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23 Cards in this Set
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US society before WWI |
Smaller and larger agencies to coordinate and control production, distribution, transportation, communication and propaganda War Industries Board: scarce materials, coordinated purchasing, fixed prices,etc., The Food Administration, The Fuel Administration, Railroad Administration, War Labor Board, U.S. Employment Service (heled workers find jobs), Women's Bureau International Workers of the World (IWW) organized strikes: exhausted workers because of mass production and stop the war |
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WWI |
1914-18 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria,Central vs Allied Powers Central: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire Allied: Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Canada, Japan, the United States; The US didn't want to join:they wanted to sell weapons to both sides, BUT Germany provoked them: Zimmer Telegram to Mexico about attacking the US as allies The US pushed back the Germans on the Western front, the Central Powers surrendered one by one |
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The League of Nations |
1920, The 1st worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace, by Paris Peace Conference that ended WWI, US never became a member, 4 permanent members: British Empire, France, Italy, Japan |
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Women receive vote |
1920 |
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The Great Depression |
1929 The stock market crashed Higher unemployment, poverty grew New Deal: series of government programmes which would give relief, recovery, and reform, it improved the economy but didn't end the Great Depression (it ended by WWII) |
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Ku Klux Klan |
Anti-color, anti-foreigner, anti-Catholic organisation White supremacy |
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US in the 20s after WWI - "The Roaring Twenties" |
Growth, increased wealth, consumer products (Ford Model T) Isolatinist foreign policy (didn't want to enter another global war, laws and treaties to end war forever, refused to sell weapons to its former allies) Spanish Flu, Railroad Administration, strikes (exhausted due to mass production) 1921: President Harding (big gap btw rich and poor), 1923: Calvin Coolidge President, 1928: Hoover President 1929: The Great Depression New Deal, "red scare", Ku Klux Klan, birth control for women (middle class), "new Negro", Jazz Age, League of Nations (1st ww intergovernmental organisation to maintain world peace) |
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Red scare definition |
A fear of radical movements especially communists |
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The "New Negro" |
African American urbanisation Migration from rural areas to cities (from South to North) The black mostly lived in ghettos such as Harlem in New York Jazz music, Jazz Age Marcus Garvey nationalist: superiority of black culture |
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New Deal |
1933-39, Franklin Roosevelt, a series of government programs which would give relief, recovery and reform Building motorways, public work program, agriculture, only strong banks, agencies:Workers Progress Administration (WPA), Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) provide temporary jobs, youth work |
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Roosevelt president |
1901-1909 Progressive reforms US's first conservationist |
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US society during WWII |
Women: men places had to be filled in the workplace, women joined the labor force between 1940 and 1945, before that: pink collar sectors, toward the end of the war: demobilisation: they had to go back to their traditional roles Race: racial discrimination, 1941: Roosevelt's executive order to end discrimination, 1944: Supreme Court abolished white primaries, American-Japanese: harsh treatment in camps during the war: compensation in the 1980s |
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WWII |
Causes: economic depression, Treaty of Versailles, WWI, rise of militarism in Germany and Japan, failure of the League of Nations Germany lost 10% of its territories and pay reparations Hitler immediately began secretly building up Germany's army, Britain and France knew this but they wanted a stronger Germany to stop the spread of communism from Russia. 1936: Hitler made alliances w/ Italy and Japan: the Axis Powers, Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia, China, United States 1941: Pearl Harbor (Japan attacked the US), the US entered into the war, 1944: D-day, 1945: Hitler committed suicide, Nagasaki and Hiroshima atom bombs to Japan, end of WWII |
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WWII |
