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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Empirical Formula |
Smallest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound |
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Molecular formula |
The exact number of each element in a compound |
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Structural formula |
The exact number and arrangement of each element in a compound |
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Mass spectrometer |
Method for comparing the masses of atoms; atoms are ionized and the more massive ions are not deflected as much; ions separate with a magnetic field |
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Hydrate |
A molecule with waters attached to it |
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Anhydrous |
A molecule from which all the water has been removed |
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How a mass spectrometer works |
A sample passes through an electron beam that ionizes the sample. The ions then pass through a magnetic field. The more massive ion are less affected by the field, so the ions separate by size. |
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Mass-Mass flow chart |
Grams -> moles -> mole ratio (what you want over what you have) -> grams |
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Find empirical formula |
Find the moles of constituent elements and divide by the smallest number; make small whole numbers |
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Finding molecular formula |
Find the empirical formula and compare the molar mass; if the molar mass is larger, multiply empirical by a small whole number |
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Average Atomic Mass |
The sum of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an atom times the percent of abundance |
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Mole |
The number equal to the number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 g of pure carbon-12; Avogadro's number of particles |
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Avogadro's number |
6.022 x 10^23 |
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Molar Mass/Formula Mass |
The mass in grams of one mile of the compound |
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Combustion |
A reaction with oxygen as a product; when organic molecules undergo combustion, water and carbon dioxide are usually the products |
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Limiting Reactant |
The reactant that runs out first and thus limits the amount of products that can form in a reaction |
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Percent Yield |
The actual yield divided by the theoretical yield time 100% |
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Actual Yield |
The amount of product formed in a reaction in the lab |
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Theoretical Yield |
The amount of product predicted to be produced by stoichiometry |
