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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA |
Master Instructions for cell All cells in body have same DNA |
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Nucleus |
Controls everything |
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Chromatin |
Contains DNA and proteins
Within each strand is one molecule of DNA
DNA exists in the form of chromatin |
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Chromosomes |
46 chromosomes in 23 pairs Last pair determines gender XX=women XY=man |
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DNA structure |
Forms double helix Sides =phosphate and sugar
A+T G+C A=adenine T=thymine G=guanine C=cytosine
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Genes |
Located on chromosomes
Codes for particular traits/ Contins information to produce a protein |
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Proteins |
Determines what type of body cell a "blank" cell will become |
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Enzymes |
Speed up chemical reactions |
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Hormones |
Tells other organs in ur body what to do |
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Interphase |
Carry out functions necessary for survival chromosomes are duplicated |
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Mitosis |
The nucleus divides into two |
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Cytokinesis |
Rest of cells divides organelles and cytoplasm equally divide |
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Prophase |
Replicated chromosomes coil up into xshaped chromosomes
Nucleus membrane will begin to break down
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Late Prophase |
Spindle fibers complete forming and chromosomes attach to them |
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Metaphase |
Spindle fibers pull chromosomes into straight line across equator |
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Metaphase |
Sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell and seperate |
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Telophase |
Final stage of mitosis Complete set of chromosomes at each side and ready to divide |
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Cancer |
Results from uncontrolled cell division
Cause =gene mutations in checkpoint proteins and cannot divide properly |
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Asexual reproducton |
Only one parent required Offspring contain identical genetic information |
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Advantages of asexual reproduction |
Many offspring reproduced quickly |
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Disadvantages of asexual reproductipn |
Negative mutations can destroy colonies Competing for food and water |
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Embryonic stem cells |
Can become any one of 200 body cells |
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Meiosis |
Production of gametes |
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Gametes |
Male gamete=sperm cell Female gamete=egg cell |
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Haploid |
Each set of inherited chromosomes |
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Diploid |
Number of chromosomes |
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Meiosis 1 |
Matching chromosomes move to opposite side of cellResult is two daughter cells |
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Meiosis 2 |
Chemical messages trigger cells to start cell division |
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Human karyotype |
Picture of chromosomes |
