Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Meniscofemoral ligaments
|
Posterior horn of lateral meniscus to PCL: Humphrey anterior, Wrisberg posterior
|
|
|
Posteromedial corner
|
Semimembranosus, POL, oblique popliteal ligament
|
|
|
Posterolateral corner
|
Biceps, IT band, popliteus, popliteofibular ligaments, arcuate ligament, fabellofibular ligament
|
|
|
Medial Structures of Knee
|
Layer I: Sartorius and fascia. II: superficial MCL, POL, semimembranosus. III: Deep MCL, capsule
|
|
|
Lateral Structures of Knee
|
Layer I: IT band, biceps, fascia. II: Patellar retinaculum, PF ligament. III: arcuate ligament, fabellofibular ligament, capusle, LCL
|
|
|
ACL Bundles
|
Anteromedial: tight flexion/ Posteromedial: tight extension
|
|
|
Fairbanks Changes
|
Squaring of condyle, peak eminences, ridging, joint space narrowing
|
|
|
Pelligrini-Stieda lesion
|
Avulsion of medial femoral condyle= chronic MCL injury
|
|
|
Segund sign
|
Avulsion off lateral tibia= ACL
|
|
|
Success of meniscal repair
|
60%. 90% with ACL recon. 30% in ACL deficient knee
|
|
|
Imaging discoid meniscus
|
XR: squaring lateral femoral condyle, cupping lateral tibial plateau, hypolastic lateral intercondylar spine. MRI: three sagittal images with lateral meniscus
|
|
|
Wrisberg variant discoid meniscus
|
Deficient peripheral attachment: treat with capsulomeniscal repair
|
|
|
Outerbridge classification
|
I: softening. II: fissures <50%. III: Crabmeat changes >50%. IV: Exposed bone
|
|
|
Intercondylar eminence avulsion
|
I: <3mm. II: elevation of anterior 1/3-1/2. III: entire fragment displaced. IV: comminuted. (OR for III-IV)
|
|
|
Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Syndrome
|
traction apophysitis inferior pole of patella
|
|
|
Hamstring strain:
|
Location: Musculotendinous junction. Mechanism: Sprinting. RTP: >90% strength return
|
|
|
Rectus femoris strain
|
Acute: distally. Chronic:proximal
|
|
|
Piriformis Syndrome
|
Sciatic nerve entrapment at level of ischial tuberosity
|
|
|
Coxa sultans
|
Externa: IT band over greater trochanter. Interna: Iliopsoas tendon
|
|
|
Saphenous nerve entrapment
|
Hunter's canal or proximal leg: Sx: pain inferior and medial to knee
|
|
|
SPN entrapment
|
12cm proximal to lateral malleolus where exits fascia
|
|
|
DPN entrapment
|
inferior extensor retinaculum => anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome
|
|
|
Tibial nerve entrapment
|
flexor retinaculum => tarsal tunnel syndrome.
|
|
|
Distal tibial nerve entrapment
|
1st branch of lateral plantar nerve between AbdHL and QP
|
|
|
Medial plantar nerve entrapment
|
At knot of Henry (crossover from FDL and FHL)
|
|
|
Normal compartment pressures
|
<15 @ rest. <30 @ 1 minute. <20 @ 5 minutes
|
|
|
Ottawa ankle rules
|
Bony tenderness. Inability to bear weight
|
|
|
Snowboarder's fracture
|
Lateral process of talus. <2mm fragment: SLC x6wks. Larger fragments: ORIF
|
|
|
Ankle A/S portals +risks
|
Anterolateral: SPN. Anteromedial: Saphenous vein. Posteromedial: posterior tibial a./ tibial nerve. Anterocentral: dorsalis pedis/DPN
|
|
|
Humeral neck anatomy
|
30deg retroversion. Articular surface 130deg to shaft
|
|
|
Rotator interval
|
medial: lateral coracoid. Inferior: Subscap. Lateral: transverse humeral ligament. Imbrication=> decreases inferior and posterior translation. Release =>inc FF and ER
|
|
|
SC joint to ST joint motion
|
2:1 GH: ST motion (90 deg arm elevation makes 45deg ST elevation)
|
|
|
SC stabilizers
|
Posterior capsule primary restraint
|
|
|
SGHL/ CHL
|
limit inferior translation when adducted. Limit posterior translation when FF/ADD/IR
|
|
|
MGHL
|
limits ER when adducted
|
|
|
IGHLC
|
primary restraint to AP/Post/Inf translation at 45-90 deg elevation
|
|
|
Grading shoulder instability
|
Grade 0: normal. 1: humeral head to glenoid rim. 2: over rim. 3: locks over glenoid rim
|
|
|
Putti-Platt procedure
|
Subscap advancement- decreases ER/DJD
|
|
|
Magnuson-Stack procedure
|
Subscap transfer to greater tuberosity: decreases ER
|
|
|
Boyd-Sisk procedure
|
Transfer biceps lateral/posterior: Non-anatomic
|
|
|
Bristow procedure
|
Transfer coracoid to inferior glenoid
|
|
|
Incidence of RTC tears
|
FT: 30% at 60yo and 60% at 70yo
|
|
|
Subscap tears findings
|
Increased ER, decreased liftoff. Fix if acute. Pec transfer if chronic
|
|
|
Subcoracoid impingement
|
Sx w/ FF and IR. Assoc with posterior capsular tightness. <7mm bet coracoid and humerus on CT= dx
|
|
|
SLAP grading
|
I: fraying. II: biceps anchor. III: bucket handle. IV: bucket extending into biceps. V: extends to anterior. VI: superior flap. VII: SLAP + capsule injury
|
|
|
Lat rupture
|
Pain/weakness with add/IR. Nonop tx unless high-demand athlete will allow full return to activities
|
|
|
AC separation grading
|
I: AC sprain. II: complete AC, intact CC. III: AC and CC IV: posterior. V: superior >100% displacement. VI: inferior
|
|
|
Adhesive capsulitis
|
RF: chest/breast surgery, immobilization, DM, thyroid disease. CHL and rotator interval are essential lesions. OR if unresolved at 12-16wks
|
|
|
Burners + RTP
|
1st time: Complete resolution. Multiple: RTP after normal C-spine XR.