US didn't want to join but tried to help the Allied Powers (Soviet Union, Britain, France) with the Lend Lease Act (gave them money and guns in trade for use of air bases throughout the world) 1941 December 7, Pearl Harbor: US no longer neutral (Japan attacked the US) The war created many jobs (end of the Great Depression) 1945: Harry Truman President (after Roosevelt), Hiroshima and Nagasaki atom bombs in Japan |
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From Nixon to Reagan (1969-81) |
The rise of neo-conservatism, 60s: ppl were tired of various reform programs, 70s: New Right/neo-conservatives:return to traditional personal morality and demanded the dispersal of power Changing values,toward a multicultural society, 1980: Reagan president (focused on ending the Cold War) |
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After WWI keywords |
Isolationist foreign policy, League of Nations, The Great Depression, New Deal |
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Marshall Plan |
US provided $13 billion of aid to Western European nations, economic reconstructionFor the US, it provided trading partners, market for American goods, rebuilding Western EuropeMolotov Plan: system created by the Soviet Union as a response to the Marshall Plan. S.U. provided aid to rebuild the countries in Eastern Europe that were politically and economically aligned to the S.U., it supported communism |
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Truman doctrine |
1947, Britain could no longer afford to aid Mediterranean countries that were under insurrection, the US provided political, military, and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces, stop authoritarian or totalitarian communism, Truman asked for $400 M in military and economic assistance for Greece and Turkey |
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Cold War |
1947-1991 Cold War (US vs Soviet Union):They fought indirectly in the Korean (1960-53) and Vietnam War (1955-75),Cuban Missile Crisis (1962): The US and Soviet Union argued about where they could place nuclear weapons"Red scare": ppl losing their jobs, going to jail, executed, put on a blacklist if they were suspicious or guilty in supporting communism,Space Race (US Apollo, SU Sputnik), oil embargo (1973): the Middle East didn't give the US as much oil as they wanted Chernobyl power station exploded, multi-party system in the Soviet Union, The end of Cold War: the failure of Soviet Union and communism |
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Postwar era society |
Millions of white ppl moved from the cities to the suburbs, demobilisation: the returning men from the war did find jobs but at the expense of dismissal of women and certain minority groups (e.g.Mexicans), wages dropped, consumer society, baby boom (btw1950-60), service-based society, the white-collar workers outnumbered blue-collars, 1946: strikes for better working conditions, job security and better wages, more jobs,60s: counterculture: lived communally, practicing free love, against Vietnam War (1955-75), Free Speech Movement, high-tech industries: Silicon Valley |
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Postwar age society- women |
Feminine Mystique: the idea that women were happy and content w/doing housework, marriage, sexual passivity and bringing up children alone. Pink-collar jobs, end of the war:they had to go back to their traditional role, discrimination against women(medical schools, female lawyers), Fighting for women's rights, National Organisation for Women (NOW) wanted an Equal Rights Amendment (equality in all areas),1973: Roe v. Wade: abortions became legal70s-80s: more job opportunities,1964: Civil Rights Act:prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin, Equal Opportunities Commission: stop discrimination based on sex, race, religion |
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Postwar era society- race |
Desegregation was carried out slowly 1955-56: Montgomery buy boycott, Jim Crow laws prohibited the blacks from sitting in the front section of the buses, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat, Martin Luther King Jr. (Baptist minister), 1964: Civil Rights Act:prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin, Equal Opportunities Commission: stop discrimination based on sex, race, religion,1965: Voting Rights Act, a large number of blacks started to fight for their rights more heavily: radical group: Malcolm X (separate black community), Black Panther (armed defense against police brutality) |
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The US in the late 20th century and in the 21th century |
Bill Clinton (1993-2001): new jobs, lowest unemployment, internet in a lot of schools, higher income, The New Economy Movement: prioritises human well-being over economic growth, GMO, cell phone, globalisation, WWW, Microsoft George Bush (2001-2009): 2001 September 1: 9/11 attack by Islamist extremists, deny financing terrorist groups Barack Obama (2009-2017): The Great Recession (started in 2007): collapse of the housing market, 1st African-American president of the US Donald Trump (2017-2021): fighting against terrorism, controversial during COVID |
