United States History I Final

Front 1

wilmot proviso

Back 1

proposal that slavery shall not exist in the territories aquired from Mexico after Mexico-American War

Front 2

John Brown's Raid

Back 2

failed attempt to incite a slave uprising in VA; John Brown was hanged for treason; Southerners convinced that Northereners were plotting slave uprisings everywhere

Front 3

Adv./Dis. of Union and Confed.

Back 3

union: population 22 mil; 92 % industry; 75% nation's rrs; 75% nation's wealth

Confederate: 9 mil; very little industry; few RRs; most wealth in lands and slaves; brilliant, bold military leaders

Front 4

Habeas Corpus

Back 4

court order requiring authorities to bring a prisioner before the court so that the court can determine whether the prisioner is being held legally

Front 5

Vicksburg

Back 5

confederate holdout; prevented union from taking complete control of Mississippi

Front 6

Gettysburg

Back 6

3 day battle; crippled south and lee never invade another northern state

Front 7

ulysses s. grant

Back 7

general of union army in western theather and, ultimatley whol army; institued policies of unconditional surrender and total war

Front 8

lincoln's changing position on slavery

Back 8

1858: believed in supremacy of whites;

1861: preserve the union, not free slaves (1st inag. address)

1862: supports colonization

1863: Emancipation Proclamation- freed all slaves that were in states against the union

1865: 2nd inag. address freed all slaves

Front 9

election of 1864

Back 9

lincoln won second term against Johnson

Front 10

scalwats

Back 10

white southereners who joined republican party

Front 11

radical republicans

Back 11

congressional republicans, who after the civil war wanted to destroy political power of former slaveholders and to give African Americans full citizenship and the right to vote

Front 12

Jim Crow Laws

Back 12

laws enacted by southern state and local gov. to seperate whites and blacks in public and private facilities

Front 13

trust

Back 13

group of people that run seperate companies as one corportation (i.e. Standard Oil)

Front 14

pooling/cartel

Back 14

a combination of independent business organizations formed to regulate production, pricing, and marketing of goods by memebers

Front 15

collective bargaining

Back 15

discussion between rep. of labor and managment for the purpose of negotiating an agreement on wages, hours, and working conditions

Front 16

sitdown

Back 16

a strike in which the workers refuse to leave the workplace until a settlement is reached

Front 17

homestead strike

Back 17

repeadily cut wages; Frick had sent in strike breakers & national guard was sent to protect strikebreakers

Front 18

pullman strike

Back 18

workers @ Pullman Palace Car Company walked off job; Clevland sent fed. troops to break strike (protect delivery of mail)

Front 19

Emma Lazarus

Back 19

The New Colossus: famous poem celebrating the Statue of Liberty

Front 20

political machines

Back 20

organized group that controls a political party in a city and offers services to voters and businesses in exchange for political and finacial support

Front 21

tammany hall

Back 21

NY city's powerful and corrupt political machine; boss tweed was in charge of Tammany Hall (1868-1871); estimates of total amount that Tammany Hall stole from NY city range from 30 mil-200 mil

Front 22

Thomas Nast

Back 22

political cartoonist- helped arose public outrage against Tammany Hall's corruption and helped break the Tweed Ring in 1871

Front 23

Temperance

Back 23

organized effort to prevent the drinking of alchol

Front 24

18th amendment

Back 24

outlawed the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alchol

Front 25

initiative

Back 25

people, rather than the legislature, introduce and enact a law

Front 26

recall

Back 26

people may remove the governor, lieutent governor, or members of the state legislature from

Front 27

referendum

Back 27

people approve or reject a law that is already passed by the legislature

Front 28

16th amendment

Back 28

legalized federal income tax on earnings

Front 29

17th amendment

Back 29

US senators are elected directly by people

Front 30

19th amendmemnt

Back 30

guarantees women the right to vote

Front 31

Muckrackers

Back 31

members of press - investigated corruption in order to expose problems to Americans

Front 32

WEB DuBois

Back 32

african american activits; attacked Booker T Washingtn for not doing more in campaign for African American civil rights; formed Niagra Movement; helped form the NAACP and was editor for its magazine

