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4 Cards in this Set
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ANP. Atrial natriuretic peptide:
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Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH), or atriopeptin, is a powerful vasodilator, and a protein (polypeptide) hormone secreted by heart muscle cells. It is involved in the homeostatic control of body water, sodium, potassium and fat (adipose tissue). It is released by muscle cells in the upper chambers (atria) of the heart (atrial myocytes), in response to high blood pressure. ANP acts to reduce the water, sodium and adipose loads on the circulatory system, thereby reducing blood pressure.
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ADH. Anti diuretic hormone:
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH), is a neurohypophysial hormone found in mostmammals, including humans.[1] Vasopressin is a peptide hormone that controls the reabsorption of molecules in the tubules of the kidneys by affecting the tissue's permeability. It also increases peripheral vascular resistance, which in turn increases arterial blood pressure. It plays a key role in homeostasis, and the regulation of water, glucose, and salts in the blood. It is derived from a preprohormone precursor that is synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored in vesicles at the posterior pituitary. Most of it is stored in the posterior pituitary to be released into the bloodstream; however, some AVP is also released directly into the brain.
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PTH. Parathyroid hormone:
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH), parathormone or parathyrin, is secreted by the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids. It acts to increase the concentration of calcium (Ca2+) in the blood, whereas calcitonin (a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland) acts to decrease calcium concentration. PTH acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood by acting upon parathyroid hormone receptor in three parts of the body: PTH half-life is approximately 4 minutes. It has a molecular mass of 9.4 kDa.
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kidney: path of urine flow
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step 1
nephron = functional. step 2 Glomerulus. step 3 bowman's capsule. step 4 proximal convoluted tubule. step 5 loop of Henle. step 6 distal convoluted tubule. step 7 collecting duct. step 8 minor calyx. step 9 major calyx. step 10 renal pelvis. step 11 Ureter. step 12 Bladder. step 13 Urethra. step 14 urethral orifice. |
