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200 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What's one of the youngest religions?
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Islam
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When did Islamic faith develop?
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7th cent
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Did how quickly did Islam spread?
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like wildfire
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When was Islam dominant in Spain?
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8th cent
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Where in did Islam dominant during the 8th cent?
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Iberian Peninsula
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Where did Islam originate?
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Arabian Peninsula (modern day saudi arabia)
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Where were some early Islamic empires?
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North Africa
India Spain |
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How did Islam spread?
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TRADE... caravans, water, Silk Road
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When did Muhammed die?
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632
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What happened to Islam after Muhammed died?
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Schism.... Sunni vs Shia
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When did the split of Sunni vs SHia happen?
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After Muhammeds death
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What did Sunnis want?
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Muhammeds successor picked from followers
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What did Shia want?
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Muhammeds successor picked from relative - Ali
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Which Islamic group wanted Muhammeds successor to be picked from his relatives?
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Shia
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Which Islamic group wanted Muhammeds successor to be picked from his followers?
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Sunni
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When was the Rashidun Caliphate?
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632-661... first one
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What was the first caliphate?
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Rashidun
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Where was the capital moved under the Rashidun Caliphate?
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from MEdina to Baghdad
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What crumbling empires did the early caliphates build off of?
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Persian and Byz
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What was the Rashidun's view on religion?
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liberal.... allowed sovereignties and religious tolerance for non-Muslims
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What was the second caliphate?`
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Umayyad
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What caliphates were before and after the Umayyad?
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before - Rashidun
after - Abbasid |
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Where did the capital move to under the Umayyads?
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From Baghdad to Damascus
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What caliphate had Baghdad as its capital?
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Rashidun
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Where does the Umayyad Caliphate expand into?
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Hispaniola (Spain)
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2 significant architectural feats of Umayyads?
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DOme of the ROck
Great Mosque of Cordoba |
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Dome of the Rock- where?
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Jerusalem
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Dome of the Rock - Christian significance?
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a church during the Byz Empire
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Dome of the Rock - Jew significance?
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houses the Foundation Stone and Ark of the Covenant
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DOme of the ROck - Muslim significance?
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place of Muhammed's ascent
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Describe the Great Mosque of Cordoba
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stripy arches
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Why did the Ummayad collapse?
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internal pressure
rival groups |
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Abbasid Caliphate -when?
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mid 8th - mid 13th cent
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Abbasid - what kind of administration?
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STRONG! single political entity
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What were 2 religious developments under the Abbasids?
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ulama and Sharia
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ulama
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Muslim religious scholars
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Sharia
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Islamic law - covered daily life, rituals, morals , politics
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What civilizations are the Abbasid comparable to? Why?
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Han and Rome! multi-ethnic and multi-religious, tolerant
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Which caliphate was considered the "GOlden Age"? Why?
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Abbasid. advancements in lots of fields(art, sci, med, lit, math, arch)
unified economically advanced!!! |
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Golden Age architecture?
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Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul
The Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia |
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Why did the Abbasid C crumble? (7 reasons)
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1. overextension
2. internal problems 3. sunni vs shia 4. seljuk turks 5. crusades 6. decentralization 7. FINAL STRAW - invaded by Mongols (1258) |
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Biggest geographical feature of African civs?
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Sahara Desert
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Bantu people
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ethnic/linguistic group in Africa
1000 CE migrated |
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Trans-saharan Trade
linked what? what kind of routes? extension of what? |
linked N Africa, W Africa, Med Sea
caravan Silk Road |
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2 important trans-saharan trade cities?
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Marrakech and Timbuktu
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What did the trans-saharan trade routes trade?
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slaves, ivory, gold, silver
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Mansa Musa
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wealthy African ruler - famous in Europe, traveled the world, had a hajj in the 14th cent to Mecca and handed out gold, Islamic
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What kingdoms did the Bantu develop into?
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Ghana and Mali
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What does Mali turn into during the 14th cent?
