Unit 2A The Cell Test

Front 1

Tissues

Back 1

all same type of cell

Front 2

Cell theory

Back 2

Are the basic unit of structure and function of living things and all cells come from pre-existing cells

Front 3

What are the exceptions to the cell theory?

Back 3

The first cell, viruses, and chloroplast and mitochondria

Front 4

Prokaryotes

Back 4

Simple-no true nucleus or membround bound organelle-bacteria

Front 5

eukaryotes

Back 5

complex-true nucleus and membrane bound organelle- it is us

Front 6

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Back 6

discovered unicellular organisms in pond water

Front 7

Robert Hooke

Back 7

examined tree bark and discovered cell wall- branded the word cell

Front 8

Robert Brown

Back 8

discovered the cell nucleus

Front 9

Matthias Schleiden

Back 9

Studied plants and determined all plants have cells

Front 10

Theodor Schwann

Back 10

studied animals and determined all animals have cells

Front 11

Rudolph Virchow

Back 11

concluded all cells come from pre-existing cells

Front 12

compound light microscope

Back 12

major tool for cell study

Front 13

electron microscope

Back 13

most powerful microscope- study organelles

Front 14

dissecting microscope

Back 14

for use during dissections

Front 15

ultracentifuge

Back 15

separates cell parts according to their densities

Front 16

microdissection instruments

Back 16

removal, addition, or transfer of individual cell organelles

Front 17

what stains are used to study cells more in detail

Back 17

lugols iodine and methylene blue

Front 18

cell membrane

Back 18

outer membrane- regulates transport of materials into and out of cell- semi-permeable

Front 19

cytoplasm

Back 19

fluid-like environment between nucleus and plasma membrane

Front 20

nucleus

Back 20

center of cell- has genetic information and is the control center

Front 21

nucleolus

Back 21

in nucleus- helps make ribosomes

Front 22

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 22

series of membranes associated with storage, synthesis, and transport of substances within the cell

Front 23

Ribosomes

Back 23

sites of protein synthesis- often attached to ER

Front 24

mitochondria

Back 24

power houses of cell- cellular respiration and production of ATP

Front 25

golgi complex

Back 25

membrane bound sacs that synthesize, package, and secrete cellular products

Front 26

lysosomes

Back 26

have digestive enzymes which breakdown materials

Front 27

vacuole

Back 27

a space in a cell surrounded by membrane

Front 28

centriole

Back 28

found in cytoplasm- in animal cells

Front 29

Chloroplast

Back 29

found in plant and algae cells- pigment containing structures which are site for photosynthesis

Front 30

cell wall

Back 30

made of cellulose- surrounds, protects, and supports a plant cell

Front 31

plant cells-

Back 31

have cell wall-large vacuoles- chloroplasts

Front 32

plant cells-

Back 32

have cell wall-large vacuoles- chloroplasts

Front 33

plant cells-

Back 33

have cell wall-large vacuoles- chloroplasts

Front 34

animal cells-

Back 34

have centrioles

Front 35

what are the objective leness

Back 35

theyre the closest to the specimen

Front 36

low power lense:

Back 36

shorter lens, less magnification

Front 37

high power lens

Back 37

longer lens, more magnification

Front 38

what power is the ocular lens or eyepiece

Back 38

10k

Front 39

what does the light do in the microscope

Back 39

it produces the image

Front 40

function of tube

Back 40

holds the lenses

Front 41

nosepiece

Back 41

rotates the objective lenses

Front 42

stage

Back 42

platform on which the specimen is mounted

Front 43

clips

Back 43

hold the slide into position

Front 44

diaphragm

Back 44

controls amount of light passing through the specimen

Front 45

light source

Back 45

mirror or electric light

Front 46

arm

Back 46

holds the tube and the stage

Front 47

base

Back 47

supports the microscope

Front 48

coarse adjustment

Back 48

focusing under low power- dont use under high power

Front 49

fine adjustment

Back 49

focusing under high power

Front 50

magnification equation

Back 50

power of objective * power of ocular

Front 51

resoulution

Back 51

the ability of a microscope to show two points that are close together as separate images

Front 52

inversion

Back 52

the image that the microscope produces is inverted

Front 53

metric unit used with microscope

Back 53

microns or micrometers

Front 54

how many milimeters are in a micrometer

Back 54

1 mm- 1000 micrometers

Front 55

transport

Back 55

includes the passage of materials into the cells (absorption) and the distribution within the cells and throughout the organisms (circulation)

Front 56

structure of the cell membrance

Back 56

made up of lipids and proteins- two layers

Front 57

the three factors that determine whether or not a material will pass through the cell membrane

Back 57

size, shape, and chemical properties

Front 58

functin of cell membrane

Back 58

to selectively regulate hte passage of materials in and out of the cell- aids in keeping homeostatis

Front 59

diffusion

Back 59

movement of material from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration

Front 60

osmosis

Back 60

diffusion of water molecules across a cell membrane

Front 61

facilitated diffusion

Back 61

diffusion through a cell membrane protein channel

Front 62

concentration gradient

Back 62

the difference in the concentration of a material across a cell membrane

Front 63

dynamic equilibrium

Back 63

moving state of balance

Front 64

active transport

Back 64

requires energy from cell- can happen in either high to low concentratin or vice versa- transport is assisted by carrier proteins (pumps)

Front 65

phagocytosis

Back 65

when a cell engulfs large undissolved particles and encloses them in a vacuole (requires energy)

Front 66

pinocytosis

Back 66

when a cell engulfs large dissolved particles and lipids( requires energy)

Front 67

endocytosis

Back 67

taking in

Front 68

exocytosis

Back 68

taking out