Unit 4 Part 2

Front 1

audition

Back 1

the sense or act of hearing.

Front 2

frequency

Back 2

the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time (for example, per second)

Front 3

pitch

Back 3

a tone's experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency.

Front 4

middle ear

Back 4

the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window.

Front 5

cochlea

Back 5

a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses.

Front 6

inner ear

Back 6

the inter-most part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibule sacs.

Front 7

place theory (von Helmholtz)

Back 7

in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated.

Front 8

frequency theory

Back 8

in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch.

Front 9

conduction hearing loss (conduction deafness)

Back 9

Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea.

Front 10

sensorineural hearing loss

Back 10

hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness.

Front 11

cochlear implant

Back 11

a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea.

Front 12

kinesthesis

Back 12

the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts.

Front 13

vestibular sense

Back 13

the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance.

Front 14

gate-control theory

Back 14

the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in large fibers or by information coming from the brain.

Front 15

sensory interaction

Back 15

the principle that one sense may influence another,

Hint 15

EA the smell of food influences its taste.

Front 16

visual capture

Back 16

the tendency to allow visual images to dominate our perception; vision becomes the dominate sense.

Front 17

gestalt

Back 17

an organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes. Includes the 4 principles of; closure, connectedness, similarity, proximity.

Front 18

figure-ground

Back 18

the organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground).

Front 19

grouping

Back 19

the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups.

Front 20

depth perception

Back 20

the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance.

Front 21

visual cliff

Back 21

a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals.

Front 22

binocular cues

Back 22

depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes.

Front 23

retinal disparity

Back 23

a binocular cue for perceiving depth

Hint 23

By comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes, the brain computes distance-the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object.

Front 24

monocular cues

Back 24

depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone.

Front 25

phi phenomenon

Back 25

illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on/off in quick succession.

Front 26

perceptual constancy

Back 26

perceiving objects as unchanging(having consistent shapes, size, lightness, and color) even as illumination and retinal images change.

Front 27

color constancy

Back 27

perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object.

Front 28

perceptual adaptation

Back 28

in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field.

Front 29

perceptual set

Back 29

a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.

Front 30

parapsychology

Back 30

the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis.

Front 31

extrasensory perception (esp)

Back 31

the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and recognition.

Front 32

clairvoyance

Back 32

the ability to see or know things without actually perceiving them via the senses.