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Songhai Empire (14th-16th)
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Which caliphate starts with an O?
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Ottoman
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Nickname for Ottoman Empire?
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Gunpowder empire
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where did the ottomans originate from?
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Arabian Peninsula and N. Africa
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Mehmed the Conqueror - when?
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15th cent
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Mehmed the Conqueror - ruled what?
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Ottoman Empire
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What did Mehmed the Conqueror do?
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-conquered Byz Empire - took down Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul
-tried&failed to conquer Transylvania and Wallachia |
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What religion was Transylvania and Wallachia?
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Christian
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Vlad the Impaler
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ROMANian - fought Ottomans and impaled them along Danube River
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Suleiman the Magnificent - when?
What did he rule? |
16th cent
Ottoman empire during its apex |
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What did Suleiman the Magnificent try to do?
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conquer Vienna
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When did the Ottoman empire collapse and why?
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1919 b/c WW1
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What Chinese Dynasty came after the Han?
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Sui Dynasty
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When was the Sui Dynasty?
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late 6th/ early 7th cent.
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Define the Sui Dynasty in 3 points
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- short but important
- reunited country - expanded into C and S Asia |
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When was the Tang Dynasty?
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7-10th cent
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What came after the Sui Dynasty?
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Tang
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How big was the Tang Dynasty?
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larger than HAn! Big!
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WHo were the main rivals of the Tang DYnasty?
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Abbasid
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Battle of Talas :
who vs who? who lost? results? |
Abbasid vs Tang
Chinese lose 1. Chinese lose control Silk Road 2. China doesn't expand further |
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How did the Tang preside over its territories?
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Tributary system
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Important tributary states under Tang DYnasty?
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Korea and Japan
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How did the Tang Dynasty get rich?
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Tributes from tribute states
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How did the Tang Dynasty spend their money?
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infrastructure, domestic manufacturing, exports, education
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What trade network developed under teh Tang Dynasty?
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Indian Ocean Trade Network
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Hanlin Academy
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example of education under the Tang Dynasty
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What kind of govt did the Tang DYnasty have?
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meritocracy and Confuscianist govt
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Wu Zhao
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only Chinese female ruler to rule in her own right.... Tang Dyansty
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What Dynasty came after the tang?
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Song
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When was the song D?
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mid 10th - late 13th cent
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nickname for Song D?
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"5 kingdoms and 10 kingdoms period"
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What was the most innovative dynasty?
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SOng
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Guangzhou
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part of Song Dynasty, modern day Canton
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What trade was rly important to teh SOng DYnasty?
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Indian Ocean
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Achievements during Song Dynasty?
lots |
astronomy, clocks, naval, magnetic compass, Su Sung's clock, gunpowder, currency, woodblock printing, archeology
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Su Sung's clock
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showed time, day, sun, moon, 3 planet locations. Song D
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Who invented gunpowder?
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Song D
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WHo came after Song?
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Shang
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What did SHang bring back to China?
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Confuciansims like the Tang had and also Zen Buddhism
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Zen Buddism - describe it
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simplicity, self-enlightenment, meditation, meaning of life
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"mantra"
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principle of zen buddhism - self enlightenment and meditiation
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Why did the Shang D end?
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foreign pressure
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Mongols- when? Who were they concurrent with?
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13th cent. Song Dynastty
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Where were Mongols from?
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steppes of C. Asia
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What were the livilhoods of Mongols?
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horses neigh
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What did Mognols invent regarding horses?
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stirrup - stand up and stilll ride and shoot
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Who had the largest contiguous empire in WH?
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Mongols
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How did MOngols rule over their domain?
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tributary system
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WHat about religion in MOngols?
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religious freedom - christiam, islam, Christinatiy all ok
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What were tributary states under the Mongols called?
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khanates/hordes
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Khanate/ Horde
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tributary state under the Mongols
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Genghis Khan - when? who? attacked what?
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13th cent for 20 years.
