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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are macromolecules? |
Large molecules usually composed of repeating sub units |
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What is the term of repeating sub-units? |
Monomers |
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What is our most important energy source? |
Carbohydrates |
Can be simple or complex sugars |
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Name some examples of monosaccharides |
Glucose, fructose, deoxyribose |
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What is an isomer? |
Same chemical formula but a different structure |
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Name an example of an isomer |
Glucose and fructose both have the formula C6H12O6 but different structures |
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What is the digestible glucose? |
Alpha |
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A double sugar is called what? |
Disaccharides |
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How are disaccharides formed? |
Dehydration |
They bond producing water |
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What is another term for a dehydration reaction? |
Condensation |
Hot shower plus the bathroom mirror |
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What is the link in polymers called? |
Glycosidic linkage |
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What is the reverse of a dehydration reaction? |
Hydrolysis reaction |
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Whats happening to the hydrogen and hydroxide in a hydrolysis reaction? |
They are added to molecules to break them into monomers |
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Do lipids dissolve in water, why? |
No, they are non-polar |
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Fats, oils and steroids are examples of what? |
Lipids |
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(T/F) lipids are used for: long term storage, insulation, organ cushioning, important to cell membranes and are hormones that send messages through the body? |
True |
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Fat to energy formula: |
1g fat= 2.25 x energy as 1g carb |
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Fat molecules have a 3 branched structure called? |
Triglyceride |
3 fatty acids + glycerol |
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Triglyceride is formed by what type of reaction? |
Condensation/dehydration |
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Hydrogen and oxygen are what functional group? |
Hydroxyl functional group |
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(T/F) Glycerols structure doesnt change? |
True |
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Fatty acids have 2 structures, name then |
Saturated, unsaturated |
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Saturated are in what state at room temp? |
Solid |
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Unsaturated fats have what specific to them thanks to at least one double bond? |
Kinks |
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If two hydrogens are on the same side its known as... |
Cyst |
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If the hydrogens are on oppostie sides its known as... |
Trans |
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(T/F) by hydrogenating unsaturated fats we can make them solid at room temp? |
True |
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Whats the problem with adding hydrogen to unsaturated fats? (hydrogenated fats) |
Often become trans fat in the process |
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What is the key component of cell membranes? |
Phospholipids |
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What is a phospholipid made of? |
1 glycerol, 2 fatty acid chains (non poplar end), 1 phosphate group (polar end) |
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Steroids (sterols) are a what based 4 ring structure? |
Carbon |
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Name some examples of what hormones the steroids are used to make |
Estrogen, testosterone |
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(T/F) are waxes waterproof? Why? |
True, carbon is non polar so it repels the water |
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Name some examples of waxes |
Animal feathers, leaves |
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What is largely responsible for the structural and functional characteristics of living things |
Proteins |
Meat |
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What are the 7 categories proteins can be classified as? |
Structural, signal, recognition/receptor, motile, defensive, carrier, enzyme |
S.S.R.M.D.C.E. |
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What is a peptide? |
Chain of amino acid |
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Polypeptide consists of at least how many chains of amino acids? |
50+ |
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The type and final structure of the protein is determined by... |
The sequence and number of amino acids |
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How many different types of amino acids are there? |
20 |
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How many ESSENTIAL amino acids are there? |
8 |
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(T/F) amino acids have different basic structures |
False, they all have the same basic structure |
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An amino group consists of... |
Nitrogen and hyrdrogen |
Ammonia |
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A carboxylic acid group consists of... |
Carbon, oxygen, hyrdoxide |
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Triglycerides are polar or non polar? |
Non polar |
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Fatty acids have a special case when it comes to polarity because... |
One end is polar and the other is non polar |
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Blank + blank = sucrose |
Glucose, fructose |
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