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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What makes a homologous series? |
Can be defined by a general formula Similar Chemical properties Slight change in Physical properties. |
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What is an Alkane? |
Single bonded hydrocarbon |
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What is an Alkene? |
A hydrocarbon that contains a double bond. |
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What is a Cycloalkane? |
A ring shaped hydrocarbon |
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Combustion Reaction |
All hydrocarbons burn in air producing carbon dioxide and water |
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Addition Reaction |
Alkenes are unsaturated and so the double bond can break allowing another atom to join. |
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What is the test for unsaturated molecules. |
testing with bromide solution which will join to the unsaturated molecules changing the solution from orange/red to colourless. |
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What defines alcohols? |
A hydrocarbon with the hydroxyl group, -OH named by using the alkane name + "ol" For chains of 3 or more a number is used to indicate the position of the hydroxyl group. e.g Hexan-1-ol. |
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What are Carboxylic acids? |
Hydrocarbons containing a carboxyl group, =O -C -O-H This is always at the end of the molecule. It is written as COOH in the molecular formula. Named by finding the alkane chain and adding "oic acid to it" |
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How are esters formed? |
Alcohol + Carboxylic acid ---> Ester + Water This condensation reaction is a.k.a esterification. |
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What are some of the properties of esters? |
Generally sweet smelling Insoluble in water Floats on water - less dense Low melting and boiling points |
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How do you name an ester? |
alcohol name is shortened to prefix + yl, carboxylic acid name is changed to "ate" ending. Example Ethanoic acid + Butanol -----> Butyl Ethanoate |
