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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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# of axial and appendicular bones |
80 axial, 126 appendicular |
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Clavicle - Axial or Appendicular |
Appendicular (limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdles) |
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Examples of short bones |
Carpals and tarsals (A long bone has shaft with heads at both ends e.g. femur) |
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Examples of elastic cartilage |
Ear auricle, eustachian tube, epiglottis |
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Direct vs Indirect bone development |
Direct = Intramembranous Indirect = Intrachondral or Endochondral |
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Germ layer origin of humerus |
Mesoderm Lateral/Somatic = Limbs/Appendicular ParAXIAL = Axial structures Splanchnic/Visceral = Muscles |
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What are synarthroses? |
Synarthroses - Immovable joints (fibrous) Diarthroses - Movable joints (synovial) Amphiarthroses - slightly movable joints (cartilaginous) |
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Syndesmoses vs Gomphoses |
BOTH are Fibrous joints a) Syndesmoses - connects tibia and fibula, radius and ulna b) Gomphoses - alveolar sockets c) Sutures |
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Ginglymus vs Trochoid vs Enarthroses |
Ginglymus = HinGe (elbow, knees, ankles) Trochoid = PivoT (atlantoaxial, radiioulnar) Enarthroses = Ball and socket (shoulder, hip) Plane = Sternoclavicular and AC joint Condyloid = MCP joint (knuCkles) Ellipsoidal = wrist Saddle = carpometacarpal of thumb |
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Landmark for verification of brachial nerve plexus block |
Pulsations of the third part of the axillary artery |
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Rotator Cuff muscles |
SITS Supraspinatus (suprascapular n.) Infraspinatus (suprascapular n.) Teres minor (axillary n.) = lateral rotator Subscapularis (upper subscapular n.) = lateral rotator Teres major inn. by lower subscapular n. (medial rotator) |
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Most common location of shoulder dislocation |
AnteroInferior = weakest part is Inferior (WOF for axillary n. injury) |
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Most commonly inflamed rotator cuff |
Supraspinatus m. |
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Dorsal scapular spaces and contents |
Quadrangular spaces - axillary n. (circumplex n.), posterior circumflex Triangular space = circumflex scapular vessels Triangular interval = radial n., profunda brachii artery |
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Main flexor of the arm Main supinator of the arm Main extensor of the arm |
Main flexor of the arm = Brachialis Main supinator of the arm = Biceps brachii Main extensor of the arm = Triceps brachii |
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Inability to supinate the arm is due to what nerve injury? |
Radial n. = Supinator Musculocutaneous n. = Biceps Brachii |
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Flexors of the forearm are innervated by the median nerve except |
Flexor carpi ulnaris Ulnar half of Flexor Digitorum Profundus |
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Only flexor muscle innervated by radial nerve |
Brachioradialis |
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Injury caused by repetitive flexion and pronation of the arm |
Medial Epicondylitis/Golfer's elbow Lateral Epicondylitis/Tennis elbow from forced extension and flexion of the forearm |
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Bone articulations of elbow joint |
CR-TU Capitulum = Radial head Trochlea = Ulna |
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Muscle flexion for MCP, PIP, and DIP |
MCP = Lumbricals (ulnar and median n.) PIP = Flexor digitorum superficialis (median n.) DIP = Flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar and median n.) |
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Identify the 3 thenar muscles |
AbFO (median n.) Abductor Pollicis Brevis Flexor Pollicis Brevis Opponens Pollicis |
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Intrinsic muscles of the hand and innervations |
LIE Lumbricals (ulnar and median n.) Interossei (PAD-DAB) (Ulnar n.) Extensor digitorum (radial n.) |
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Hypothenar muscles |
AbFO (ulnar n.) Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi |
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Trace brachial plexus |
