's proclamations against American shipping, the US government would give the other country three months to do the same.
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The Macon Bill No 2 stated that if either France or Britain were to withdraw that nation's proclamations against American shipping, the US government would give the other country three months to do the same.
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An Indian Chief named Tecumseh succeeded in uniting the northwestern tribes until 1811 when General William Harrison defeated his brother, the Prophet, at Tippecanoe.
Tecumseh was a Shawnee Indian Chief. |
An Indian Chief named Tecumseh succeeded in uniting the northwestern tribes until 1811 when General William Harrison defeated his brother, the Prophet, at Tippecanoe.
Tecumseh was a Shawnee Indian Chief. |
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The War Hawks were a group of young politicians, eager for war, in the Congress of 1811. They resulted in President Madison asking for a declaration of war in 1812. The War Hawks were led by Henry Clay and John Calhoun.
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The War Hawks were a group of young politicians, eager for war, in the Congress of 1811. They resulted in President Madison asking for a declaration of war in 1812. The War Hawks were led by Henry Clay and John Calhoun.
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Commodore Oliver Perry defeated the British at Lake Erie, allowing General William Harrison to go north into Canada and win the Battle of the Thames in the War of 1812.
Perry built a fleet on Lake Erie. |
Commodore Oliver Perry defeated the British at Lake Erie, allowing General William Harrison to go north into Canada and win the Battle of the Thames in the War of 1812.
Perry built a fleet on Lake Erie. |
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Fort McHenry resisted British bombardment in the War of 1812, inspiring Francis Scott Key to write the "Star Spangled Banner."
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Fort McHenry resisted British bombardment in the War of 1812, inspiring Francis Scott Key to write the "Star Spangled Banner."
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After the British set fire to Washington DC, they attacked Fort McHenry at Baltimore, MD.
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After the British set fire to Washington DC, they attacked Fort McHenry at Baltimore, MD.
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In the war of 1812, the British landed on the coast of Maryland, setting fire to the public buildings of Washington DC.
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In the war of 1812, the British landed on the coast of Maryland, setting fire to the public buildings of Washington DC.
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They set fire to the public buildings in Washington DC, including the Executive Mansion. The Executive Mansion was then repainted white and became the White House.
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They set fire to the public buildings in Washington DC, including the Executive Mansion. The Executive Mansion was then repainted white and became the White House.
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Andrew Jackson fought the British and won at the Battle of New Orleans two weeks after a peace treaty had been signed for the War of 1812.
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Andrew Jackson fought the British and won at the Battle of New Orleans two weeks after a peace treaty had been signed for the War of 1812.
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Andrew Jackson fought a much larger force of British at the Battle of New Orleans. Andrew Jackson was a famous general in the war of 1812 who later became President. He was not the same general as "Stonewall" Jackson who fought on the Confederate side in the Civil War.
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Andrew Jackson fought a much larger force of British at the Battle of New Orleans. Andrew Jackson was a famous general in the war of 1812 who later became President. He was not the same general as "Stonewall" Jackson who fought on the Confederate side in the Civil War.
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The Treaty of Ghent in 1814 ended the War of 1812.
The Treaty of Ghent, signed in Ghent, Belgium, ended the War of 1812. All land won in this war was restored to the pre-war owners. |
The Treaty of Ghent in 1814 ended the War of 1812.
The Treaty of Ghent, signed in Ghent, Belgium, ended the War of 1812. All land won in this war was restored to the pre-war owners. |
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The first protective tariff in US History was passed in the year 1816.
It was passed in 1816 due to the flood of cheap British products entering the country. |
The first protective tariff in US History was passed in the year 1816.
It was passed in 1816 due to the flood of cheap British products entering the country. |
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The Rush-Bagot Treaty was an agreement between England and the US not to have armed fleets on the Great Lakes, and is still in effect.
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The Rush-Bagot Treaty was an agreement between England and the US not to have armed fleets on the Great Lakes, and is still in effect.
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The Rush-Bagot Treaty led to the removal of British and American fleets from the Great Lakes after the War of 1812.
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The Rush-Bagot Treaty led to the removal of British and American fleets from the Great Lakes after the War of 1812.
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In 1817, Andrew Jackson led an army into Spanish-controlled Florida and occupied Pensacola, violating international law.
Andrew Jackson led an army into Florida, and hung two British men he suspected of selling arms to the Indians. |
In 1817, Andrew Jackson led an army into Spanish-controlled Florida and occupied Pensacola, violating international law.
Andrew Jackson led an army into Florida, and hung two British men he suspected of selling arms to the Indians. |
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In the Adam-Onis Treaty signed in 1819, the US got control of Spanish Florida in return for $5 million.
