Modules 1-3 (Unit 1)

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

The study of the structure of the human body

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

The study of the function of the human body

Front 3

Metabolism

Back 3

All the chemical reactions that occur in the body

Front 4

Organ system

Back 4

A group of interrelated organs that work together to perform a function

Front 5

Skeletal system

Back 5

Main functions: support, movement, red blood cell production and mineral salt storage; composed of Bones, ligaments, cartilage, bones and joints

Front 6

Muscular system

Back 6

Main functions: support Kama movement, and the generation of body heat; composed of skeletal muscles, connective tissues and tendons

Front 7

Nervous system

Back 7

Main functions: regulation and coordination of bodily activities, response to external and internal stimuli, responsible for behavior and consciousness; composed of neurons, neuroglia, brain, spinal cord and nerves

Front 8

Endocrine system

Back 8

Main functions: a system of glands that release hormones that control bodily functions and activities; composed of the pituitary gland, the hypothalamus, the thyroid gland, the pineal gland, adrenal glands, the pancreas, kidney and other glands

Front 9

Cardiovascular system

Back 9

Main function: the heart pumps blood through the blood vessels, blood transports respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes and hormones throughout the body; composed of the heart and blood vessels

Front 10

Lymphatic system

Back 10

Main functions: closely connected to the cardiovascular system, transports lymph fluid from the tissues faces back into the blood, transports fat from the digestive system, contains immune system cells that kill pathogens found in tissue fluid; composed of lymph vessels and nodes, lymph organs such as the spleen and thymus gland

Front 11

Digestive system

Back 11

Main functions: take some food, breaks food into smaller components which are absorbed into the internal environment of the body via blood capillaries or special lymph vessels; composed of mouth, salivary glands, Fairbanks, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine and large intestine

Front 12

Respiratory system

Back 12

Main functions: inhalation and exhalation of air, exchange of respiratory gases between the blood and the air, voice production; composed of nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs

Front 13

Urinary system

Back 13

Main function: removal of wastes from the blood to be stored and then excreted outside the bloody is urine, balance of fluids and electrolytes, regulation of blood pressure and production of red blood cells; composed of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Front 14

Male reproductive system

Back 14

Main function: production and maintenance of male sex cells AKA sperm and the delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract; composed of testes, ductus differential, seminal vesicles, epididymis, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, urethra and penis

Front 15

Female reproductive system

Back 15

Main function: production and maintenance of female sex cells ( secondary oocytes, ova, and eggs), transportation of the immature egg with in the female reproductive system, provide location to receive the male sperm for the fertilization of the immature egg, support for the development of the embryo and fetus, coordination of Labor, delivery and lactation; composed of ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris and vulva

Front 16

Homeostasis

Back 16

Bodily maintenance of a stable internal environment

Front 17

Negative feedback loop

Back 17

A homeostatic response that facilitates the return towards the normal set point for a physiological condition. Negative feedback loops are responsible for most homeostatic feedback mechanisms in the body

Front 18

Positive feedback loop

Back 18

A homeostatic response that enhances the movement away from the normal set point for a physiological condition. Positive feedback loops are short-lived and are important in preventing loss of blood, facilitating the smooth muscle contractions of Labor and the milk let-down response of lactation

Front 19

Effectors

Back 19

Organs, muscles or glands that are directed by the control center to perform actions to either bring a controlled condition back to normal or to enhance what is happening to the controlled condition

Front 20

Receptors

Back 20

Pick up and relay information to the control center about a controlled condition

Front 21

Control center

Back 21

Detects the deviation from a certain setpoint for a physiologic condition and stimulates the effectors to take action (in most situations, the control center is the brain or spinal cord)

Front 22

Set point

Back 22

A specific value for a physiologic conditions such as blood pressure, body temperature, Etc

Front 23

Internal environment

Back 23

The environment inside the body consisting of the fluid surrounding all the cells of the body

Front 24

Intracellular fluid

Back 24

The fluid inside of the cells

Front 25

Extracellular fluid

Back 25

The fluid outside of the cells, including plasma, interstitial fluid, lymph, and transcellular fluid

Front 26

Plasma

Back 26

The fluid portion of the blood

Front 27

Interstitial fluid

Back 27

Fluid found in the tissue spaces

Front 28

Lymph fluid

Back 28

The fluid contained in the lymph

Front 29

Transcellular fluid

Back 29

An extracellular fluid that is separated from plasma and interstitial fluid by cellular barriers such as cerebral spinal fluid, synovial fluid, aqueous humor, etc.