|
|
|
Wright's Test
|
Extend, abduct, ER arm and rotate neck away--> thoracic outlet syndrome
|
|
|
Long thoracic nerve palsy
|
Medial scapular winging. Compression (backpack) or traction (weightlifters). Most resolve in 18mo. TL brace beneficial. Pec transfer for chronic palsy
|
|
|
Suprascapular nerve compression
|
Spinoglenoid cyst=> infraspinatus atrophy. Suprascapular notch => SS and IS
|
|
|
Quadrilateral space syndrome
|
Axillary nerve compression. Pain/paresthesia with overhead activity. Throwing athletes. Late cocking/acceleration worst. Arteriogram: compression of posterior humeral circumflex artery
|
|
|
Scapular winging
|
Medial: SA weakness. Lateral: Trapezius weakness. Rhomboid palsy: dorsal scapular nerve injury
|
|
|
Eden Lange procedure
|
lateral transfer of levator scapulae and rhomboids- for lateral winging
|
|
|
Lateral epicondylitis anatomic site
|
ECRL/ ECU origin
|
|
|
Tommy John procedure
|
UCL reconstruction with palmaris autograft- indicated for throwing athletes- allow for return to same level @ 1yr
|
|
|
Little leaguers elbow
|
stress fracture medial epicondyle
|
|
|
Pitcher's elbow
|
medial tension, lateral compression, posterior extension overload. RAD: posteromedial olecranon osteophytes, medial olecranon fossa chondromalacia.
|
|
|
Elbow A/S portals
|
Anterolateral: 1cm distal and anterior to lateral epicondyle: LACN. Anteromedial: 2cm distal and anterior to medial epicondyle: MACN/ median n. Posterolateral: 2cm prox to olecranon and lateral to triceps tendon
|
|
|
DeQuervain's tendons
|
APL/ EPB
|
|
|
Intersection syndrome
|
Crossover of APL/EPB and ECRL/ECRB compartments
|
|
|
Leddy classification
|
FDP avulsion. I: no bone- retract to palm. II: retract to PIPJ. III: large fragment- stuck at A4 pulley. Type I must be fixed within 1 week. Arthrodese if >3mo old for all
|
|
|
Sagittal band rupture
|
(boxer's knuckle) extension splinting for 4wks. Repair/reconstruct if chronic
|
|
|
Muscle types
|
I: slow twitch/aerobic. II: fast twitch/anaerobic. Fast contraction/relaxation. IIA- aerobic/anaerobic. IIB: anaerobic only.
|
|
|
Commotio cordis
|
cardiac contusion. Poor prognosis. Risk of sudden death
|
|
|
Fluid replacement
|
hypo-osmolar (<10%) increases absorption
|
|
|
Creatine
|
increases water retnetion in cells, increases risk of dehydration/cramps
|
|
|
side effects anabolic steroids
|
liver dysfxn, HLP, CM, testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, alopecia
|
|
|
HGH
|
similar side effects as steroids plus gigantism and HTN
|
|
|
IGF-1
|
similar results/side effects as HGH
|
|
|
Physiologic diff of female athletes
|
higher body fat, lower max O2 consumption/CO/Hgb/muscular mass. More PF pain/ACL tear/stress fx
|
|
|
Female athlete triad
|
amennorhea, stress fractures, eating disorders
|
|
|
Organ damage blunt sports trauma
|
Kidney- boxing. Spleen- football
|
|
|
Hyphema
|
Blood in eye: associated with vitreous/retinal damage in 50%
|