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In the Adam-Onis Treaty signed in 1819, the US got control of Spanish Florida in return for $5 million.
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The Adam-Onis Treaty stated that the Spanish surrendered their claims to Florida in return for $5 million from the US government.
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The Adam-Onis Treaty stated that the Spanish surrendered their claims to Florida in return for $5 million from the US government.
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The Monroe Doctrine stated that North and South America were no longer open to colonization by European countries.
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The Monroe Doctrine stated that North and South America were no longer open to colonization by European countries.
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President Monroe made an announcement known as the Monroe Doctrine in 1823, which in a sense was the United State's declaration of economic independence.
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President Monroe made an announcement known as the Monroe Doctrine in 1823, which in a sense was the United State's declaration of economic independence.
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Marbury vs Madison established the Supreme Court's power to rule on the constitutionality of laws.
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Marbury vs Madison established the Supreme Court's power to rule on the constitutionality of laws.
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Marbury vs Madison, in 1803, was ruled by the first Supreme Court Justice John Marshall.
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Marbury vs Madison, in 1803, was ruled by the first Supreme Court Justice John Marshall.
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Fletcher vs Peck (1810) was the first time a state law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court
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Fletcher vs Peck (1810) was the first time a state law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court
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Dartmouth College v. Woodward limited the power of state governments to control corporations.
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Dartmouth College v. Woodward limited the power of state governments to control corporations.
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In the case Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) the New Hampshire State Legislature had passed laws amending the college charter which specified the college would have 12 trustees. The legislature changed the number to 21 and also appointed 25 overseers and gave the State general supervision of college affairs. The Supreme Court declared the State laws unconstitutional ruling that the laws violated the constitutional clause which prohibits States from passing any law which interferes with the obligation of contracts.
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In the case Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) the New Hampshire State Legislature had passed laws amending the college charter which specified the college would have 12 trustees. The legislature changed the number to 21 and also appointed 25 overseers and gave the State general supervision of college affairs. The Supreme Court declared the State laws unconstitutional ruling that the laws violated the constitutional clause which prohibits States from passing any law which interferes with the obligation of contracts.
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Several rulings made by Chief Justice John Marshall weakened state powers through cases such as McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden.
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Several rulings made by Chief Justice John Marshall weakened state powers through cases such as McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden.
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Chief Justice John Marshall first established the power of the Supreme Court to rule on the constitutionality of laws enacted by Congress, and then showed the power of federal courts to rule on the actions of individual states as well. For example, in Gibbons v. Ogden, he prevented New York from regulating interstate commerce.
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Chief Justice John Marshall first established the power of the Supreme Court to rule on the constitutionality of laws enacted by Congress, and then showed the power of federal courts to rule on the actions of individual states as well. For example, in Gibbons v. Ogden, he prevented New York from regulating interstate commerce.
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McCulloch v. Maryland established that the state does not have the power to regulate a federal agency.
McCulloch vs Maryland was a ruling by John Marshall in 1819. |
McCulloch v. Maryland established that the state does not have the power to regulate a federal agency.
McCulloch vs Maryland was a ruling by John Marshall in 1819. |
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Gibbons vs Ogden was a ruling by John Marshall that only Congress has the right to regulate interstate commerce.
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Gibbons vs Ogden was a ruling by John Marshall that only Congress has the right to regulate interstate commerce.
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Gibbons vs Ogden in 1824 was in response to a monopoly which New York had granted to Ogden to operate a steamboat between New York and New Jersey.
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Gibbons vs Ogden in 1824 was in response to a monopoly which New York had granted to Ogden to operate a steamboat between New York and New Jersey.
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The Missouri Compromise, worked out by Speaker of the House Henry Clay, brought Missouri and Maine into the Union as states.
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The Missouri Compromise, worked out by Speaker of the House Henry Clay, brought Missouri and Maine into the Union as states.
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The Missouri Compromise brought Missouri in as a slave state, and Maine as a free state. Also, it divided the Louisiana Purchase with a line--slavery would be prohibited in states which came in from above that line.
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The Missouri Compromise brought Missouri in as a slave state, and Maine as a free state. Also, it divided the Louisiana Purchase with a line--slavery would be prohibited in states which came in from above that line.
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The first state to be formed from the Louisiana Territory was Missouri.
Missouri Territory applied for statehood in 1819, and resulted in the Missouri Compromise. |
The first state to be formed from the Louisiana Territory was Missouri.
Missouri Territory applied for statehood in 1819, and resulted in the Missouri Compromise. |
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Robert Fulton made the first steamboat in 1807.
