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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the stages of the cell cycle? What is Interphase? |
Interphase (cell growth, preparation for mitosis), Mitosis, Cytokinesis |
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Why is the cell cycle important? |
Ensures the accurate division of cells that carry the exact genetic information as the parent cell; maintains cell size for efficient functioning |
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What kinds of cells go through this process? |
Somatic (body cells) |
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Label the stages of mitosis. Describe what happens at each stage of this process. |
1. Prophase: chromatin condenses into chromatid; nuclear membrane breaks down 2. Metaphase: chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell 3. Anaphase: chromosomes split into individual sister chromatids 4. Telophase: chromosomes return to chromatin |
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What are the end results of this process? How many chromosomes do cells have? Are they exact copies of the original cell? |
2 identical diploid daughter cells (in humans, cell will have 46 chromosomes) |
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Stop of Mitosis. Start of Meiosis. |
Stop of Mitosis. Start of Meiosis. |
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What kinds of cells go through meiosis? |
Gametes (sex cells) |
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What are the end results of this process? How many chromosomes do the cells have? Are they exact copies of the original cell? |
4 genetically different haploid daughter cells |
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How are mitosis and meiosis different? Create a Venn diagram or chart. |
Mitosis - 2 daughter cells - Somatic cells - Genetically identical - Diploid - 1 cycle of division
Meiosis - 4 daughter cells - Gametes cells - Genetically different - Haploid - 2 cycles of division |
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Homologous chromosomes |
pair of chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and the traits they code for (1 from mom and 1 from dad) - homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis |
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Diploid |
contains 2 sets of chromosomes (2n); the daughter cells produced after mitosis are diploid |
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Haploid |
contain 1 set of chromosomes (n): the 4 daughter cells produced after meiosis are haploid |
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Cancer |
abnormal mitosis |
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Who is Mendel and what did he do? |
"Father of Genetics" - worked with pea pods to discover the rules of inheritance Mendelian Theory of Inheritance |
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Why are chromosomes important? What are homologous chromosomes? |
Chromosomes carry genes that code for proteins (traits). Homologous chromosomes are the pair of chromosomes that are similar in shape and size and code for similar traits (1 chromosome for mom, 1 chromosome from dad). |
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What is the difference between a homozygous and heterozygous genotype? |
Homozygous: carry 2 identical alleles (BB, bb) Heterozygous: carry 2 different alleles (Bb) |
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What is the difference between a dominant and a recessive gene? |
Dominant: upper-case letter; trait is fully expressed when present (B) Recessive: lower-case letter: trait is expressed only when recessive allele is present (b)hW |
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What are the sex chromosomes for a male and a female? |
Sex chromosomes: determine gender of organisms Females: XX Males: XY |
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How are sex-linked traits different from regular/complete dominance? |
Sex-linked traits carry genes on the sex chromosomes and are mostly present in males (due to having only 1 X chromosome). Regular/complete dominance carry genes on autosomes. |
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What is a karyotype? What can be learned from looking at one? |
Karyotype shows all the chromosomes inside a cell. You can learn what types of chromosomal or genetic disorders a person has (ex. Trisomy). |
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Why can't a male be a carrier for a sex-linked trait? |
A male cannot be a carrier for a sex-linked trait because a male only has 1 X chromosome. He will either carry 1 dominant or 1 recessive allele on the X chromosome. |
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For each problem: 1. Draw the Punnett Square. 2. RIght out the genotypic and phenotypic ratios. |
A. Dimples are dominant. What is the result of a cross between a heterozygous mom and homozygous recessive dad? |
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A Widows peak is a dominant trait. What is the result of a cross between a homozygous dominant dad and a mom that doesn't have a widow's peak? |
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Brown hair is dominant over blond hair. Can two parents with brown hair have a blond haired child? Use a punnett square to prove your answer. |
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Colorblindness is a recessive sex-linked trait. What would be the result of a mom who is a carrier with a dad who is colorblind? |
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What does each shape symbolize? |
Square: Male Circle: Female |
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What does it mean when a shape is colored in? |
Shows trait
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How many children did this couple have? What can you tell about the children? |
4 children; 1 male has trait |
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Label the genotypes in the pedigree above. |
Dad: bb; Mom: Bb Son #1: Bb, Daughters: bb, Son #2: bb |