Father of Mongol empire attacked Great Wall, E. Europe (in Russia and Ukraine) |
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Who attacked the Volga River, the Great Wall, Caffa, Moscow, Kiev?
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Genghis Khan
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Who was the started the MOngol empire?
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Genghis Khan
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Kublai Khan - when?
contributed to Mongols how? started what? failed to conquer what? |
late 13th cent.
ruled during apex of Mongols. started "GOlden Horde' and Yuan Dynasty and others failed at Japan |
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At the height of the Mongol empire, how far did it stretch?
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Danube RIver (W) to Pacific (E)
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Who ruled during the apex of the Mongol empire?
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Kublai Khan
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Who tried to conquer Japan twice and still failed?
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Kublai Khan?
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Who started teh Yuan DYnasty?
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Kublai Khan
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WHO started the "GOlden Horde"?
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Kublai khan
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Back ground of Marco POlo?
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rich Venetian trader
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who was the 1st European to see Asia?
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marco polo
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Which European met up with Genghis Khan in SHangdu?
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Marco Polo
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WHere did Marco POlo travel?
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Persia, china, India
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Where Genghis Khan meet up with Marco Polo?
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Shangdu/Xanadu (his summer home)
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who met up with Marco POlo from Asia?
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Genghis Khan
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What did Marco POlo do after his voyages?
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stole Chinese ideas, wrote book
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Ibn Battula
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most extensive world traveler yet...
Muslim |
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name 2 world travelrs in the 13th& 14th cent
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Marco POlo and Ibn Battula
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How did the Mongols collapse?
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plague in the 14th cent - lost 30-40% of Population. Empires collapsed.
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Where was teh capital during Heian Japan?
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Heian duh
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Heian Japan- when?
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8th cent to 12th cent
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WHo was the rulers of Heian Japan?
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emperor- figurehead
chancelllor - ruler |
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chancellor
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main ruler during Heian Japan
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Fujiwara Family
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main royal family during Heian Japan
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What characterized Heian Era?
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cultural development and innovation
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Which 2 empires were characterized by cultural development and innovation?
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Heian and Song DYnasty
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Did Heian Japan expand alot?
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no
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Tale of Genji
author genre? "first" what? |
Lady Murasaki
fiction "first modern novel" in WH |
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What did Lady Murasaki write?
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Tale of Genji
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New traditions of Heian Era?
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Geisha - entertainment ladies
Buddhism COnfuscaism Shintosim |
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Why did the Heian Era end?
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focused too much on culture.... warrior clans gang up and threaten people
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What came after the Heian Era?
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shogunates
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What was between the Heian era and shogunates?
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civil war in Japan
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Taira-Minamota War - when and who
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12th cent - 2 families in Japan. helped lead to shogunates
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When did Shogunates last until?
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19th cent!
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Kamakura shogunate:
when? capital moved where? |
12th-13th cent
from Heian to Kamakura |
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WHich shogunate had kamakura As its capital
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Kamakura Shogunate
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how much power did the emperor have in ashogunate?
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just a figurehead.,"", not much
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shogun
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real ruler in a shogunate
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daimyo
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"nobles" in shogunate
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samurai
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warriors in shogunate. had to follow COde of Ethics and do seppuku
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seppuku
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honorable death by suicide due to failure. samurai code of ethics required it
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What was the equivalent of European chivalry in Japan?
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COde fo Ethics
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Who were the "knights" of shogunates?
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samurai
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What happens when China tries to take over Japan under Kublai Khan?
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Japs refuse to surrender and China ships are deterred by kami-kaze (divine wind)
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kami kaze
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"divine wind" that saved the Japs from CHinese ships in 13th cent
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Ashikaga Shogunate:
when? pros and cons? |
14th-16th cent
pros: economically successful - Indian ocean trade. merchant class emerges cons: Daimyo get powerful. not as powerful as previous shogunates. had a civil war. |
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what came first, the kamakura or ashikaga shogunate ?