Robert Fulton's steamboat, the Clermont, was built in 1807. |
Robert Fulton made the first steamboat in 1807.
Robert Fulton's steamboat, the Clermont, was built in 1807. |
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The National Road, which connected Cumberland, Maryland, and Wheeling, Virginia, linking the Potomac and Ohio Rivers, was built in 1818.
The National Road was financed by the federal government. |
The National Road, which connected Cumberland, Maryland, and Wheeling, Virginia, linking the Potomac and Ohio Rivers, was built in 1818.
The National Road was financed by the federal government. |
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The Erie Canal connected the Hudson River with Lake Erie, and was the first canal built in the United States.
The Erie Canal was built in 1825. |
The Erie Canal connected the Hudson River with Lake Erie, and was the first canal built in the United States.
The Erie Canal was built in 1825. |
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By 1830, New York City was the US's largest city.
New York City was a large center for trade and business and dominated the domestic cotton market. |
By 1830, New York City was the US's largest city.
New York City was a large center for trade and business and dominated the domestic cotton market. |
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Samuel Slater built the first textile mill in the US based on plans he memorized from English designs.
Samuel Slater built the first textile mill--this was a big step in the rise of factories in the US. |
Samuel Slater built the first textile mill in the US based on plans he memorized from English designs.
Samuel Slater built the first textile mill--this was a big step in the rise of factories in the US. |
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In 1793 an American, Eli Whitney, invented the cotton gin.
This was an engine that separated the fibers of raw cotton from the seeds and enabled a single slave to do what had previously required the hand labor of fifty slaves. |
In 1793 an American, Eli Whitney, invented the cotton gin.
This was an engine that separated the fibers of raw cotton from the seeds and enabled a single slave to do what had previously required the hand labor of fifty slaves. |
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Eli Whitney developed not only the cotton gin, but the principle of interchangeable parts, which is used in mass-production.
Eli Whitney's invention of interchangeable parts was first applied towards mass-producing rifles. |
Eli Whitney developed not only the cotton gin, but the principle of interchangeable parts, which is used in mass-production.
Eli Whitney's invention of interchangeable parts was first applied towards mass-producing rifles. |
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In 1828, the first organized strike occurred in New Jersey.
Child workers started the first organized strike in the US in 1828. |
In 1828, the first organized strike occurred in New Jersey.
Child workers started the first organized strike in the US in 1828. |
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The Missouri Compromise brought Missouri into the Union as a slave state.
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The Missouri Compromise brought Missouri into the Union as a slave state.
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Missouri came in as a slave state, and Maine entered as a free state. Also, under the Missouri Compromise, slavery was prohibited in states north of the 36 degrees 30 minutes north latitude line, with the exception of Missouri. This Compromise was later repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
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Missouri came in as a slave state, and Maine entered as a free state. Also, under the Missouri Compromise, slavery was prohibited in states north of the 36 degrees 30 minutes north latitude line, with the exception of Missouri. This Compromise was later repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
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The best known American writer in the United States in the early 1800's was Washington Irving.
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The best known American writer in the United States in the early 1800's was Washington Irving.
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Washington Irving, who wrote stories such as Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van Winkle, was the best known American author. At that time, people mostly read books imported from Europe.
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Washington Irving, who wrote stories such as Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van Winkle, was the best known American author. At that time, people mostly read books imported from Europe.
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In 1805, History of the Revolution was published by Mercy Otis Warren.
Mercy Otis Warren published a multi-volume book, the History of the Revolution. |
In 1805, History of the Revolution was published by Mercy Otis Warren.
Mercy Otis Warren published a multi-volume book, the History of the Revolution. |
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The Second Great Awakening began in 1801 in Kentucky in a religious "camp meeting."
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The Second Great Awakening began in 1801 in Kentucky in a religious "camp meeting."
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The Second Great Awakening began in 1801, and led to a religious revival in the United States. The First Great Awakening was a series of religious revivals which occurred between 1720-1740. A leading preacher of the First Great Awakening was Jonathan Edwards, who preached the famous sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" in 1741. A Calvinist preacher, he spoke on how dangerously close to hell all the people were, in this well-known example of fire and brimstone preaching. This excerpt from the sermon gives a good idea of what the sermon was like: "God has laid himself under no obligation, by any promise to keep any natural man out of hell one moment."
