Urinary System

Front 1

Renal Capsule

Back 1

thin layer of dense connective tissue, maintain kidney shape, form barrier that inhibits spread of infection for surrounding areas

Front 2

Adipose Capsule

Back 2

External to renal, consists of perirenal fat(cusions kidneys and holds them in place)

Front 3

Cortex

Back 3

tissue on outside edges, light in color and granular in appearance

Front 4

Renal Columns

Back 4

inward extension of cortex between pyramids

Front 5

Medulla

Back 5

deeper, darker than cortex

Front 6

Medullary Pyramids

Back 6

Cone shaped capsules within medulla, contain parallel bundles of urine collecting tubules

Front 7

Papilla

Back 7

apex of pyramid that points internally

Front 8

Renal Lobe

Back 8

1 pyramid + cortical tissue around pyramid, 5-11 lobes and pyramids per kidney

Front 9

Hilus

Back 9

where vessles, uterus and nerves enter and leave the kidney, cleft on medial concave surface

Front 10

Renal Pelvis

Back 10

Flat, funnel shaped tube, expanded superior part of uterer

Front 11

Minor calyx

Back 11

2 or 3 branches of renal pelvis

Front 12

Major Calyx

Back 12

Multiple branches from majo, cup shaped and hold papilla of pyramids

Front 13

Renal Sinus

Back 13

Large space within medial part of kidney opening to exterior thru renal hilus. Contains renal vessels and nerves, some fat and urine carrying tubes

Front 14

Uriniferous Tubules

Back 14

Nephron and collecting tubule

Front 15

Renal Capsule

Back 15

Spherical place where filtration occur only in cortex

Front 16

Glomerulus

Back 16

Tuft of capillaries, seperates urine out of blood. Site of filtration

Front 17

Glomerular Capsule

Back 17

Surrounds glomerulus, cup shaped

Front 18

Capsular Space

Back 18

interio of GS

Front 19

Proximal Convulated Tubule

Back 19

Confined to cortex, most active in reabsorption and secretion, cubodial epithelaial cells, microvilli increase surface area

Front 20

Descending Limb

Back 20

Continuous with proximal tubule

Front 21

Distal Convulated Tubule

Back 21

Confined to cortex, specialized secretion/reabsorption of ions, simple cubodial epithelium

Front 22

Collecting Tubule

Back 22

Recieves urine from many nephrons and runs straight through cortex into medulla, conserve body fluid, join to form papillary ducts in pyramid

Front 23

Urine

Back 23

Corpuscle - Proximal Convulated Tubule - Loop of Hanle - Distal Convulated Tubule - Collecting Tubule - Papilla - Major Calyx - Minor Calyx - Renal Pelvis - Ureter

Front 24

Uterers

Back 24

Slender tubes carrying urine from kidneys to bladder. Peristalic waves -- contracting waves to poush urine to bladder

Front 25

Bladder

Back 25

Collapsible muscle that stores and expels urine

Front 26

Detrusor Muscle

Back 26

Smooth muscle layer, senses when bladder is getting full, involntary contraction squeezes urine out during micturation

Front 27

Trigone

Back 27

Openings for uterers and urethra, triangular region on posterior wall

Front 28

Urethal Openings

Back 28

Urine enters at oblique angle to pevent back flow of urine

Front 29

Urethra

Back 29

thin walled tube that drains urine from bladder and of body

Front 30

Internal Urethral Sphincter

Back 30

Thick layer of detrusal muscle forms at bladder/uretha junction, involuntray smooth muscle, keeps urethra closed when not urinating

Front 31

External Urethral Orfice

Back 31

Small opening that lies anterior to vaginal opening and posterior to clitoris

Front 32

Arteries

Back 32

Aorta-renal-segmental-lobar-interlobar-arcuate-interlobular-afferent-glomerlus-effernt-vasa recta-

Front 33

Veins

Back 33

vasa recta-interlobular-arcute-interlobar-renal-inferior vena cava

Front 34

Renal Plexus

Back 34

network of automatic fibers and ganglia on renal arteries. Nerve supply to kidney

Front 35

Endocrine System

Back 35

Endocrine organs secrete hormones, which are signaling molecules tha travel in the bloodstream and bind to receptors at particulars places in the body. Endocrine organs are ductless and have a rich blood supply. Control of hormone secretion is done by blood-borne molecules(hurmonal) neural impulses(neural) and other hormones(hormonal)

Front 36

Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis)

Back 36

Base of brain, posterior half of pituatary gland. Recieves signals vai direct neural connection from hypothalamus

Front 37

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Back 37

Increase permeability of collecting ducts in kidney, decreases water excretion

Front 38

Oxytocin

Back 38

responsible for feelings of attachment, smooth muscle contraction of uterus, assists location

Front 39

Anterior Pituitary (adenohypophysis)

Back 39

base of brain, posterior half of pituitray gland. recieves signals through "hypophyseal portalsystem" of vessles from hypothalamus