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11 Cards in this Set
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Henry Cabot Lodge |
In the period leading up to WWI, Lodge, a Republican Senator with immense power thought that an aggressive foreign policy would offer a release from domestic failures. He was part of Roosevelt's "imperialist cohort" who sought to take Puerto Rico and the Phillippines. He led reform of consular and diplomatic services for TR. He preferred an all out war on Mexico in 1914. He hated Woodrow Wilson, and he was part of the Republican reservationists who did not support the League of Nations. He chaired the Foreign Relations Committee, and he stacked it with anti-League Republicans, which resulted in the treaty's defeat. |
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League of Nations (1919) |
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Shandong Province (1919) |
Perhaps Wilson's most damaging concession in peace negotiations. The Japanese had seized it from Germany in 1914, and the Chinese demanded to have it back - it was the birthplace of Confucius and the cradle of Chinese civilization. It became an honored symbol around the world representing Wilson's failure to honor self-determination. |
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Reparations (1919) |
Topic that was a source of debate among the Allied leaders. Clemenceau (and Lloyd George, to an extent) wanted to dismember and establish occupation in Germany, as well as making them pay for the entire war. Instead, they agreed to placing fixed limits on German power, temporary occupation of the Rhineland and the Sarar Basin, an Anglo-American pledge to aid France in the event of a German assault, the "war guilt" clause, and $33 billion in reparations. It was a "hard peace" according to Wilson, in one of this anti-German phases of bad health |
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Treaty of Versailles (1919) |
Ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed 28 June 1919, and it established 1) a Mandate system for colonies - Britain and France in the Middle East, Japan in China 2) Self-determination for Eastern European countries - reconstituting Poland, creating Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, rump states of Hungary and Austria 3) "War guilt" clause for Germans, reparations set at $33 billion, lost territory and population, no Anschluss with Austria |
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Article Ten of League of Nations Charter (1919) |
Members of the League undertake a "collective security. This provides for protection for the territorial integrity and political independence of all members of the League against external aggression. |
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Fourteen Points (1919) |
Blueprint for world peace that Wilson used for peace negotiations after World War I, first revealed in a January 1918 speech on war aims and peace terms by Wilson. Clemenceau and Lloyd George were both skeptical of the Wilsonian Idealism, or liberal internationalism. It called for an "open world," self-determination, and a general association of nations. |
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Eugene V. Debs (1912) |
Socialist candidate who won six percent of the vote in the 1912 presidential election. It was the most radical election in US history. He was a labor union leader, and went to jail for three years under the espionage and sedition laws for opposing militarism. Last legitimate socialist candidate (until #feeltheburn) |
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The Inquiry (1919) |
Wilson ordered Colonel House to assemble a group of US scholars to analyze postwar problems, a significant and innovative effort to bring scholarly expertise to foreign policy issues. It employed 150 people and produced more than three thousand papers and reports on post-war Europe. The importance of "The Inquiry" grew as Wilson relied less and less on the state department and more on the personal diplomacy. The reports served as a basis for his Fourteen Points at stance at the Treaty of Versailles |
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918) |
Peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), the ended Russia's participation in World War I. Germany gained some Russian territory and German troops shifted westward away from the Eastern Front. It required increased involvement by the US. The US first tried to intervene in Russia in 1918 (Murmansk and Siberia Campaigns) to re-establish a second front, overthrow the Bolsheviks, and assist the White Armies, but then Wilson got out soon (like Mexico). US had a decisive influence in the changing tide and outcome of the war after Russia pulled out. Allies saw the Treaty as a betrayal. |
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Espionage and Sedition Acts (1917, 1918) |
Examples of the domestic impact of war: repression and violation of civil liberties |
