Byu Pd Bio 220 (Anatomy) Lecture #19 Respiratory System, Ch. 25

Front 1

Organs of Respiration

Back 1

1) Nose
2) Nasal Cavity
3) Pharynx
4) Larynx
5) Trachea
6) Bronchi
7) Lungs
8) Diaphragm

Front 2

Functions of Respiratory System

Back 2

1) Works closely with circulatory system(oxegnating blood)
2) Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
3) Gas exchange and conditioning
4) Sound Production
5) Olfaction
6) Defense( Immune System)

Front 3

Steps of Respiration

Back 3

1) Pulmonary Ventilation
2) External Respiration
3) Transport of Respiratory Gases
4) Internal Respiration
5) Carbon Dioxide is added to the atmosphere during exhalation

Front 4

Pulmonary Ventilation

Back 4

Air moving in and out of the lungs

Front 5

External Respiration

Back 5

Gas exchange between blood and air (at the alveoli)

Front 6

Internal Respiration

Back 6

Gases exchanged between bood and tissue cells

Front 7

Ventilation

Back 7

1) Inspiration
2) Exhalation

Front 8

Inspiration

Back 8

1) Diaphragm contracts- moves inferiorly and flattens
2) External Intercostals contract- raising the ribs

Front 9

Expiration

Back 9

1) Quiet respiration is passive
2) Forced respiration produced by contraction of muscles in the abdominal wall

Front 10

Cystic Fibrosis

Back 10

1) Genetic Respiratory Disease
2) Affects organs that secrete mucin, tears, sweat, digestive juices, and saliva
3) Abnormal chloride transport- results in thick mucus
4) Mucus buildup blocks pancreatic ducts and prevents digestive enzymes from entering the small intestine
5) Mucus buildup blocks the bronchial tree, leading to chronic respiratory infections

Front 11

Upper Respiratory Tract

Back 11

1) Nose and Nasal Cavity
2) Pharynx

Front 12

Nose and Nasal Cavity

Back 12

1) Provides an airway for respiration
2) Lined with psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
3) Blood vessels and mucus help moisten and warm entering air
4) Mucus and vibrissae filter inhaled air
5) Resonating chamber for speech and sound
6) House olfactory receptors

Front 13

Pharynx

Back 13

1) Connects nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus
2) Three regions:
A) Nasopharynx
B) Oropharynx
C) Laryngopharynx

Front 14

Nasopharynx Epithelium

Back 14

Psuedostratified ciliated columnar

Front 15

Oropharynx Epithelium

Back 15

Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous

Front 16

Laryngopharynx Epithelium

Back 16

Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous

Front 17

Lower Respiratory Tract

Back 17

1) Larynx
2) Trachea
3) Bronchi and Bronchioles and Associated Structures
4) Respiratory Portion

Front 18

Trachea

Back 18

1) Windpipe
2) Posterior wall is not rigid; allows esophagus to expand
3) Composed of "C" shaped tracheal cartilages
4) Mucosa
A) psuedostratified ciliated
columnar epithelium
B) Contains numerous goblet cells

Front 19

Goblet Cells

Back 19

secret mucus

Front 20

Larynx

Back 20

1) Routes Air and Food
2) Provides open airway
3) Voice Production

Front 21

Voice Production

Back 21

True Vocal Chords(or Vocal Folds)
1) Length creates Sound Range
2) Tension creates Pitch
3) Force of Air creates Volume(loudness)

length, tension, and positition determines sound quality

Front 22

Respiratory Portion

Back 22

1) Respiratory Bronchioles
2) Alveolar Ducts
3) Pulmonary Alveoli

Front 23

Alveoli

Back 23

Small saccular outpocketings

Front 24

Compostion of Alveolus

Back 24

1) Type I Cells
2) Type II Cells
3) Dust Cells
4) Respiratory Membrane
5) Alveolar Pores

Front 25

Type I Cells of Alveolus

Back 25

1) Most Numerous
2) Structural Cells- provide rapid gas diffusion across alveolar wall
3) Simple Squamous

Front 26

Type II Cells of Alveolus

Back 26

1) also called septal cell
2) Cuboidal shape
3) Secret Pulmonary Surfactant- reduces surface tension and prevents alveoli from collapsing

Front 27

Dust Cells

Back 27

Macrophages

Front 28

Respiratory Membrane

Back 28

Air-blood barrier

Front 29

External Structures of the Lung

Back 29

1) Base
2) Apex
3) Hilum
4) Cardiac Impression and Notch

Front 30

Base

Back 30

Rests on the diaphragm

Front 31

Apex

Back 31

Superior region of tip

Front 32

Hilum

Back 32

1) Region where bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass
2) Collectively, all structures passing through the hilum are termed the "root of the lung"

Front 33

Cardiac Impression and Notch

Back 33

Indentations formed by the heart

Front 34

Structures of the Pleura

Back 34

*serous membrane lining the lungs
1) Parietal pleura
2) Visceral pleura
3) Pleural cavity- space between the two layers of pleura
4) Pleural fluid- lubrication that prevents friction of lungs during breathing

Front 35

Respiratory Disorders

Back 35

1) Pneumonia
2) Bronchial Asthma
3) Emphysema
4) Lung Cancer

Front 36

Pneumonia

Back 36

Infection of the alveoli of the lung resulting in swellling and reduced capacity for gas exchange.

Front 37

Bronchial Asthma

Back 37

Hypersensitivity of conductin pathways leads to inflammation and bronchoconstriction

Front 38

Emphysema

Back 38

1) Poorly functioning alveoli due to dilation of alveoli and loss of elastic tissue
2) Air is trapped in alveoli

Front 39

Lung Cancer

Back 39

1) Cigarette Smoking Leading Cause
2) 3 Common Types
A) Squamous Cell Carcinoma
B) Adenocarcinoma
C) Small Cell Carcinoma
3) Most effective treatment is complete removal of diseased lung

Front 40

Development of the Respiratory System

Back 40

1) Week 4: Respiratory diverticulum and primary bronchial buds form
2) Week 5: Secondary bronchial buds form
3) Week 6: Tertiary bronchi form