Ue Origin/insertion/action/innervation

Front 1

Pectoralis major origins

Back 1

1. Clavicular part originates on medial ½ of clavicle.
2. Sternal part originates on manubrium and body of sternum.
3. Costal part originates on costal cartilages 1-6.

Front 2

Pectoralis major insertion

Back 2

Anterior lamina from clavicular and upper sternocostal parts; posterior lamina from lower sternocostal part. Fibers of lowest origin insert highest on humerus; as muscle fibers of posterior lamina pass laterally, they twist to attain a more superior position relative to fibers of anterior lamina. This bilaminar tendon crosses the intertubercular groove of the humerus to insert on the crest of the greater tubercle

Front 3

Pectoralis major innervation

Back 3

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

Front 4

Pectoralis major action

Back 4

adduct and medially rotate humerus (arm).

Front 5

Pectoralis minor origins

Back 5

Originates from ribs 2-5 or 3-6

Front 6

Pectoralis minor insertion

Back 6

Inserts on coracoid process of scapula.

Front 7

Pectoralis minor innervation

Back 7

Innervated by medial pectoral n.

Front 8

Pectoralis minor action

Back 8

depressor and downward rotator of scapula

Front 9

Trapezius origin

Back 9

external occipital protuberance
superior nuchal line
ligamentum nuchae
spinous processes C7-T12

Front 10

Trapezius insertion

Back 10

Lateral third of clavicle
acromion
spine of scapula

Front 11

Trapezius action

Back 11

as a whole-retracts the scapula
Superior fibers pull upward on lateral angle and the inferior fibers pull downward on the base of the spine, rotating the glenoid cavity upward; this movement normally accompanies abduction of the arm
Middle fibers-upward rotation and in preventing sagging of the lateral angle (glenoid cavity) of the scapula.

Front 12

Latissimus Dorsi origin

Back 12

spinous processes of T7 - S1
iliac crest
inferior 3 or 4 ribs (ribs 9-12)
thoracolumbar fascia

Front 13

Latissimus dorsi insertion

Back 13

crest of lesser tubercle of humerus

Front 14

Latissimus dorsi innervation

Back 14

thoracodorsal n.(C6-C8), a motor branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus.

Front 15

Latissimus dorsi action

Back 15

combined movements of adduction, medial rotation and extension of the arm
Inferior fibers prevent upward displacement of shoulder when weight of body tends to produce this action (i.e. when someone hangs by his arms or uses a crutch).

Front 16

Levator scapulae origin

Back 16

- posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3 (C4)

Front 17

Levator scapulae insertion

Back 17

superior angle and medial border of scapula as far as the base (medial edge) of the spine.

Front 18

Levator scapulae innervation

Back 18

Dorsal scapular (C4, C5)
Cervical (C3,C4) nerves

Front 19

Levator scapulae action

Back 19

elevates medial angle of scapula

Front 20

Rhomboid minor origin

Back 20

- lower part of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T1

Front 21

Rhomboid minor insertion

Back 21

medial border of scapula at base of spine

Front 22

Rhomboid minor innervation

Back 22

dorsal scapular n. (C5)

Front 23

Rhomboid minor action

Back 23

elevates medial border and retracts scapula.

Front 24

Trapezius innervation

Back 24

CN XI (spinal accessory n.) joined by motor branches from C3 and C4.

Front 25

Rhomboid major origin

Back 25

spinous processes of T2-T5

Front 26

Rhomboid major insertion

Back 26

medial border of scapula inferior to base of spine

Front 27

Rhomboid major innervation

Back 27

dorsal scapular n

Front 28

Rhomboid major action

Back 28

elevates medial border and retracts scapula

Front 29

Serratus anterior origin

Back 29

lateral surfaces of ribs 1-9

Front 30

Serratus anterior insertion

Back 30

medial border of scapula, anterior to rhomboidei mm

Front 31

Serratus anterior innervation

Back 31

- long thoracic n. (C5-C7)

Front 32

Serratus anterior actions

Back 32

Protracts scapula holding medial border firmly against thoracic wall
If inferior angle moves forward faster than the remainder of the medial border, the scapula is upwardly rotated. This upward rotation is the most important action of this muscle
Normally aided by fibers of the trapezius that lift the lateral angle of the scapula

Front 33

Deltoid origin

Back 33

– lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula (same as insertion of trapezius).

