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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Parasympathetic |
Prepares the body for rest and allows recovery. |
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Cerebral Cortex |
Receives sensory information and coordinates voluntary movements and decision in light of experience. |
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Limbic System |
Region within the brain that supports long-term memory, emotion, behaviour and motivation. |
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Corpus Callosum |
The bridge of tissue deep within the brain that connects the two hemispheres of the brain. This is where info is passed between both sides of the brain. |
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What are the three areas of perception? |
-Segregation of objects -Perception of distance -Recognition of different objects |
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Perceptual Constancy |
Capacity to appreciate the unchanging dimensions of an object as it moves. (visual stimuli organised into a coherent pattern) |
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Name the visual cues? |
-relative size -superimposition -relative height |
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Binocular disparity |
Difference between the distance from an image to one eye and the other. |
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What do memories include? |
-past experiences -knowledge -thoughts |
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Memories have the capacity to.... |
-store information -retain information -retrieve information |
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What is Level 1 of memory? |
Sensory Memory |
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Info can be discarded or transferred..... To??? And From??? |
To: LTM From: STM |
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How many items can the STM hold at once? |
7 |
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How long can items stay in the STM for? |
30s |
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How is info lost from the STM? |
-Displacement -Decay |
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What is Displacement? |
The pushing out of old info by new info. |
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What is Decay? |
The breakdown of the memory of the 'memory trace'. |
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What is rehearsal? |
Used to maintain items within the STM for longer periods of time. (Repetition) |
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Allows us to make info easier to transfer and store by building a bigger story- What is this?? |
Elaboration of Meaning |
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Chunking? |
The term given to the organisation of many pieces of information into smaller chunks of info. |
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Is this shallow or elaborative coding? |
Linking with previous memories. |
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Episodic Memory? |
The recall of personal facts, experience and events. |
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Semantic Memory |
The recall of general knowledge, non-personal facts and concepts. |
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Where are semantic and episodic memories stored? |
Cerebral Cortex |
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What is procedural Memory? |
Remembering how to perform particular skills, such as motor skills and mental skills. Stored in the motor region of the Cerebral Cortex. |
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Emotional Memory |
Formed as a result of +VE and -VE associations with particular stimuli. Involve links between the Cerebral Cortex and limbic system. |
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Spatial Memory |
Holds a record of our environment and its special orientation. It is stored within the limbic system. |
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What type of Neuron is this? |
Sensory |
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What type of Neuron is this? |
Motor Neuron |
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What type of Neuron is this? |
Motor Neuron |
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Explain Myelination? |
Layer of fatty material that insulates the axons of neurons. This increases the speed of transmission of a nerve impulse. |
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Name some diseases that can damage the myelin sheath? |
-MS -Polio -Tay-Sachs |
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Has a short axon to carry impulse away from the cell body. |
Sensory Neuron |
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What do glial cells do? |
-Physically support the neurons -Produce the myelin sheath -Maintain a homeostatic environment -remove debris by phagocytosis |
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Neurotransmitters? |
A chemical messenger that relays messages from nerve to nerve in the NS. |
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Name two types of Neurotransmitters? |
-Acetylcholine -Norepinephrine |
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What is the Neuron after the synaptic cleft called? |
Postsynaptic neuron |
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Where are neurotransmitters stored? |
Vesicles |
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Name the two methods of removing a neurotransmitter? |
-Enzyme degradation -Re-uptake |
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What does excitatory signals cause? |
Increase in action, causing muscles to contract. |
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What does excitatory signals cause? |
Increase in action, causing muscles to contract. |
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An Inhibitory signal causes? |
A decrease in action which slows heart rate. |
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The three main neural pathways are? |
-converging -diverging -reverberating |
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What is a converging pathway? |
Brought together for a combined and concentrated effect at one Neuron. (Converge=brought together) |
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Allows for nerve impulses to be recycled and repeatedly stimulate the circuit... what is this? |
Reverberation |
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Allows for nerve impulses to be recycled and repeatedly stimulate the circuit... what is this? |
Reverberation |
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What are endorphins? |
Neurotransmitter like chemicals produced in the hypothalamus which act as natural painkillers. |
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Production of endorphins increase when...? |
-severe injury occurs -prolonged and continuous exercise -physical and emotional stress -food |
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Production of endorphins increase when...? |
-severe injury occurs -prolonged and continuous exercise -physical and emotional stress -food |
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What are Agonists? |
Chemicals that bind to and stimulate specific responses. They mimic the action of neurotransmitters. |
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What are Antagonists? |
Chemicals that bind to and block specific receptors by blocking the receptor sites normal action is prevented. |
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What does sensitisation lead to? |
Drug addiction |
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What does sensitisation lead to? |
Drug addiction |
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What does desensitisation bring about? |
Drug tolerance |
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What does sensitisation lead to? |
Drug addiction |
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What is Social Facilitation? |
The presence of others improves performance (especially in a competitive situation). |
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What is de-individualisation? |
When individuals in a group think and act differently from the way they would on their own (peer pressure). |
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What does a loss of personal identity lead to? |
Diminished restraints of behaviour. |
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What is internalisation? |
The changing of beliefs as a result of persuasion. (Media, Advertising, Government) |
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What is identification? |
The changing of beliefs to be like an admired influencing source. (Role Model) |
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What does desensitisation bring about? |
Drug tolerance |
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What is infant attachment? |
Result of successful bonding between baby and parent. |
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What is Infant Attachment? |
A result of successful bonding between baby and parent. |
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Forms of non-verbal communication? |
-sounds -body contact -facial expressions -posture |
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What is learning? |
A change in behaviour as a result of experience. |
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When you are rewarded for behaviour what happens? |
The behaviour is repeated. |
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3 behaviours that are involved in trial and error learning? |
-Reinforcement -Shaping -Extinction |
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What is generalisation? |
The ability to respond in the same way to many different but related stimuli. |
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What is discrimination? |
The ability to distinguish between related stimuli and give different but related responses. |
