Unit 7 And 8

Front 1

Homeostasis

Back 1

the tendency of a system, esp. the physiological system of higher animals, to maintain internal stability, owing to the coordinated response of its parts to any situation or stimulus tending to disturb its normal condition or function.

Front 2

Thermoregulation

Back 2

e regulation of body temperature.

Front 3

Regulation

Back 3

usual; normal; customary:

Front 4

systole

Back 4

the normal rhythmical contraction of the heart, during which the blood in the chambers is forced onward.

Front 5

diastole

Back 5

the normal rhythmical dilatation of the heart during which the chambers are filling with blood.

Front 6

arteries

Back 6

a blood vessel that conveys blood from the heart to any part of the body.

Front 7

veins

Back 7

Any of the membranous tubes that form a branching system and carry blood to the heart.

Front 8

capillaries

Back 8

pertaining to or occurring in or as if in a tube of fine bore.

Front 9

atria

Back 9

either of the two upper chambers on each side of the heart that receive blood from the veins and in turn force it into the ventricles.

Front 10

ventricles

Back 10

A chamber of the heart that receives blood from one or more atria and pumps it by muscular contraction into the arteries. Mammals, birds, and reptiles have two ventricles; amphibians and fish have one.

Front 11

valves

Back 11

A membranous structure in a hollow organ or passage, as in an artery or vein, that folds or closes to prevent the return flow of the body fluid passing through it.

Front 12

platelets

Back 12

A minute, nonnucleated, disklike cytoplasmic body found in the blood plasma of mammals that is derived from a megakaryocyte and functions to promote blood clotting.

Front 13

plasma

Back 13

the liquid part of blood or lymph, as distinguished from the suspended elements.

Front 14

SA node

Back 14

a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat

Front 15

AV node

Back 15

A small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers, located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart, that receives heartbeat impulses from the sinoatrial node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles.

Front 16

ammonia

Back 16

a colorless, pungent, suffocating, highly water-soluble, gaseous compound, NH3, usually produced by the direct combination of nitrogen and hydrogen gases: used chiefly for refrigeration and in the manufacture of commercial chemicals and laboratory reagents.

Front 17

urea

Back 17

a compound, CO(NH2)2, occurring in urine and other body fluids as a product of protein metabolism.

Front 18

uric acid

Back 18

a compound, C5H4N4O3, present in mammalian urine in small amounts, and the principal nitrogenous component of the excrement of reptiles and birds, that in the form of its salts occurs in the joints in gout and as the major constituent of kidney stones.

Front 19

glomerulus

Back 19

a compact cluster of capillaries.

Front 20

ammonia

Back 20

A colorless, pungent gas, NH3, extensively used to manufacture fertilizers and a wide variety of nitrogen-containing organic and inorganic chemicals.

Front 21

urea

Back 21

a compound, CO(NH2)2, occurring in urine and other body fluids as a product of protein metabolism.

Front 22

uric acid

Back 22

a compound, C5H4N4O3, present in mammalian urine in small amounts, and the principal nitrogenous component of the excrement of reptiles and birds, that in the form of its salts occurs in the joints in gout and as the major constituent of kidney stones.

Front 23

salivary amylase

Back 23

an enzyme in the saliva that converts starch into dextrin and maltose.

Front 24

pepsin

Back 24

an enzyme, produced in the stomach, that in the presence of hydrochloric acid splits proteins into proteoses and peptones.

Front 25

zymogen

Back 25

any of various enzyme precursor molecules that may change into an enzyme as a result of catalytic change.

Front 26

pepsinogen

Back 26

crystals, occurring in the gastric glands, that during digestion are converted into pepsin.

Front 27

Duodenum

Back 27

the first portion of the small intestine, from the stomach to the jejunum.

Front 28

Spermatogenesis

Back 28

the origin and development of spermatozoa.

Front 29

organogenesis

Back 29

the origin and development of an organ.

Front 30

archenteron

Back 30

the primitive enteron or digestive cavity of a gastrula.

Front 31

kinesis

Back 31

the movement of an organism in response to a stimulus, as light.

Front 32

territoriality

Back 32

the behavior of an animal in defining and defending its territory.

Front 33

altruistic

Back 33

unselfishly concerned for or devoted to the welfare of others

Front 34

exponential growth

Back 34

development at an increasingly rapid rate in proportion to the growing total number or size; a constant rate of growth applied to a continuously growing base over a period of time

Front 35

Predation

Back 35

act of plundering or robbing.

Front 36

Symbiosis

Back 36

the living together of two dissimilar organisms, as in mutualism, commensalism, amensalism, or parasitism.

Front 37

coevolution

Back 37

evolution involving a series of reciprocal changes in two or more noninterbreeding populations that have a close ecological relationship and act as agents of natural selection for each other, as the succession of adaptations of a predator for pursuing and of its prey for fleeing or evading.

Front 38

primary succession

Back 38

the development of plant and animal life in an area without topsoil; the development of biotic communities in a previously uninhabited and barren habitat with little or no soil

Front 39

carbon cycle

Back 39

the circulation of carbon atoms in the biosphere as a result of photosynthetic conversion of carbon dioxide into complex organic compounds by plants, which are consumed by other organisms: the carbon returns to the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide as a result of respiration, decay by fungi, bacteria, etc., and combustion of fossil fuels.

Front 40

water cycle

Back 40

the natural sequence through which water passes into the atmosphere as water vapor, precipitates to earth in liquid or solid form, and ultimately returns to the atmosphere through evaporation.

Front 41

nitrogen cycle

Back 41

the continuous sequence of events by which atmospheric nitrogen and nitrogenous compounds in the soil are converted, as by nitrification and nitrogen fixation, into substances that can be utilized by green plants, the substances returning to the air and soil as a result of the decay of the plants and denitrification.

Front 42

desertification

Back 42

the processes by which an area becomes a desert.

Front 43

biomagnifications

Back 43

The increasing concentration of a substance, such as a toxic chemical, in the tissues of organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain. As a result of biomagnification, organisms at the top of the food chain generally suffer greater harm from a persistent toxin or pollutant than those at lower levels.