Unit Ii-Endocrine

Front 1

Tissues/Organs involved in the endocrine system

Back 1

Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Thyroid
Adrenal Glands
Pancreas
Ovaries/Testies

Front 2

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

Back 2

1) FSH (follicle)
2) LH (leutenizing)
3) GH (growth)
4) TSH (thyroid)
5) MSH (Melana)
6) Prolactin
7) ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic)

Front 3

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

Back 3

FSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary and a negative feedback system.
Stimulates ovary follicles to fill with fluid until mature and then rupture (ovulation). An ovum is released leaving the corpus luteum (ruptured follicle) which secretes estrogen and progesterone. As estrogen and progesterone is secreted (increase) it signals decreased production of FSH. As the corpus luteum scars and there is a decrease in estrogen and progesterone it stimulates the secretion of FSH and the process starts over.
During menopause, the ovaries stop producing estrogen and progesterone which causes the FSH to continue rising. The body will eventually realize the FSH is not doing it's drop and will decrease. High levels of FSH will be seen in labs during menopause.
A deficiency in FSH causes infertility.
Birth Control is low doses of estrogen which causes the body to not secrete FSH and mature the follicle that releases the ovum.
FSH in males aids in the production of sperm.

Front 4

LH (Leutenizing Hormone)

Back 4

LH is secreted by the anterior pituitary.
It stimulates maturation of reproductive system and maturation of secondary sex characteristics. (pubic hair, male (in combination with testosterone): lower voice & facial hair, female (in combination with estrogen): breasts & fat around reproductive organs).

Front 5

Prolactin

Back 5

Prolactin is secreted by the anterior pituitary and is a positive feedback system.
It's target organ is the mammary glands.
It prepares the mammary glands for lactation and production of milk.
An increase of prolactin causes a decrease in FSH, however this is not reliable birth control.

Front 6

MSH (Melena Stimulating Hormone)

Back 6

MSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary and is responsible for skin color.
Excess Melena Stimulating Hormone will show darker color usually on the knuckles, elbows, and creases of the skin.

Front 7

GH (Growth Hormone)

Back 7

GH is secreted by the anterior pituitary and is responsible for growth.
There is a surge of GH pre-adolescence.
It causes growth of bone and connective tissues.
After puberty the levels drop off
and the epiphyseal plates seal, once that happens that will be your height.
Excess GH is usually caused by a pituitary tumor.
An excess in GH before and during puberty causes Giantism, excess growth in the long bones. After puberty and the epiphyseal plates have sealed, an excess in GH causes Acromegaly, causing excess growth in the flat bones, connective tisseus, and muscles. This is seen in the pronounced brow and chin, thick tongue, and fingers and toes. The priority assessment would be cardiac due to uncontrolled growth on the muscle.
Do not do deep palpations due to possibility of aortic aneurysm.
Monitor blood glucose due to hormones that add to the body, such as growth, causes the blood sugar to be high.

Front 8

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)

Back 8

TSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid the secret T3 and T4.
Excess TSH causes hyperthyroidism. S/s are hot, heat intolerance, increase HR, appetite, sweating, weight loss, irritability, exophthalmos tx: thyroidectomy or medications and destroy the thyroid.
This condition can be life threatening due to the heart constantly working so hard.
Hypothyroidism is a deficiency of of T3 and T4. S/s are the opposite of hyperthyroidism, everything slows down. Also brittle hair/nails, amenorreha, and Myxedema which is depression, mental slowness, and flat affect.
Tx: synthroid, supplement t3 and t4.