Ap World History Unit 3 Chapters 13-17

Front 1

Caesaropapism

Back 1

the emperor not only ruled as a secular lord but also played an active and prominent role in ecclesiastical affairs.

Front 2

Justinian

Back 2

Macedonian Byzantine Emperor

Front 3

Hagia Sophia

Back 3

Dome headed church erected by Justinian of the Byzantine Empire. One of the world's most important examples of Christian Architecture.

Front 4

Justinian's Code

Back 4

Upon taking the throne, he issued a systematic review of Roman Law and later issued the "Body of Civil Law."

Front 5

Liudprand

Back 5

Ambassador of Cremona of Western Europe who was sent by Otto on a diplomatic mission to Constantinople. Liuprand described the Byzantine emperor as a horribly disfigured man.

Front 6

Iconoclasm

Back 6

Policy implemented by Emperor Leo III which literally means, "the breaking of icons" by destroying icons and other religious figures

Front 7

St. Simeon Stylite

Back 7

first and most famous of the "pillar saints," people who would sit atop pillars at years at a time to reach asceticism.

Front 8

Asceticism

Back 8

Sever self-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons

Front 9

Monasticism

Back 9

Religious way of life in which one renounces world pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work

Front 10

Schism in Christianity

Back 10

Byzantine Patriarchs and Roman Popes disputed over whether Byzantine or the Rome would be the head leader of all Christiandom. Tension rose and eventually they split, the Byzantine Christian building now called the 'eastern orthodox church,' and Roman Christian building called the 'Roman Catholic Church.'

Front 11

The Hijra

Back 11

Muhammad's move from Mecca to Medina

Front 12

The Umma

Back 12

Community of a small but growing society Muhammad found in Medina that needed spiritual affairs. Muhammad organized them and named them the Umma which means, "community of the faithful."

Front 13

The "Seal of the Prophets"

Back 13

the final prophet through which Allah would reveal his message to humankind (Muhammad)

Front 14

Jihad

Back 14

Some, but not all, Muslims have taken the 'Jihad' as an additional obligation. Literally mean, the struggle. Imperatives understood in various ways. Can mean struggle of good vs. evil. Can mean struggle against ignorance and disbelief by spreading the word of Islam and seeking converts to the faith.

Front 15

Al-Andulas

Back 15

Prosperity of Islamic Spain

Front 16

Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty

Back 16

World's largest waterworks project before modern times. Made to facilitate trade from Northern to Southern China since all chinese natural rives flowed east to west. Made so that rice and other food crops from the Yangzi River Valley were available to those in Northern China.Reached from Hangzhou of southern China to a terminus near modern Beijing in the north.

Front 17

Taizong of the Tang Dynasty

Back 17

Second Emperor of the Tang Dynasty. Built a capital at Chang'an. Confucian ruler. Levied taxes on peasants (2.5% tax rate) and ended banditry during his reign.

Front 18

Transportation and Communication of the Tang Dynasty

Back 18

Rulers maintained an extensive communixations network based on roads, horses, and sometimes human runners. Established inns, postal stations, and stables along main roads. Using couriers traveling by horse, Tang court could communicate with the most distant cities in the empire in about 8 days.

Front 19

Equal-Field system of the Tang Dynasty

Back 19

the Equal-Field system governed the allocation of agricultural land to ensure equal distribution of land to avoid the concentration of landed property that had caused social problems during the Han Dynasty.

Front 20

Weaknesses of the Song Dynasty

Back 20

Financial: bureaucracy devoured surplus production as the number of bureaucrats and the size of their rewards grew. Taxes were impossed to try and help, but aggravated the peasants who mounted 2 major rebellions

Military: Scholar bureaucrats usually had little military education and little talent for military affairs, yet they led the Song armies in the field and made military decisions.

Front 21

Chan Buddhism

Back 21

Buddhism with Chinese characteristics. Chan known as "Zen" in Japan. Little interest in written text but, instead, emphasized intuition and sudden flashes of insight in their search for spiritual enlightenment.