Front 33

Social darwinism

Back 33

idea that humans, like animals and plants comete in struggle for existence; "survival of the fittest"

Front 34

monroe doctrine

Back 34

declared US had interest in western hemisphere and europe powers must not meddle in affairs at any developing nations there

Front 35

open door policy

Back 35

European nations share trading rights in China with US

Front 36

roosevelt corollary

Back 36

an amendment to the Monroe doctrne; US was going to act as international police power in Latin America

Front 37

dollar diplomacy

Back 37

US businesses invest in many Latin American countries; use tread instead of warships; used to justify keeping Eurp[e out of western hemisphere

Front 38

alfred thayer mahan

Back 38

argued that naval power was key to success in international politics; nation controlled seas hold decisive factor in modern warfare

Front 39

albert beveridge

Back 39

indiana senator; pushed for new territory on economic grounds

Front 40

imperlisim

Back 40

stronger nations extend their economic, political, and miliary control over weaker nations

Front 41

yellow journalism

Back 41

sensational stories published about Spanish problems in Cub

Front 42

USS Maine

Back 42

ordered to protect Americans, mysteriously blew up (266 Americans killed); US newspapers blamed Spain

Front 43

Rough riders

Back 43

voluntary cavalry; led by Theodore Roosevelt and Leonard Wood

Front 44

DeLomeLetter

Back 44

spanish minister of US wrote letter to friend in Cuba; called McKineley weak; letter stolen and published in US newspaper; Americans wanted war with Spain

Front 45

Boxer Rebellion

Back 45

Chinese rebellion against western influences

Front 46

panama canal

Back 46

hay-bunau-varilla treaty- US control canal in reutrn for protection for 90 mil/year;

1921- us paid colombia 25 mil for compensation

Front 47

seward's folly

Back 47

alaskan territory

Front 48

annexation of hawaii

Back 48

American sugar planters gain control of Hawaii's gov; after the Spanish-American war US annexes Hawaii in 1898; in 1959 Hawaii becomes 50th state

Front 49

Susan B. Anthony

Back 49

women's suffragist; helped establish NWSA; arrested for attempting to vote in NY

Front 50

second great awakening

Back 50

19th centruy religious movement in which individual reponsibility for seeking slavation was emphazed; along with the need for personal and social improvement

Front 51

unitarianism

Back 51

religion that emphazied reason as path to perfrection; believed conversion was gradual process rather than one single emotional movement

Front 52

Adams-Onis Treaty

Back 52

Spain ceded FL to US; disavowed any claims it had to Oregon territory

Front 53

Five civilized tribes

Back 53

cherokee; choctow; seminole; creek; and chickasaw all adopted white culture

Front 54

fifty-four forty or fight

Back 54

slogan used in 1884 presidential election as call for US annexation of Oregon territory

Front 55

sand creek massacre

Back 55

200 cheyenne killed by colonel john chivington

Front 56

battle of little big horn

Back 56

2000 sioux warriors defeat custer's 7th cavalry in 20 min.

Front 57

wounded knee

Back 57

300 unarmed sioux killed; centered on ghost dance

Front 58

grange movement

Back 58

organization that helped mid-western farmers fight for gov. regulation of rrs

Front 59

factory susyem

Back 59

power-drive machinery and laborers assigned to different tasks under one roof

Front 60

mormons

Back 60

memebers of a church founded by Jospeh Smith- practiced polygamy; settled in utah to avoid persecution

Front 61

Dawes Act

Back 61

an 1887 law that broke up reservations into lots; each adult head received a lot; US gov. would sell remainder of lots to white settlers

Front 62

Fugitive Slave Act

Back 62

fugitives not entitled to jury trial;

fugitives could not testify;

anyone caught helped fugitives fined 1000

Front 63

14th amendemtn

Back 63

= rights to african americans

Front 64

15th amendment

Back 64

allows african americans to vote

Front 65

Johnson's impeachemnt

Back 65

tenure of office- president cannot move any cagbinet memeber with out consent from 2/3 senant;

johnson removed sec. or state- edwin stanton

house voted articles of impeachment to remove johnson (stays by one vote)