Us History 1

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Republican Party

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Northern Party only- started in 1850's- Lincoln was first major candidate from party

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Interstate Slave Trade

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Selling slaves fromm NE Slave states to the SW section of the US- Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas

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Abraham Lincoln

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Republican-ran for Illinois Senate vs. Douglass- took a more radical stand than DOuglass did. Ended up losing to Douglass- however the Lincoln- DOuglass Debates lead him to the Nat'l Spotlight and helped Republicans to form party's believes

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Charles Sumner

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Senator who made comments against slavery. Was beaten by Preston Brooks from SC- One of events that described the tension in the country- lead to Civil War

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James Buchanan

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Democrats candidate for President in 1856, endorsed popular sovereignty in teh territories- won election did nothing when the Southern States seceed. Weak president and Pro-South

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Planters

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Agriculturalists owning 20 or more slaves, less tahn 4% of the total white population in the South

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Harriet Beecher Stowe

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Author of Uncle Tom's cabin- purely fictional best seller that gave the country a glimpse of what slavery was like.
Most influential literature of the time- Nat'l best seller, had no personal knowledge of slavery
Emotional threat- from books portrayl of slavery as a threat to the family adn the cult of domesticity

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Underground Railroad

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A way for slaved to escape to the free Northern States or Canada- mostly lead by freed blacks from North. Largely a black operated enterprise

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Stephen A. Douglass

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Senator who wanted people to move West to unify the Country- expand RR-take minds off of slavery

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Slave Family

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Slaves have a strong and binding sense of family and kinship- close bonds united mothers, fathers, and children- parents shared child rearing responsibilities. Marital bonds were encouraged by owners (believed to produce more offspring)

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Lincoln-Douglass Debates

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Illinois Senate Race between Lincoln and Douglass. Debates brought Lincoln to Nat'l attention and to party spotlight

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Harriet Tubman

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Made regular visits to the South to help lead slaves into freedom

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Ostend Manifesto

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Acquire Cuba no matter what it takes- memo from Pierce administration. Caused uproar, from those anit-salvery, seen as a way to extend slavery

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Nat Turner

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Leader of the bloodiest slave revolt of all times. He led this band from plantation to plantation killing nearly 60 whites. After this rebellion, slaves had a more realistic sense of their odds of confrontation against whites

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Election of 1860

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Shatters democratic party-
Lincoln- Republican
Douglass- Democrats candidate, from North
John Bell- New Party- w/goal of preserving Union
John Breckinridge- Southern Democrate candidate

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Wilmont Proviso

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At end of Mexican War- he amended the treaty to say that sections acquired from this was couldn't have slavery, didn't pass

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Millart Fillmore

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Voted with the compromise of 1850- replaced Taylor after his death

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David Walker

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Wrote- Appeal ...to the Colored Citizens of the World.
denounced slavery and called for a black revolt- Africian American

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John Brown- Harpers Ferry

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Brown led a small band of men across the Potomac River and seized the federal arsenal and armory from Harper's Ferry. goal was to launch a guerrilla was from havens to the Appalachians that would eventually extend to the plantation regions of the South.
Was executed and tried for treason- deemed a Martyr in the Northern states

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Fugitive Slave Law

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A fugitive slave must be returned to the South if caught in the North

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Kansas-Nebraska Act

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Get people to move West- Douglass wanted people to move West, and wanted them to decide if the state was slave or free

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Hinton R Helper

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Antislavery Southern-
Tried to convince people that plantations created a priviledged class and didn't allow for economic opportunities for the nonslaveholder white majority class.
Wrote Impending Crisis of the South- anyone caught with this book was beaten or lynched. Book was an appeal to nonslaveholders to take power and resist planter regime

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Dred Scott vs Stanforth

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Missoiri slave sued for his freedom cuz he lived for years in area where slavery wasn't outlawed by the MI Compromise.
Supreme Court ruled agaist Scott- not a citizen of the US, therefore he can't sue.
declared MI Compromise unconstitutional

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Cotton Kingdom
"Cotton is King"

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The SOuthern US had the most economic interest in thse US precivil war. 3/4 of the world's cotton came from this area. Southern orator proclaimed that "Cotton in King."

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John Brown

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Killed a Pro-slavery group in cold blood. Helped Republican launch their campaign of "Bleeding Kansas"

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Frederick Douglass

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Escpaed slave who became an abolitionist orator, the freed blacks most eloquent leader- Founded the North Star newspaper- which gave blacks a chance to speak of liberation

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Mountaineers

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lived too high up too succeed at farming- relied on hunting, lumbering, and whishey rebellion

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Black Christianity
Covert Slave Religion

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Incorporated elements of Africian religion and stressed those portions of the Bible that spoke to teh aspirations of an enslaved people thirsting for freedom-
* highly emotional affair that featured singing, shouting, and dancing. Atmosphere resembled a backwoods revival meeting. Adaptation of Africian religious beliefs adn customs

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Kinship

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Gave Africian Americans some sense that they were members of a community, not just a collection of individuals victimized by oppression. Whole plantations joined under kinship traits

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Yeoman Farmers

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Own the land that they work themselves

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Compromise of 1850

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Many seperate events that link together to form this compromise

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Popular Sovereignty

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The people of the territory could decide if it's slave or free, caused a civil war in Kansas

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Zachery Taylor

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President against slavery- died in office, food poisoning- ran for president without a platform, whigs party candidate