Unit 2 Chapter 1 Biology Vocab

Front 1

zygote

Back 1

The cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it undergoes cleavage.

Front 2

mitosis

Back 2

The usual method of cell division, characterized typically by the resolving of the chromatin of the nucleus into a threadlike form, which condenses into chromosomes, each of which separates longitudinally into two parts, one part of each chromosome being retained into each of two new cells resulting from the original cell.

Front 3

meiosis

Back 3

Part of the process of gamete formation, consisting of chromosome conjunction and two cell divisions, in the course of which the diploid chromosome number becomes reduced to the haploid.

Front 4

cancer

Back 4

A malignant and invasive growth or tumor, especially one originating in epithelium, tending to recur after excision and to metastasize to other sites.

Front 5

tumor

Back 5

An uncontrolled, abnormal, circumscribed growth of cells in any animal or plant tissue; neoplasm.

Front 6

diploid

Back 6

Having two similar complements of chromosomes.

Front 7

haploid

Back 7

Pertaining to a single set of chromosomes.

Front 8

crossing-over

Back 8

The interchange of corresponding chromatid segments of homologous chromosomes with their linked genes.

Front 9

tetrad

Back 9

A group of four chromatids formed by synapsis at the beginning of meiosis.

Front 10

homologous chromosome

Back 10

One pair of chromosomes that match up at meiosis and are identical in morphology and arrangement; a chromosome with the same gene sequence as another, each derived from one parent.

Front 11

Law of Segregation

Back 11

The principle, originated by Gregor Mendel, stating that during the production of gametes the two copies of each heredity factor segregate so that the offspring acquire one factor from each parent.

Front 12

Law of Independent Assortment

Back 12

the principle, originated by Gregor Mendel, stating that when two or more characteristics are inherited, individual heredity factors assort independently during gamete production, giving different traits an equal opportunity of occurring together.

Front 13

mutation

Back 13

A sudden departure from the parent type in one or more heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome.

Front 14

alleles

Back 14

Any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation, that are responsible for heredity variation.

Front 15

frameshift mutation

Back 15

A mutation caused by frameshift.

Front 16

carrier

Back 16

a person or other organism that has inherited a recessive allele for a genetic trait or mutation but does not display that trait or show symptoms of the disease.