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106 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Who was Democritus?
He was the first to discuss the atom.
Who was John Dalton?
He devised the first modern atomic theory.
What did John Dalton go by?
1) All matter is made of atoms (100%)
2) Atoms of different elements have different masses
(100%)
3) Compounds form when atoms join together (100%)
4) Atoms cannot be created or destroyed (50%)
What did Democritus go by?
"Everything is atoms and the void"
-invisible (100%)
-indestructible (50%)
-indivisible (50%)
Who was Sir J.J. Thomson and what did he do?
He discovered the electron, and devised a model of the atom. [Plum Pudding Model/Rasin Bun Model]
He discovered the electron, and devised a model of the atom. [Plum Pudding Model/Rasin Bun Model]
What did Sir Ernest Rutherford discover, and how?
He discovered the nucleus through the gold foil experiment.
He discovered the nucleus through the gold foil experiment.
What else did Sir Ernest Rutherford discover?
The nucleus contains protons, so technically he discovered that too.
What did Sir Ernest Rutherford devise, and who helped complete it?
He devised the Nuclear Atom, it was completed when Sir James Chadwick discover the neutron.
What is the mass of a proton?
1 amu.
Where is a proton located?
In the nucleus.
What is the mass of a neutron?
1 amu.
Where is a neutron located?
In the nucleus.
What is the mass of an electron?
1/2000 amu.
Where is the electron located?
In the 'cloud' of the atom. (orbital)
What does the number of protons equal?
The atomic number.
What does 'atomos' mean in Greek?
'Not knife'.
"A" meaning 'not' and "tomos" meaning 'knife'.
An atom cannot be cut.
Who was Niels Bohr?
He proposed the Orbital Theory.
What are some points of the Orbital Theory?
1) Electrons occupy "orbits" like planets around a sun or star
2)They are usually found close the nucleus "ground state"
3) When electrons absorb energy (heat or electricity) they jump to a higher orbit "excited state"
- they lose this energy by giving off a photon of light, the energy of which matches the energy difference between the 2 orbits
- the colour depends on the energy
What is the maximum electron population in the first orbit?
2 electrons.
What is the maximum electron population in the second orbit?
8 electrons.
What is the maximum electron population in the third orbit?
8 electrons (--->18e-)
What is the maximum electron population in the fourth orbit?
8 electrons (--->32e-)
Who studied and helped develop The Quantum Mechanical Model?
Warner Heisenberg
Erwin Schrodinger
Wolfgang Pauli
(among others)
The Aufbau Diagram!
2 electrons (maximum) in the first column. 6 electrons in the second column. 10 electrons in the third column. 14 electrons in the fourth column.
2 electrons (maximum) in the first column.
6 electrons in the second column.
10 electrons in the third column.
14 electrons in the fourth column.
The atomic number is equal to what?
The number of protons.
How do you find the mass number?
It's the number of neutrons + the number of protons.
Give three points on the QMM (that was developed by those three guys).
1) Bohr's orbits weren't circles around the nucleus- they were volumes 2) Each orbit has overlapping sublevels. We call them orbitals. 3) Each orbital can hold 2 electrons. This led to the need for more elaborate description of the arrangemen...
1) Bohr's orbits weren't circles around the nucleus- they were volumes
2) Each orbit has overlapping sublevels. We call them orbitals.
3) Each orbital can hold 2 electrons.

This led to the need for more elaborate description of the arrangement/location of the electrons.
What are the main points on Quantum Weirdness?
1) Electrons can jump from one orbital to another without crossing the space in between.
2) Electrons behave as both particles and energy waves.
"Wave particle duality"
What two elements are found in lightbulbs?
Tungsten and argon.
What is another element used in household lighting?
Neon!!
What liquid element is electrically conductive?
Mercury.
What colour is mercury?
Silver.
What element is used for the shiny metallic coating on car parts?
Chromium.
Name 2 gases that are lighter than air.
Helium and hydrogen.
Which element that is lighter than air flammable?
Hydrogen.
What are "tin" cans made of?
Iron.
What is "tin" foil made of?
Aluminum.
What are 3 magnetic metals?
Iron, nickel, and cobalt.
Provide a symbol that would BE ACCEPTABLE for chemists all over the world.
- must be unique
- 1st letter capitalized, printed
- 2nd letter lower-case, printed
What is the simplest form of matter?
Elements.
Elements _______ be decomposed. (Can/Cannot)
Cannot :)
What are elements made out of?
Atoms.
What are elements identified by?
Symbols.
What do elements have to be approved by?
IUPAC (The governing body of chemisty)
What was the only element named after the person who found it?
31 Galium.
What is the assigned temporary name for 1 (based on the atomic number)?
Un.
What is the assigned temporary name for 2?
Bi!
