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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Common Compound Ions |
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Giant ionic lattices |
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Ionic Compound Qualities |
Conductive when molten or dissolved High melting points (strong electrostatic attraction) Soluble in polar liquids ie Water |
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Covalent Bonding Types |
Single Double Triple Dative |
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Dative Notation |
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Simple Covalent Structures |
Lots of individual molecules (covalently bonded) & weak intermolecular |
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Giant Colavent Structures |
Macromolecular.
Huge network of covalently bonded atoms. |
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Covalent Example Carbon Structures |
Graphite (3 covalent, 1 delocalised electron) Diamond (4 covalent, tetrahedral shape - crystal lattice structure) |
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Charge Cloud: Define |
An area where bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons have a high likelihood of being. |
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Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory |
Lone pair charge clouds repel eachother more than bonding pairs so this affects atom shape |
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Molecular Shape: 2 Bonding Pairs |
Linear |
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Molecular Shape: 3 Bonding Pairs |
Trigonal Planar |
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Molecular Shapes: 4 Pairs (4 Bonding) |
Tetrahedral |
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Molecular Shapes: 4 Pairs (3 Bonding) |
Trigonal Pyramidal |
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Molecular Shapes: 4 Pairs (2 Bonding) |
Bent / Non Linear |
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Molecular Shapes: 5 Pairs (5 Bonding) |
Trigonal Bipyramidal |
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Molecular Shapes: 5 Pairs (4 Bonding) |
Seesaw |
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Molecular Shapes: 5 Pairs (3 Bonding) |
T-Shape |
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Molecular Shapes: 6 Pairs (6 Bonding) |
Octahedral |
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Molecular Shapes: 6 Pairs (5 Bonding) |
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Molecular Shapes: 6 Pairs (4 Bonding) |
Square Planar |
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Molecular Shapes: 6 Pairs (Commonalities) |
90° Angles OCTAHEDRAL SQUARE PYRAMIDAL SQUARE PLANAR |
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Molecular Shapes: 4 Pair Commonalities |
Difference of 2.5° |
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Molecular Shapes: 5 Pair Commonalities |
One straight 'spear' |
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Electronegativity: What Scale is this measured on? |
Pauling Scale |
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Define: Polar Molecules |
A molecule where charge is distributed unevenly across the entire molecule (due to differences in electronegativity). This causes a permanent dipole |
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Define: Van Der Waals Forces |
A type of intermolecular forces caused by charge clouds causing temporary dipoles which attract and cause temporary dipoles in neighbouring molecules |
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Define: Permanent Dipole Dipole |
Weak intermolecular forces between molecules which are polar |
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Hydrogen Bonding: Define |
Occur between hydrogen and Fluorine, Nitrogen or Oxygen atoms of other molecules. Responsible for the unusual solid density of water. |
