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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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clavicle |
"collar bone" connects arm to trunk most commonly broken bone because it is the 1st bone to completely ossify |
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Broken clavicle |
lost of support of upper limb arm drops medially across chest |
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acromioclavicular ligament (AC) |
scapula + clavicle |
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coracoclavicular ligament (CC) |
holds weight of scapula trapezoid + conoid ligaments |
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separated shoulder |
cause: torn/stretched CC ligament shoulder drops medially across chest |
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glenoid fossa |
shoulder joint |
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dislocated shoulder |
cause: blow to head of humerus pushes head sown and out of glenoid fossa (antero-inferiorly) |
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Acromion |
"tip of shoulder" |
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trapezius |
laterally rotates scapula elevates shoulder innervated by spinal accessory nerve |
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Deltoid |
flexion and extension of humerus primary abductor of humerus innervated by axillary nerve |
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Rotator cuff |
Supraspinatus - abduction (suprascapular n.) Infraspinatus - lat. rotation (suprascapular n.) Teres minor - lat. rotation (axillary n.) Subscapularis - medially rotation (upper and lower subscapular n.) |
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serratus anterior |
holds scapula to rib cage long thoracic nerve |
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latissimus dorsi |
extensor of humerus thoracodorsal nerve |
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Roots of Brachial plexus |
Anterior Rami C5 C6 C7 C8 T1 |
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Upper trunk (C5-C6) |
Suprascapular nerve subclavian nerve Posterior cord Lateral cord |
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Posterior cord |
axillary nerve radial nerve thoracodorsal nerve upper and lower subscapular |
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Axillary nerve |
deltoid teres minor |
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radial nerve |
triceps posterior forearm muscles of thumb |
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lateral cord |
musculocutaneous nerve lateral root of median nerve |
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musculocutaneous nerve |
muscles of anterior arm |
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Lower trunk (C8-T1) |
medial cord ulnar nerve median nerve |
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Median nerve |
anterior forearm thenar eminence lumbricals 1 and 2 index and middle fingers |
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ulnar nerve |
palmar and dorsal interossei lumbricals 3 and 4 little and ring finger adduction of thumb |
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blood supply of axilla |
subclavian a. --> axillary a. --> brachial a. |
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Axillary artery |
2nd division: lateral thoracic -- supply breast 3rd division: subscapular a. |
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subscapular artery |
thoracodorsal -- scapula anterior circumflex -- head of humerus posterior circumflex -- scapula |
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Anterior arm muscles |
flex and supinate arm innervated by musculocutaneous nerve |
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biceps brachii |
chief supinator major flexor of forearm |
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Biceps tendon reflex test |
tests C5-C6 |
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Posterior arm muscles |
extension of forearm triceps brachii innervated by radial nerve |
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triceps tendon reflex test |
tests C7-C8 |
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Cubital fossa |
median nerve medial cubital vein radial nerve brachial artery becomes radial and ulnar arteries |
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Anterior forearm muscles |
flex, abduct, adduct hand flexors of digits pronate forearm innervated by median nerve |
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Posterior forearm muscles |
supinates forearm extend, adduct, abduct hand extends digits adducts thumb innervated by radial nerve |
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Anatomical snuffbox |
bones and tendons (scaphoid) radial nerve radial artery |
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FOOSH fall on out stretched hand |
impacts absorbed by middle finger may break scaphoid and even radius diagnosed by applying pressure to snuffbox |
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Carpals |
8 carpal bones scaphoid and lunate -- move against radius |
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movements of wrist joint |
flexion, extension, abduction and adduction of hand |
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metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints |
metacarpal and phalanges FEAA of proximal phalanx |
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interphalangeal (IP) joints |
between phalanges flexion and extension of most distal phalanx |
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Erb's palsy (waiter's tip shoulder) |
cause: excessive traction that separates head an shoulder injury to muscles innervated by C5-C6 -- rotator cuff, deltoid, biceps symptoms: can't flex elbow, hand pronated, atrophy of deltoid, contraction of pec major |
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Klumpke's palsy |
cause: strong pull upward on arm injury to lower trunk (C8-T1) and ulnar nerve cause claw hand |
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Carpal tunnel |
9 tendons median nerve (ulnar nerve and artery pass outside) |
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carpal tunnel syndrome |
cause: entrapment/compression of median n. pain and sensory deficits -> motor deficits with dysfunction of thenar eminence |
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thenar eminence |
muscles of thumb innervated by motor branch of median nerve |
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opponens pollicis |
rotates thumb to touch other digits unique to humans |
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interossei muscles |
DAB -- Dorsal interossei ABducts finger PAD -- Palmar interossei ADducts finger |
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lumbrical muscles |
originates from tendons of hand flex MP joints extends IP joints |
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extensor hood |
joint tendons on top of the hand fine movements of hand |
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superficial palmar arch |
continuation of ulnar artery |
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deep palmar arch |
continuation of radial artery |
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allen test |
to determine appropriate circulation of radial and ulnar arteries in hand |
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wrist drop |
radial nerve injury |
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palsy benedictian |
medial nerve injury cant flex index and middle fingers |
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ape hand |
median nerve injury cannot rotate thumb |
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claw hand |
ulnar nerve injury extended thumb (cant adduct) lumbrical and interossei not working |