Front 34

Deltoid insertion

Back 34

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Front 35

Deltoid innervation

Back 35

axillary n. (C5-C6)

Front 36

Deltoid action

Back 36

Anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm
Middle fibers abduct arm
Posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm
Deltoid probably does not participate in rotation when only rotation is desired

Front 37

Supraspinatus origin

Back 37

supraspinatus fossa and from fascia covering the same muscle

Front 38

Supraspinatus insertion

Back 38

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Tendon of insertion forms the uppermost part of the rotator cuff of the shoulder

Front 39

Supraspinatus innervation

Back 39

suprascapular n. (C5-C6)

Front 40

Supraspinatus action

Back 40

abduction of arm; with the arm by the side, it becomes particularly active in supporting the arm against a downward pull

Front 41

infraspinatus origin

Back 41

infraspinatus fossa and from the fascia covering the same muscle

Front 42

infraspinatus insertion

Back 42

middle facet on the greater tubercle of the humerus; forms middle part of rotator cuff.

Front 43

infraspinatus innervation

Back 43

- suprascapular n.

Front 44

infraspinatus action

Back 44

- lateral rotation of arm

Front 45

teres minor origin

Back 45

middle ½ of lateral border of scapula

Front 46

teres minor insertion

Back 46

inferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus

forms lowest part of rotator cuff.

Front 47

teres minor innervation

Back 47

axillary n.

Front 48

teres minor action

Back 48

lateral rotation of arm (primary action)

also a weak adductor of the arm.

Front 49

teres major origin

Back 49

lower third of lateral border of scapula

Front 50

teres major insertion

Back 50

passes around medial side of humerus with latissimus dorsi to attach to the crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus

Front 51

teres major innervation

Back 51

lower subscapular n. (C5 - C6)

Front 52

teres major action

Back 52

adduction, medial rotation and extension of arm. Apparently acts only when these movements are resisted.

Front 53

subscapularis origin

Back 53

costal surface of scapula

Front 54

subscapularis insertion

Back 54

forming anterior part of rotator cuff

lesser tubercle of humerus and its crest.

Front 55

subscapularis innervation

Back 55

upper and lower subscapular nn

Front 56

subscapularis action

Back 56

medial rotation of arm.

Front 57

Coracobrachialis origin

Back 57

coracoid process

Front 58

coracobrachialis insertion

Back 58

medial side of mid-humeral shaft

Front 59

coracobrachialis innervation

Back 59

musculocutaneous nerve

Front 60

coracobrachialis action

Back 60

flexes and adducts arm

Front 61

biceps brachii origin

Back 61

long head- supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Short head- coracoid process.

Front 62

biceps brachii insertion

Back 62

biceps tendon into the radial tuberosity; bicipital aponeurosis blends with the deep fascia of flexor mm. in proximal forearm.

Front 63

biceps brachii innervation

Back 63

musculocutaneous nerve

Front 64

biceps brachii action

Back 64

(in order of importance) - flexes elbow joint, supinates radius (forearm), and a weak flexor of the shoulder joint

Front 65

brachialis origin

Back 65

distal ½ of anterior humerus

Front 66

brachialis insertion

Back 66

ulnar tuberosity on the anterior aspect of the coronoid process of ulna

Front 67

brachialis innervation

Back 67

musculocutaneous nerve

Front 68

brachialis action

Back 68

flexes elbow

Front 69

Triceps brachii origin

Back 69

Long head-infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head-posterior humerus, proximal to radial (spiral) groove
Medial head-posterior humerus, distal to radial groove

