Urinary System

Front 1

name of artery entering kidney

Back 1

renal artery

Front 2

blood vessel leading away from the glomerulus in the nephron

Back 2

efferent

Front 3

tube connecting the kidney to the bladder

Back 3

ureter

Front 4

name one metabolic waste found in urine

Back 4

urea, uric acid, creatinine

Front 5

outer section of the kidney

Back 5

renal cortex

Front 6

part of the kidney which is a cavity that is continuous with the ureter

Back 6

renal pelvis

Front 7

triangular shaped structures found in the renal medulla

Back 7

Renal pyramids

Front 8

functional unit of the kidney

Back 8

nephron

Front 9

first step in urine formation

Back 9

glomerular filtration

Front 10

name one substance not normally found in filtrate

Back 10

formed elements, plasma proteins

Front 11

does ADH cause the tubules of the nephron to reabsorb more or less water?

Back 11

causes reabsorbtion of more water

Front 12

vitamin that is activated by the kidney

Back 12

vitamin D

Front 13

name of the substance that moves from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule

Back 13

glomerular filtrate

Front 14

the 4 organs of the urinary system

Back 14

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

Front 15

name 3 nitrogenous wastes

Back 15

urea, uric acid, creatinine

Front 16

this nitrogenous waste is made by the breakdown of amino acids in the liver

Back 16

urea

Front 17

this nitrogenous waste is made by the breakdown of nucleotides

Back 17

uric acid

Front 18

this nitrogenous wate is made by muscle cells from the breakdown of creatine phosphate

Back 18

creatinine

Front 19

the process of getting rid of metabolic wastes

Back 19

excretion

Front 20

name 3 organs besides the kidney that play a role in excretion

Back 20

skin, lungs, liver

Front 21

this homeostatic mechanism helps maintain blood pressure

Back 21

water-salt balance

Front 22

this homeostatic mechanism causes the kidneys to excrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate ions

Back 22

acid-base balance

Front 23

this homeostatic mechanism helps maintain a blood pH of 7.4

Back 23

acid-base balance

Front 24

name 2 hormones that are secreted by the kidneys

Back 24

renin and erythropoietin

Front 25

this hormone is secreted by the kidneys to allow the adrenal glands to secrete aldosterone to help regular water-salt balance

Back 25

renin

Front 26

this hormone secreted by the kidneys helps stimulate red blood cell production when blood oxygen is low

Back 26

erythropoietin

Front 27

what vitamin do kidneys activate; promotes calcium absorbtion from the digestive tract

Back 27

vitamin D

Front 28

this part of the urinary system stores urine; sphincters keep it closed

Back 28

urinary bladder

Front 29

when the bladder fills, it activates which receptors that signal the spinal cord

Back 29

stretch receptors

Front 30

what are the 3 regions of the kidney

Back 30

renal cortex, renal medulla and renal pelvis

Front 31

this region of the kidney has an outer granulated layer that contains nephrons

Back 31

renal cortex

Front 32

this region of the kidney has cone-shaped tissue masses called renal pyramids; inner layer is packed densely with blood vessels and tubules

Back 32

renal medulla

Front 33

this region of the kidney has the central cavity that is continuous with the ureter

Back 33

renal pelvic

Front 34

what is the functional unit of the kidney

Back 34

nephrons

Front 35

how many nephrons are there per kidney

Back 35

1 million

Front 36

this part of the nephron is a knot of capillaries inside the glomerular capsule where pores produce a blood filtrate

Back 36

glomerulus

Front 37

this part of the nephron has an epithelial layer with a brush border of microvilli to allow reabsorbtion of filtrate components

Back 37

proximal convoluted tubule

Front 38

this part of the nephron has a U-shaped structure that has a descending limb to allow water to leave and an ascending limb that pushes out salt

Back 38

loop of nephron or loop of henle

Front 39

this part of the nephron is made of epithelial cells that are rich in mitochondria; important for movement of molecules from the blood to the tubule

Back 39

distal convoluted tubule

Front 40

several nephrons share this; it serves to carry urine to the renal pelvis

Back 40

collecting ducts

Front 41

the 3 processes in urine formation

Back 41

glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorbtion and tubular secretion

Front 42

how does the blood enter the glomerulus

Back 42

through the afferent arteriol

Front 43

what kind of process is glomerular filtration?