RTDC 5 roots 3 trunks 6 divisions 3 cords |
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Branches of Lateral Cord |
LML (C5-C7) Lateral root of Median n. Musculocutanous n. Lateral Pectoral n. |
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Branches of Medial Cord |
4M-U (C8-T1) Medial branch of Median n. Medial Pectoral n. Medial cutanous nerve of arm and forearm Ulnar n. |
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Branches of Posterior Cord |
ULTRA (C5-T1) Upper and Lower subscapular n. Thoracodorsal n. Radial n. Axilary n. |
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Brachioradialis tendon reflex tests what nerve |
C5-C7 (mainly C6) Biceps reflex (Main C5, C6) Triceps reflex (C6, Main C7, C8) |
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Erb-Duchenne vs Klumpke's |
Erb-Duchenne (C5-C6) = Proximal muscles = Waiter's tip position (pronated and medially rotated arms) Klumpke's (C8-T1) = Distal muscles = Ape and Claw hand = Horner's syndrome |
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Prominent medial border of scapula |
Winged scapula due to long thoracic n. injury (Serratus m. for protraction of scapula and upward rotation) |
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Actions of latissimus dorsi |
Extends, medially rotates, and adducts the arm Trunk rotation |
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Surgical neck fracture, nerve involved |
Axillary nerve (difficulty in abduction and lateral rotation) |
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Humerus, midshaft fracture, nerve involved |
Radial nerve (wrist drop) sparing muscles in the forearm |
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Proximal vs Distal Median n. lesions |
Both have paresthesia in lateral 3 and 1/2 fingers Proximal = Supracondylar fracture = Hand of Benediction Distal = Ape hand, Carpal tunnel, Lunate fracture |
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Contents of Carpal Tunnel |
9+1 4 tendons of FDS 4 tendons of FDP Tendon of Flexor pollicis longus Median n. |
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Proximal vs Distal Ulnar n. lesions |
Both have paresthesia in medial 1 and 1/2 fingers In addition, distal lesions (usually due to hamate fracture) results to CLAW hand (lumbrical defect that FLEX MCP and EXTEND IP joints) |
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What muscle divides the axillary artery into 3 parts? |
Pectoralis minor 1st part = 1 branch = Superior thoracic a. 2nd part = 2 branches = Thoracoacromial and lateral thoracic a. 3rd part = 3 branches = Subscapular (largest), anterior and posterior circumplex humeral a. |
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Radial artery begins at the level of? |
Radial neck (lateral to FCR, medial to brachioradialis) |
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Landmark for subclavian, axilary, and brachial arteries |
Subclavian = root of posterior triangle fo the neck as it crosses the first rib Axillary = third part is in front of the teres major Brachial artery = cubital fossa, medial side |
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Vein of choice for central venous cathterization |
Basilic vein (joins with brachial vein to form axillary vein) |
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First bone to begin ossification? Last to ossify? |
Clavicle (medial 2/3 convex forward, later 1/3 flattened) Weakest point at the JUNCTION |
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Smith vs Colle's Fracture |
Both fractures of radius Smith = palmar displacement Colle's/Dinner/Silver Fork Deformity = dorsal and superior displacement |
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Most commonly fractured carpal bone Most commonly dislocated carpal bone |
Most commonly fractured carpal bone: Scaphoid/Navicular Most commonly disLocated carpal bone: Lunate (Carpal tunnel syndrome) |
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Anatomical snuffbox boundaries Contents? |
Lat - tendons of EPB and AbPL Medial - tendon of EPL Floor - Scaphoid, Trapezium Contents: Radial artery, styloid process of radius, base of 1st metacarpal bone |
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Flexion of the proximal IP joints, usually starting at the ring then little finger |
Dupuytren's contracture |
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What is Bennett's fracture? Boxer's fracture? |
Bennett's = Fracture of the base of the first metacarpal Boxer's = oblique fracture of the fourth or fifth metacarpals |
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Lymphatic drainage of upper limbs |
Level I --> II --> III --> TD/RLD I: Anterior (Pectoral), Lateral (Humeral), Posterior (scapular) II: Central III: Apical |