Front 70

triceps brachii insertion

Back 70

olecranon process of ulna

Front 71

triceps brachii innervation

Back 71

radial nerve

Front 72

triceps brachii action

Back 72

extends elbow. Its chief function is to keep elbow extended when pushing an object

Front 73

pronator teres origin

Back 73

humeral head from medial humeral epicondyle

ulnar head from coronoid process of ulna

Front 74

pronator teres insertion

Back 74

lateral side of middle part of radius

Front 75

pronator teres innervation

Back 75

median n. (C6 - C7)

Front 76

pronator teres action

Back 76

pronates hand

Front 77

flexor carpi radialis origin

Back 77

medial humeral epicondyle

Front 78

flexor carpi radialis insertion

Back 78

at the wrist its tendon enters a special compartment formed by splitting of the attachment of the flexor retinaculum to the trapezium

Tendon inserts on the base of the second metacarpal

Front 79

flexor carpi radialis innervation

Back 79

median n. (C6 - C7)

Front 80

flexor carpi radialis action

Back 80

flexor and radial abductor of wrist

Front 81

palmaris longus origin

Back 81

medial humeral epicondyle

Front 82

palmaris longus insertion

Back 82

palmar aponeurosis of hand

Front 83

palmaris longus innervation

Back 83

median n. (C7 - T1)

Front 84

palmaris longus action

Back 84

flexes wrist

Front 85

flexor carpi ulnaris origin

Back 85

medial humeral epicondyle and posterior border of upper 3/5's of ulna

Front 86

flexor carpi ulnaris insertion

Back 86

pisiform bone

Front 87

flexor carpi ulnaris innervation

Back 87

ulnar n. (C8 and T1)

Front 88

flexor carpi ulnaris action

Back 88

flexor and ulnar abductor of wrist

Front 89

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis origin

Back 89

humeroulnar head- medial epicondyle and medial border of base of coronoid process of ulna

Radial head-upper part of anterior border of radius

Front 90

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis insertion

Back 90

the base of the middle phalanx digits 2-5

Front 91

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis innervation

Back 91

median n. (C7 - T1)

Front 92

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis action

Back 92

flexes middle phalanges by virtue of the fact that the tendon crosses the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint

Front 93

Flexor pollicis longus origin

Back 93

middle ½ of anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

Front 94

flexor pollicis longus insertion

Back 94

tendon passes through carpal tunnel to attach to base of distal phalanx of thumb

Front 95

flexor pollicis longus innervation

Back 95

anterior interosseous branch of median n. (C7 - T1)

Front 96

flexor pollicis longus action

Back 96

flexes proximal and distal phalanges of thumb

Front 97

flexor digitorum profundus origin

Back 97

anterior and medial surfaces of ulna, plus interosseous membrane

Front 98

flexor digitorum profundus insertion

Back 98

tendons pass through carpal tunnel to attach to distal phalanges of digits 2 - 5

Front 99

flexor digitorum profundus innervation

Back 99

median n. supplies lateral ½; the ulnar n. supplies medial ½ (C8 - T1)

Front 100

flexor digitorum profundus action

Back 100

since tendon crosses both the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints, it flexes the middle and distal phalanges

Front 101

pronator quadratus origin

Back 101

distal ¼ of anterior ulna

Front 102

pronator quadratus insertion

Back 102

distal ¼ of anterior radius

Front 103

pronator quadratus innervation

Back 103

anterior interosseous branch of median n. (C7 - T1)

Front 104

pronator quadratus action

Back 104

pronates hand

Front 105

brachioradialis origin

Back 105

lateral border of humerus above lateral epicondyle

Front 106

brachioradialis insertion

Back 106

base of styloid process of radius

Front 107

brachioradialis innervation

Back 107

radial n. (C5 - C6)