What is the assigned temporary name for 3?
Tri :)
What is the assigned temporary name for 4?
Quad.
What is the assigned temporary name for 5?
Peut :)
What is the assigned temporary name for 6?
Hex.
What is the assigned temporary name for 7?
Sept.
What is the assigned temporary name for 8?
Oct.
What is the assigned temporary name for 9?
Enn.
What is the assigned temporary name for 0?
Nil.
What is the temporary name of an element with the atomic number 123? What is the symbol?
Unbitrinium. (Ubt)
What is the temporary name of an element with the atomic number 285? What would the symbol be?
Bioctpeutium. (Bop)
What did Dmitri Mendeleev devise?
He devised the 1st periodic table, based on the Periodic Law.
What is the Periodic Law?
When elements are arranged in order of increasing mass their properties reccur on a periodic basis.
What did Henry Moseley conceive?
He conceived the atomic number (number of protons; modern periodic table is arranged by atomic mass)
What did Fredrick Soddy discover?
He discovered isotopes.
What are isotopes?
They are atoms of the same element (same # of protons/atomic number) but different masses (different numbers of neutrons).
What is atomic mass?
Weighted average of all the isotopes of an element.
Mass # - Atomic # = ________
Neutrons :)
Atomic Mass Question :)
Atomic Mass Question
Note: Add, not divide.
Atomic notation. (Mass Number - Atomic Number = Neutrons)
Atomic notation.

(Mass Number - Atomic Number = Neutrons)
#YOLO
What is periodicity?
The recurrence of properties in the groups (columns) of the periodic table. This is due to each element in the column having the same number of valence electrons.
The variation in properties within a group (such as trends in the reactivity of elements in the Alkali Metals or Halogens) is the result of differences in...
Atomic radius and ionic radius.
What is Atomic Radius?
The radius of the atom.
What is Ionic Radius?
The radius of the ion.
What are alletropes?
They are different forms of an element.
What is an example of alletropes?
Carbon
- charcoal
- graphite
- diamond
- buckeye balls
- carbon fibre
- buckeye tubes
Where are metals on the periodic table?
Left side.
Where are non metals on the periodic table?
Right side.
Where are the metalloids on the periodic table?
In between :)
Are metals malleable?
Yes!
Are non metals malleable?
No.
Are metalloids malleable?
Maybe.
Are metals ductile?
Yes!
Are non metals ductile?
No!
Are metalloids ductile?
Maybe.
Are metals conductive?
Yes!
Are non metals conductive?
No.
Are metalloids conductive?
Maybe.
Do metals have lustre?
Yes!
Do non metals have lustre?
No.
Do metalloids have lustre?
Maybe.
How do metals form ions?
Loose electrons to form positive ions.
How do non metals form ions?
Gain electrons to from negative ions.
How do metalloids form ions?
Either gain or lose electrons.
(Maybe)
What are some points on Halogens?
- they have 7 valence electrons
- if you move down the Halogens from Fluorine to Astatine, the melting point/boiling point increases
- not found in nature (too reactive)
- toxic
- low boiling point
How many valence electrons does Hydrogen have?
1 valence electron.
What are some points on Alkali Metals?
- they have one valence electron
- they are the most reactive metals
- never found in their pure forms because they are so reactive
- found in compounds
- low melting points
- solid at room temperature
- conductive
When you go down a column in the periodic table, the atomic radius gets BIGGER. Why?
More orbitals.
As you go to the right of the table, the atomic radius's get smaller. Why?
Because the more protons you have, the more attracted the electrons are going to be to the nucleus. So the atom is going to be smaller.
When a metal ion gains electrons, it's ionic radius gets _________. (bigger/smaller)
Bigger.
When a non metal loses electrons, it's ionic radius gets ________. (bigger/smaller)
Smaller.
Who is associated with periodicity?
Dmitri Mendeleev!
Who are the three men who helped develop the Quantum Mechanical Model?
Warner Heisenburg, Erwin Schrodinger, and Wolfgang Pauli. (Among others)
What are some points on Noble Gases?
- very non-reactive
- very low boiling points
- very light density
- generally non-reactive
Who was the UBC chemist that produced the first noble gas compound?
Neil Bartlett.
What are some points on Alkaline Earth Metals?
- 2 valence electrons
- very reactive
- good conductivity
What are some points on the 'family of one'?
- having only 1 electron, it can either give or take an electron and can make either - or + ions
- it's very reactive
- very rarely found in it's natural state
- low density
What did Sir William Crookes invent?
The gas discharge tube.
Who did Sir William Crookes' invention help? How?
Sir J.J. Thomson. (He discovered the electron and devised a rasin bun model/plum pudding model of the atom)
What did Sir James Chadwick discover?
He discovered the neutron.