Back 43

passive, non-selective

Front 44

during glomerular filtration, the non-filterable components leave the glomerulus via this arteriol

Back 44

efferent arteriol

Front 45

name 4 filterable blood components in glomerular filtration

Back 45

water, nitrogenous wastes, nutrients and salt ions

Front 46

name 2 non-filterable blood components that leave the glomerulus during glomerular filtration

Back 46

formed elements and plasma proteins

Front 47

this part of urine formation consists of the PCT, loop of nephron and DCT

Back 47

tubular reabsorption

Front 48

during urine formation, many molecules and ions are reabsorbed from the filtrate in the tubues into the blood via this network

Back 48

peritubular capillary network

Front 49

what kind of process is tubular reabsorption

Back 49

active + passive, selective process

Front 50

name 3 reabsorbed filtrate components during tubular reabsorption

Back 50

most water, nutrients and required salt ions

Front 51

name 3 non-reabsorbed filtrate components

Back 51

some water, most nitrogenous wastes and excess salt ions

Front 52

considered the second way to remove substances from the blood during urine formation

Back 52

tubular secretion

Front 53

what kind of process is tubular secretion?

Back 53

active

Front 54

at what point does glomerular filtrate become urine

Back 54

at the end of the DCT during tubular reabsorption

Front 55

these carry urine from several nephrons into the medulla

Back 55

collecting ducts

Front 56

urine travels through tubules into the medulla and into this area of the kidney

Back 56

renal pelvis

Front 57

this organ stores urine

Back 57

the bladder

Front 58

this part of the urinary system carries urine from the bladder to the toilet

Back 58

urethra

Front 59

how do kidneys help in maintaining blood volume and pressure?

Back 59

by reabsorbing more or less salt and water

Front 60

this hormone is secreted by the adrenal gland; promotes the excretion of K+ and the reabsorption of Na+

Back 60

aldosterone

Front 61

this hormone is secreted by the atria of the heart when blood volume increases; it inhibits the secretion of aldosterone

Back 61

atrial natruiretic hormone

Front 62

this hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland; stimulates tubes to reabsorb more water

Back 62

antidiuretic hormone

Front 63

what is the homeostatic pH of blood

Back 63

7.4

Front 64

kidneys excrete H+ ions and reabsorb bicarbonate ions if blood is...

Back 64

acidic

Front 65

kidneys will not excrete H+ ions and not reabsorb bicarbonate ions if blood is...

Back 65

basic or alkaline

Front 66

a chemical or a combination of chemicals that can take up take up excess H+ or excess OH-

Back 66

a buffer

Front 67

buffering system when hydrogen ions bind with bicarbonate ions and form carbonic acid

H+ + HCO3 ------> H2CO3

Back 67

when H+ are added to blood

Front 68

buffering system when hydroxide ions bind with carbonic acid to form bicarbonate ions and water

OH- + H2CO3 -------> HCO3- + H2O

Back 68

When OH- are added to blood

Front 69

these systems temporarily prevent significant changes in pH

Back 69

buffering systems

Front 70

this center in the brain can increase breathing rates if the buffers cannot maintain the pH

Back 70

the respiratory center

Front 71

this organ is responsible for maintain blood pH

Back 71

the kidneys

Front 72

The movement of water and solutes across the cell membrane due to hydrostatic pressure from the cardiovascular system

Back 72

filtration

Front 73

the act or process of absorbing again, as selective absorption by the kidneys of substances already secreted into the renal tubules and their return to the circulating blood

Back 73

reabsorption

Front 74

the process, act or function of discharging or ejecting waste product of metabolism, especially from the system of an organism

Back 74

secretion

Front 75

process of eliminating metabolic wastes

Back 75

excretion