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The Second Great Awakening began in 1801, and led to a religious revival in the United States. The First Great Awakening was a series of religious revivals which occurred between 1720-1740. A leading preacher of the First Great Awakening was Jonathan Edwards, who preached the famous sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" in 1741. A Calvinist preacher, he spoke on how dangerously close to hell all the people were, in this well-known example of fire and brimstone preaching. This excerpt from the sermon gives a good idea of what the sermon was like: "God has laid himself under no obligation, by any promise to keep any natural man out of hell one moment."
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John Calhoun, John Quincy Adams' vice president (and later vice president under Andrew Jackson), anonymously published South Carolina Exposition and Protest.
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John Calhoun, John Quincy Adams' vice president (and later vice president under Andrew Jackson), anonymously published South Carolina Exposition and Protest.
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John Calhoun, in opposition to what was known as the "Tariff of Abominations, "anonymously published South Carolina Exposition and Protest," stating his theory that states could ignore laws they considered unconstitutional.
He was the last vice president to have served under two different presidents. |
John Calhoun, in opposition to what was known as the "Tariff of ______________, "anonymously published John Calhoun, in opposition to what was known as the "Tariff of Abominations, "anonymously published South Carolina Exposition and Protest," stating his theory that states could ignore laws they considered unconstitutional.
He was the last vice president to have served under two different presidents. |
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The Democratic Party first appeared in 1828, when John Quincy Adams was running against Andrew Jackson for president.
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The Democratic Party first appeared in 1828, when John Quincy Adams was running against Andrew Jackson for president.
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John Quincy Adams was running as a National Republican, and Andrew Jackson was running as a Democratic Republican, which later became the Democratic Party.
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John Quincy Adams was running as a National Republican, and Andrew Jackson was running as a Democratic Republican, which later became the Democratic Party.
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President Andrew Jackson relied on his "Kitchen Cabinet" instead of his appointed cabinet officials.
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President Andrew Jackson relied on his "Kitchen Cabinet" instead of his appointed cabinet officials.
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President Andrew Jackson relied on his Kitchen Cabinet, which were a group of supporters he trusted and listened to.
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President Andrew Jackson relied on his Kitchen Cabinet, which were a group of supporters he trusted and listened to.
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The Spoils system was President Andrew Jackson's belief that government offices should go to political supporters.
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The Spoils system was President Andrew Jackson's belief that government offices should go to political supporters.
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Andrew Jackson believed that "common" people could fill government positions, and as a result, he had the idea that he could replace most government employees with his supporters. This was known as the spoils system.
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Andrew Jackson believed that "common" people could fill government positions, and as a result, he had the idea that he could replace most government employees with his supporters. This was known as the spoils system.
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Andrew Jackson was the first president to use his veto power extensively
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Andrew Jackson was the first president to use his veto power extensively
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Andrew Jackson used his veto power more than any previous president. An example is the Maysville Road, which Jackson vetoed on the grounds that it required federal funds, but would only exist in one state.
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Andrew Jackson used his veto power more than any previous president. An example is the Maysville Road, which Jackson vetoed on the grounds that it required federal funds, but would only exist in one state.
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The Indian Removal Act was passed in 1830 under President Andrew Jackson and called for federal enforcement of the removal of all Indian tribes to the west of the Mississippi.
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The Indian Removal Act was passed in 1830 under President Andrew Jackson and called for federal enforcement of the removal of all Indian tribes to the west of the Mississippi.
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The Trail of Tears was where the US Government forced thousands of Cherokees to march west, many of them dying in the process
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The Trail of Tears was where the US Government forced thousands of Cherokees to march west, many of them dying in the process
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This forced march is known as the Trail of Tears. Under President Jackson, the Cherokees were forced to move, despite the decision upheld by the Supreme Court stating that the Cherokees were a sovereign political entity within Georgia.
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This forced march is known as the Trail of Tears. Under President Jackson, the Cherokees were forced to move, despite the decision upheld by the Supreme Court stating that the Cherokees were a sovereign political entity within Georgia.
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In 1830, there was a debate between Senator Hayne, and Daniel Webster. The Senator spoke of South Carolina's right to nullification.
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In 1830, there was a debate between Senator Hayne, and Daniel Webster. The Senator spoke of South Carolina's right to nullification.
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Senator Hayne spoke of the possibility of nullification, which is the idea that a state can nullify, or ignore federal laws which it considers unconstitutional.
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Senator Hayne spoke of the possibility of nullification, which is the idea that a state can nullify, or ignore federal laws which it considers unconstitutional.
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Question 201 of 350
One of the views on how power should be divided between the states and the national government is called Dual Federalism, and only grants the national government the powers specifically stated in the Constitution. |
Question 201 of 350
One of the views on how power should be divided between the states and the national government is called Dual Federalism, and only grants the national government the powers specifically stated in the Constitution. |
