Unit 3: The Medieval World

Front 1

Justinian's Code

Back 1

a collection of the ancient laws of Rome

Front 2

Roman Catholic Church

Back 2

the branch of the Christian Church that is headed by the Pope.

Front 3

Eastern Orthodoc Church

Back 3

the Eastern branch of the Christian Church, headed by the patriarch in Constantinople

Front 4

Hagia Sophia

Back 4

a cathedral built in Constantinople, featuring a dome over a rectangular building.

Front 5

Crusades

Back 5

in the Middle Ages, a series of campaigns led by European Christians seeking to regain the Holy Land from the Muslin Turks

Front 6

Golden Horde

Back 6

The Mongol army of nomadic tribesmen, led by Genghis Khan, that invaded Asia in the 1200s.

Front 7

Bedouin

Back 7

nomadic Arab

Front 8

Islam

Back 8

the monotheistic religion founded in Arabia by mohammed during the seventh century A.D.

Front 9

Muslim

Back 9

a follower of Islam

Front 10

Koran

Back 10

The holy book of Islam

Front 11

Five Pillars of Islam

Back 11

the five religious duties of Muslims, imcluding prayer, fasting and holy pilgrimages to the holy city of Mecca.

Front 12

Hegira

Back 12

Mohammed's flight from Mecca to Medina

Front 13

jihad

Back 13

an Arab term for "struggle," applied to the effort to convert or conquer nonbelievers.

Front 14

Sunni

Back 14

the group of Muslims who hold traditional Islamic beliefs

Front 15

Shiite

Back 15

one of the group of Muslims who broke away from the main body of Islam in the seventh century.

Front 16

Middle Ages

Back 16

The period from about A.D. 500 to 1500 that began with the decline of the Roman Emire.

Front 17

feudalism

Back 17

the political system in which a king granted the use of land to nobles in return for loyalty, military assistance, and services.

Front 18

manorial system

Back 18

the economic system in Europe during the Middle Ages, based on large estates owned by lords and worked by serfs.

Front 19

middle class

Back 19

in the Middle Ages, an urban social class that included merchants, artisans, their families,, and others who did not have feudal obligations; later, those who were socially and economically between the working and the nobility or very wealthy upper class.

Front 20

Battle of Hastings

Back 20

the battle in the 1066 in which the Normans, led by William the Conqueror, defeated the Saxon King and took control of England.

Front 21

Common law

Back 21

a system of law developed in England in medieval times, based on earlier royal court decisions and established customs

Front 22

Magna Carta

Back 22

meaning "Great Charter," a document agreed to by King John of England in 1215 that recognized the barons' rights and privileges.

Front 23

Parliament

Back 23

an assembly of representatives who made the laws of a nation; in England, consists of the House of Lords and House of Commons.

Front 24

limited monarchy

Back 24

a government in which the ruler's powers are limited by law or by a governing body, such as a parliament.

Front 25

absolute monarchy

Back 25

a government in which a ruler has complete power.

Front 26

Concordat of Worms

Back 26

an agreement reached in 1122 between the Church and the Holy ROman Emperor that recognized the Church as the supreme authority in spiritual matters and ruled that monarchs could have no authority over the Church

Front 27

heresy

Back 27

the holding of beliefs considered wrong by the Church

Front 28

Inquisition

Back 28

in Europe, a thirteenth-century Church court that sought out and tried persons suspected of heresy

Front 29

Reconquest

Back 29

the 500 year struggle by Spanish Christian kingdoms to recover Spain from the Muslims.

Front 30

Hanseatic League

Back 30

alliance of German cities to promote and protect trade in the 1300s.

Front 31

Scholastics

Back 31

a group of medieval philosophers who argued that reason could be used to explain Christian teachings.

Front 32

Romanesque

Back 32

a style of architecture developed during the Middle Ages, characterized by rounded arches, thick walls, small windows, and little ornamentation

Front 33

Gothic

Back 33

a style of architecture developed during hte twelfth century, which freatured pointed arches, flying buttresses, and large, stained-glass windows

Front 34

Black Death

Back 34

also known as the bubonic plague; a contagious, usually fatal disease transmitted by freas from infected rats, that reached epidemic proportions in fourteenth century Europe.

Front 35

Hundred year's War

Back 35

a series of conflicts (1337-2453) between France and England over French lands held by the English King.

Front 36

Wars of the Roses

Back 36

a civil war (1455-1485) between two rival branches of the English royal family

Front 37

Babylonian Captivity

Back 37

a term used by Romans to describe the period (1309-1377) when all the Popes were French, ruled from Avignon, and supported policies favorable to France.

Front 38

Great Schism

Back 38

the period when two Popes held office at the same time (1378-1417)

Front 39

Justinian

Back 39

Byzantine ruler

Front 40

Theodora

Back 40

Justinian's wife, who he would always go to for advice.

Front 41

Vladimir

Back 41

Kievan prince who brought Christianity to Russia.

Front 42

Ivan III, "The Great"

Back 42

founder of unified Russia

Front 43

Mohammed

Back 43

Founder of Islam

Front 44

Avicenna

Back 44

Muslim philosopher

Front 45

Venerable Bede

Back 45

English monk who completed a history of the Church in England

Front 46

Saint Benedict

Back 46

Italian monk who established the Benedictine order

Front 47

Saint Patrick

Back 47

Fifth-century Irish monk who convered the Irish to Christianity

Front 48

Clovis

Back 48

Frankish ruler

Front 49

Charlemagne

Back 49

Frankish king who was dedicated to spreading Christianity in Europe

Front 50

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Back 50

Ruler of Aquitaine and the wife of Louis VII of France and later of Henry II of England.

Front 51

Alfred the Great

Back 51

West Saxon king

Front 52

William the Conqueror

Back 52

Duke of Normandy who defeated the Saxons at the Battle of Hasting and then became king of England.

Front 53

King John

Back 53

Early English King who signed the Magna Carta

Front 54

Philip Augustus

Back 54

French monarch who defeeated the English and claimed English territories in northern France.

Front 55

Pope Gregory VII

Back 55

Pope who was involved in a struggle over authority with the Holy Roman Emperor.

Front 56

Henry IV

Back 56

Holy Roman emperor

Front 57

Pope Innocent III

Back 57

Pope who claimed the right to intervene in the affairs of any European state.

Front 58

Saint Dominic

Back 58

Founder of the Dominican order of friars

Front 59

Saint Francis of Assisi

Back 59

Founder of the Franciscan order of friars.

Front 60

Thomas Aquinas

Back 60

Dominican monk and scholastic philosopher

Front 61

Roger Bacon

Back 61

English monk and philosopher

Front 62

Dante

Back 62

Italian author who wrote the Divine comedy.

Front 63

Geoffrey Chaucer

Back 63

English author who wrote the Canterbury Tales.

Front 64

Joan of Arc

Back 64

French military leader and heroine.

Front 65

Henry VII

Back 65

English king and founder of the Tudor dynasty.

Front 66

John Wycliffe

Back 66

Religious reformer who completed the first English translation of the Bible.

Front 67

John Huss

Back 67

Bohemian religious reformer.