Us History Ch. 4 Religion In The American Colonies

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Puritans

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Staunch Protestants who agreed wholeheartedly with the Anglican creed but thought the ceremonies were too much like the Roman Catholic Church and wanted the church to be "purified" from such corruption

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Low-church Anglicans

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Agree doctrinally with the Puritans but aw no problem with the church's ceremonies

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High-church Anglican

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Held that the church's traditional practices, notably its rule by bishops, were divinely ordained; generally more liberal in their beliefs and less opposed to Catholicism than the Puritan and low-church parties

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Separatists

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Believed that the whole Church of England was corrupt and that true Christians must separate from it. Separatist groups included the Pilgrim and later the Baptists and the Quakers.

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Episcopal polity

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Rule by bishops who appoint lower officials

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Presbyterian polity

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Rule by elders elected from among the people, who in turn elect higher officials

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Congregational polity

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Each congregation elected its own officers and the church remained independent of each other: Baptists, Puritans and a few other groups adopted this polity

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Congregationalists

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Puritans in America came to be called this

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Half-Way Covenant

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Unconverted church members who lived a moral life could present their children for baptism

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Salem Witch Trials

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Resulted from claims of several young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, that witches were afflicting them; accused were tried by authorities and at least 20 people were put to death; only those who professed innocence were executed

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Baptists

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Emphasize the doctrine of baptism but would only baptize professing believers and then only by immersing them in water

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Quakers

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Teach that an "Inner Light" is some kind of "spark of divinity" and that man is saved through obeying its leading rather than through the atonement of Christ

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Presbyterians

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Last major English Separatist group to come to America; doctrinally like the Congregationalists except that they practiced presbyterian polity

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Dutch Reformed

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Similar in doctrine and practice to the Presbyterians; migrated to America more for wealth than religious reasons

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Huguenots

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French reformed (protestants); came to America because of religious persecution in France

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German Reformed Church

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Protestants; migrated to America from southern Germany and preserved their identity by concentrating on one colony - Pennsylvania

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Lutherans

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Followers of the teaching of Martin Luther; migrated to America in trickles concentrating in Pennsylvania because of the religious tolerance; most American Lutherans came from Germany

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Mennonites

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Anabaptist group founded by Menno Simons; refused to serve in the military, vote or hold office; stressed a holy, simple life; largest anabaptist group; tried to preserve their old ways of life by rejecting modern changes and having little contact with outsiders

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Amish

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Anabaptist group that was more conservative that the mennonites; practiced strict church discipline; settled in Pennsylvania and built large farms that their descendants farm today; tried to preserve their old ways of life by rejecting modern changes and having little contact with outsiders

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Pietism

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Like the Puritans, emphasized the importance of conversion and the necessity of a holy life. Unlike the Puritans, however, they tended to downplay doctrine thinking it too divisive

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Moravians

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Most important Pietist group in America; evangelism was a primary concern; conducted mission work with the American Indians; built thriving communities

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Catechism

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A summary of a denomination's doctrine framed in a question-and-answer form

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Bay Psalm Book

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Book of hymns published by the Puritans in 1640; the first book published in America

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Great Awakening

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A powerful social, political and religious force that permanently altered the course of American history

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Jonathan Edwards

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The greatest theologian of the Great Awakening - and perhaps American history; famous for his sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

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George Whitefield

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Outstanding evangelist of the Great Awakening who began preaching outdoors because most of England's churches were closed by narrow-minded ministers

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Shubal Stearns

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Trust Christ under the preaching of WhItefield and later became baptist causing the Anglican Whitefield to lament "My chickens have turned to ducks"; established Sandy Creek Baptist Church in North Carolina

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Daniel Marshall

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Brother-in-law to Shubal Stearns; founded Kiokee Baptist Church in Georgia in 1772.

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What was the most important denomination in the South?

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Anglican

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What sect was centered in the colony of Pennsylvania?

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Quakers

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What conservative branch of the Mennonites practiced strict church discipline?

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Amish

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Puritanism

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The most influential religious movement in colonial America.

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Pilgrims

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First non-Anglican religious group to settle in America

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Most American Lutherans came from what country?

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Germany