Unit 2 Vocab P8

Front 1

Prokaryotes

Back 1

lack a nucleus

Hint 1

Front 2

Eukaryotes

Back 2

Has a nucleus

Hint 2

Front 3

Cell theory

Back 3

they are the basic structural organizational unit of all organisms

Hint 3

Front 4

Cell wall

Back 4

the cell that Rigids nonliving permeable wall that surrounds the plasma membrane

Hint 4

Front 5

Cell membrane/plasma membrane

Back 5

separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.

Hint 5

Front 6

Cytoplasm

Back 6

the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.

Hint 6

Front 7

Plasmid

Back 7

small circular DNA molecule found in bacteria and some other microscopic organisms.

Hint 7

Front 8

Ribosomes

Back 8

an intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell

Hint 8

Front 9

Nucleus

Back 9

controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary information

Hint 9

Front 10

Nucleus envelopes

Back 10

separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm and provides the structural framework of the nucleus.

Hint 10

Front 11

Nucleolus

Back 11

composed of RNA and proteins, which form around specific chromosomal regions.

Hint 11

Front 12

Chromosomes

Back 12

structures found in the center (nucleus) of cells that carry long pieces of DNA.

Hint 12

Front 13

Chromatin

Back 13

a complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Hint 13

Front 14

Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 14

to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function.

Hint 14

Front 15

Microtubutes

Back 15

they provide the rigid, organized components of the cytoskeleton that give shape to many cells.

Hint 15

Front 16

Microfilaments

Back 16

generate the forces used in cellular contraction and basic cell movements

Hint 16

Front 17

Vacuoles

Back 17

help sequester waste products

Hint 17

Front 18

Mitochondria

Back 18

which generates ATP by utilizing the energy released during the oxidation of the food we eat.

Hint 18

Front 19

Golgi apparatus

Back 19

central intracellular membrane-bound organelle with key functions in trafficking, processing, and sorting of newly synthesized membrane and secretory proteins and lipids.

Hint 19

Front 20

Chloroplasts

Back 20

plant cell organelles that convert light energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the photosynthetic process

Hint 20

Front 21

Lysosomes

Back 21

membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes.

Hint 21

Front 22

Cilia

Back 22

movement of the cell itself, or of other substances and objects past the cell

Hint 22

Front 23

Flagella

Back 23

a motility organelle that enables movement and chemotaxis.

Hint 23

Front 24

Hypotonic

Back 24

has a lower concentration

Hint 24

Front 25

Hypertonic

Back 25

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration than most solitons

Hint 25

Front 26

Isotonic solution

Back 26

Has an equal concentration

Hint 26

Front 27

Osmosis

Back 27

movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules, through a cell's partially permeable membrane.

Hint 27

Front 28

Diffusion

Back 28

the process of movement of molecules under a concentration gradient.

Hint 28

Front 29

Facilitated diffusion

Back 29

the passive movement of molecules along the concentration gradient.

Hint 29

Front 30

Semi-permeable

Back 30

thin biological sheets of material that allow certain molecules to pass through them more easily than others

Hint 30

Front 31

Active transport

Back 31

the process of transferring substances into, out of, and between cells, using energy

Hint 31

Front 32

Passive transport

Back 32

does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes.

Hint 32