U.s. History Great Depression Study Guide

Front 1

Real Wages

Back 1

wages not estimated in money but its purchasing power

Front 2

Welfare Capitalism

Back 2

the system of benefits that began during the Great Depression

Front 3

Name the six main causes of the Great Depression

Back 3

1. 1% controlled the wealth

2. most had no savings for emergencies

3. people bought on credit

4. play in stock market with no back up

5. over production

6. stock market crashed

Front 4

Installment payments

Back 4

purchasing something over time while immediately getting the product

Front 5

speculation

Back 5

taking high risks for significant payoff or severe consequences

Front 6

buying on margin

Back 6

borrowing money to be involved in the stock market

Front 7

collateral

Back 7

something to back up a loan

Front 8

GNP

Back 8

gross national product

Front 9

How were many banks ruined?

Back 9

Many people could not pay back their loans, thus closing the banks with no money.

Front 10

Associative State

Back 10

businesses cooperate with each other and the government in order to better society

Front 11

Rugged Individualism

Back 11

the belief that everyone will fix their problems on their own with little to no assistance

Front 12

Bonus March

Back 12

a march of veterans protesting for better bonuses from the government for serving

Front 13

How did Herbert Hoover handle the Great Depression?

Back 13

He believed the country would fix itself and the economy just had to be left alone to heal on its own.

Front 14

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Back 14

president of the United States during the latter years of the Great Depression

Front 15

New Deal

Back 15

a set of programs and acts put into place by FDR in order to heal some of the problems of the Great Depression and prevent them from happening again in the future

Front 16

Fireside Chats

Back 16

radio shows hosted by FDR made to calm the U.S. population and spread word about exactly what was happening in the government

Front 17

The Brain Trust

Back 17

the presidential cabinet of FDR developed ideas to bring America out of the Great Depression

Front 18

Frances Perkins

Back 18

secretary of labor, first woman on the presidential cabinet

Front 19

100 Days of Congress

Back 19

the 100 days when congress passed more reforms in such a small amount of time than they ever had before

Front 20

Four Day Banking Holiday

Back 20

stop bank withdrawals and panic over bank failures by closing many down for four days so the banks could get back in order

Front 21

The Agriculture Adjustment Act

Back 21

government paid farmers to reduce crop production and to kill certain livestock. prices were also raised.

Front 22

The Homeowner Loan Corporation

Back 22

established to provide long-term low-interest loans in order to stop foreclosure

Front 23

National Industrial Recovery Act

Back 23

created new jobs programs in order to begin lessening the number of unemployed and put money back into the economy

Front 24

Public Works Administration

Back 24

employed people to build bridges, dams, roads, sewer systems, and other various public necessities

Front 25

Civil Works Administration

Back 25

employed people to build public buildings

Front 26

Civil Conservation Corps

Back 26

employed young men, often unmarried, to work in national parks and forest systems

Front 27

Tennessee Valley Authority

Back 27

established a dam system in the Tennessee River, solving flooding problems, providing jobs, and providing clean electricity

Front 28

Federal Deposits Insurance Corporation

Back 28

established to insure banking accounts people had in national banks

Front 29

Securities Exchange Commission

Back 29

established to make corporations have to share more information on what they are doing in order to lessen speculative activities in the stock market and stop illegal practices

Front 30

Why were there two phases of the new deal?

Back 30

the first phase was mostly declared unconstitutional

Front 31

Works Progress Administration

Back 31

rewrote laws and continued to employ workers to do various activities as the PWA had

Front 32

What are the two main types of jobs? Describe them briefly.

Back 32

Blue Collar Jobs: common labor, often physical labor

White Collar Jobs: labor by those with college degrees

Front 33

Explain the significance of the two types of workers. (What did they do?)

Back 33

Blue Collar Workers: built various public buildings

White Collar Workers: worked on bettering education, health, and entertainment

Front 34

Wagner Act

Back 34

allowed the establishment of unions

Front 35

American Federation of Labor

Back 35

skilled labor union

Front 36

Congress of Industrial Organization

Back 36

common labor union

Front 37

Who started the Congress of Industrial Organization?

Back 37

John Lewis

Front 38

What were two new major forms of entertainment that arose around the Great Depression?

Back 38

Radio and movies

Front 39

What were eight main things people who lived through the Great Depression learned about life?

Back 39

1. use what you have, survive on less

2. grow a garden anywhere

3. don't borrow money

4. go to the jobs

5. look for deals

6. may need to change for work (get new skills)

7. stick together

8. try not to worry too much

Front 40

good luck

Back 40

if you can't figure out an answer on the test, cry. where your tear lands is where the answer is. (I call this an emotional guess)