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Kamakura
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Uniquely Japanese culture?
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rock gardens, bonsai trees, haikus, SHintoism, geisha
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Ming Dynasty - when? longest what?
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14th - 17th cent. longest Modern dynasty
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What characterized the Ming Dynasty?
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trying to be a part of "Age of DIscovery"
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what did the Ming D arise from?
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Mongols, Yuan dynasty, recover from plague
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Hongwu
which civ? when? did what? |
Ming emperor
14th cent - 15th rebuilt and made strong govt |
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YongLe
which civ? when? built what? main focus? |
Ming Emperor
15th cent built Forbidden CIty and rebuilt Great Wall main goal: be a world power and be a part of Age of Discovery |
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Name 2 emperors of the Ming Dynasty
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Hongwu, Zhu Di
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Who built the Forbidden CIty?
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Yongle
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Who started off the Ming DYnasty?
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Hongwu
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Zheng He
when? who? comparable to who? which dynasty? explored where? how? |
14th-15th cent
explorer and mariner and trader like COLUMBUS Ming DYnasty Asia, Middle east, africa |
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Why did SPain and Port. want to go to the Americas?
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God GLory Gold
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Describe encomienda system
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peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, native americans, slaves .
each owner gets land with laborers included, they give some profits back to SPain. |
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peninsulares
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born from spanish in Spain
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mestizos
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spanish/NA mixed born in new world
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creoles
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born in new world from spanish parents
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What system developed from the encomienda system?
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plantation system
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what technique was used to clear land for plantations?
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"slash and burn"
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What was the most repressive empire in WH?
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Spanish in the New World
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Which nation was the first to "discover" in the Age of DIsccovery?
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Portugal
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How was the "age of discovery " funded?
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Government funded
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Henry the Navigator
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leader of Portugal
first funder of trips |
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age of exploration goal:
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get to India for spices
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Bartolomew Dias
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sailed to Cape of Good Hope - tip of Africa
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VAsco de GAma
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first European to find water route to India. Established Goa and Calicut.
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What were Goa and CAlicut?
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inportant trading posts est. by Vasco de Gama
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Pedro Cabral
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followed Columbus to New WOrld, found Brazil and settled
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What was the conflict between spain and portugal during the age of discoverY?
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both sailing west, settling in South America.
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Who orchestrated the Treaty of TOrdesillas?
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Pope ALexander VI
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Treaty of Tordesillas?
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SPain can colonize west. Portugal gets east.
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Magellan
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portugese sailer, commissioned by Spain to go around the world
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what nationality was Magellan?
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Port
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Who commissioned Magellan to circumnavigate the world?
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SPain
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Cortes
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spanish conquistador who conquered teh Aztecs
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Aztecs: when?
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14th-16th cent
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capitcal of Aztecs?
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Tenochtitlan
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Pizarro
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spanish conquistador, conquered Incas
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Incas lived along what geographical feature?
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ANdes Mountains
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which civ lived along the Andes mountaines?
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Incas
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Macchu Picchu
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capital of Incas
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capital of Incas?
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macchu picchu
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key livestock of Incas?
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llamas and vicunas
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Under the Umayyads, who could gain political power?
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Arab speaking Muslims
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What is the central language of Islam?
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Arabic
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Who was Osman?
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started Ottoman EMpire
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WHo started teh Ottoman Empire?
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OSman
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sultan
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a leader (both religious and political) in the Ottoman EMpire
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Topkapi Palace
where? what empire? |
Istanbul, Ottoman.
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Who was the leader of the Aztecs when they were conquered?
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Mochtezuma
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Mochetezuma
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leader of aaztecs, led to fall of aztecs by spanish
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Lima
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major port city in New Spain
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cimarron
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communities formed by runaway slaves in teh Caribbeans
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Asante State
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a big part of slave trade. present day Ghana. Capital: Kumasi.
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hadith
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record of Muhammeds actions and sayings
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