Front 108

brachioradialis action

Back 108

flexor of elbow

Front 109

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus origin

Back 109

lateral border of humerus just distal to the brachioradialis

Front 110

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus insertion

Back 110

base of second metacarpal

Front 111

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus innervation

Back 111

radial n. (C6 - C7)

Front 112

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus action

Back 112

extensor and radial abductor of wrist

Front 113

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis origin

Back 113

lateral humeral epicondyle (common extensor tendon)

Front 114

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis insertion

Back 114

base of third metacarpal

Front 115

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis innervation

Back 115

posterior interosseous n., a branch of the radial n. (C6 - C7)

Front 116

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis action

Back 116

extensor and radial abductor of wrist

Front 117

Extensor Digitorum and Extensor Digiti Minimi origin

Back 117

common extensor tendon. The extensor digiti minimi arises from the ulnar side of the extensor digitorum

Front 118

Extensor Digitorum and Extensor Digiti Minimi insertion

Back 118

four tendons pass deep to extensor retinaculum then diverge toward fingers to insert on the base of both the middle and distal phalanges

Front 119

Extensor Digitorum and Extensor Digiti Minimi innervation

Back 119

posterior interosseous n.

Front 120

Extensor Digitorum and Extensor Digiti Minimi action

Back 120

extensor of all phalanges (proximal, middle and distal) of digits 2 - 5, plus it abducts the fingers upon extension. The extensor digiti minimi extends and abducts only the fifth digit

Front 121

extensor carpi ulnaris origin

Back 121

common extensor tendon

Front 122

extensor carpi ulnaris insertion

Back 122

tendon passes deep to extensor retinaculum to insert into base of fifth metacarpal

Front 123

extensor carpi ulnaris innervation

Back 123

posterior interosseous n.

Front 124

extensor carpi ulnaris action

Back 124

extensor and ulnar abductor of wrist

Front 125

supinator origin

Back 125

lateral humeral epicondyle, lateral ligaments of elbow and supinator crest of ulna

Front 126

supinator insertion

Back 126

passes downward and laterally around radius to insert into the lateral surface of radius, between anterior and posterior oblique lines

Front 127

supinator innervation

Back 127

posterior interosseous n.

Front 128

supinator action

Back 128

supination of hand

Front 129

Abductor Pollicis Longus origin

Back 129

posterior surfaces of radius and ulna and the interosseous membrane

Front 130

Abductor Pollicis Longus insertion

Back 130

passes deep to extensor retinaculum to attach to radial surface of base of first metacarpal

Front 131

Abductor Pollicis Longus innervation

Back 131

posterior interosseous n

Front 132

Abductor Pollicis Longus action

Back 132

abducts, extends and laterally rotates first metacarpal to draw the thumb away from the position of opposition. It also participates in radial abduction and flexion of the wrist

Front 133

Extensor Pollicis Brevis origin

Back 133

posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane just distal to extensor pollicis longus

Front 134

Extensor Pollicis Brevis insertion

Back 134

base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

Front 135

Extensor Pollicis Brevis innervation

Back 135

posterior interosseous n.

Front 136

Extensor Pollicis Brevis action

Back 136

radial abductor of wrist, extensor of the proximal phalanx of thumb and extensor of the first metacarpal

Front 137

Extensor Pollicis Longus origin

Back 137

posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane just distal to abductor pollicis longus

Front 138

Extensor Pollicis Longus insertion

Back 138

distal phalanx of thumb

Front 139

Extensor Pollicis Longus innervation

Back 139

posterior interosseous n.

Front 140

Extensor Pollicis Longus action

Back 140

extends distal and proximal phalanges of thumb, extends and abducts first metacarpal

Front 141

Extensor Indicis origin

Back 141

posterior surface of ulna distal to extensor pollicis longus

Front 142

Extensor Indicis insertion

Back 142

joins extensor expansion of index finger

Front 143

Extensor Indicis innervation

Back 143

posterior interosseous n.

Front 144

Extensor Indicis action

Back 144

extends all joints of index finger and independently abducts the index finger