Typical Signs And Symptoms Of Psychiatric Illness

Front 1

Consciousness

Back 1

State of Awareness

Front 2

Disorientation

Back 2

disturbance of orientation in time,place, or person

Front 3

Clouding of consciousness

Back 3

incomplete clear-mindedness with disturbances in perception and attitudes

Front 4

Stupor

Back 4

lack of reaction to and unawareness of surroundings

Front 5

Delirium

Back 5

bewildered,restless,confused,disoriented reaction associated with fear and hallucinations

Front 6

Coma

Back 6

profound degree of unconsciousness

Front 7

Coma vigil

Back 7

coma in which the patient appears to be asleep but ready to be aroused

Hint 7

akineticmutism

Front 8

Twilight state

Back 8

disturbed consciousness with hallucinations

Front 9

Dreamlike state

Back 9

often used as a synonym for complex partial seizure or psychomotor epilepsy

Front 10

Somnolence

Back 10

abnormal drowsiness

Front 11

Confusion

Back 11

disturbance of consciousness in which reaction to environmental stimuli are inappropriate

Front 12

Attention

Back 12

is the amount of effort exerted in focusing on certain portions of an experience; ability to sustain a focus on one activity; ability to concentrate

Front 13

Distractibility

Back 13

inability to concentrate attention; attention drawn to unimportant or irrelevant external stimuli

Front 14

Selective inattention

Back 14

blocking out only those things that generate anxiety

Front 15

Hypervigilance

Back 15

excessive attention and focus on all internal and external stimuli, usually secondary to delusional or paranoid states

Front 16

Trance

Back 16

focused attention and altered consciousness, usually seen in hypnosis, dissociative disorders, and ecstatic religious experiences

Front 17

Folie a deux

Back 17

communicated emotional illness between two (or three) persons

Hint 17

folie a trois

Front 18

Hypnosis

Back 18

artificially induced modification of consciousness characterized by a heightened suggestibility

Front 19

EMOTION

Back 19

a complex feeling state with psychic, somatic, and behavioral components that is related to affect and mood

Front 20

AFFECT

Back 20

observed expression of emotion; may be inconsistent with patient's description of emotion

Front 21

Appropriate affect

Back 21

condition in which the emotional tone is in harmony with the accompanying idea, thought, or speech; also further described as broad or full affect, in which a full range of emotions is appropriately expressed

Front 22

Inappropriate affect

Back 22

disharmony between the emotional feeling tone and the idea, thought, or speech accompanying it

Front 23

Blunted affect

Back 23

a disturbance in affect that is manifest by a severe reduction in the intensity of externalized feeling tone

Front 24

Restricted affect

Back 24

reduction in intensity of feeling tone less severe than blunted affect but clearly reduced

Hint 24

Constricted affect

Front 25

Flat affect

Back 25

absence or near absence of any signs of affective aexpression; voice monotonous, face immobile

Front 26

Labile affect

Back 26

rapid and abrupt changes in emotional feeling tone, unrelated to external stimuli

Front 27

MOOD

Back 27

a pervasive and sustained emotion, subjectively experienced and reported by the patient and observed by others; examples include depression, elation, anger

Front 28

Dysphoric mood

Back 28

an unpleasant mood

Front 29

Euthymic mood

Back 29

normal range of mood, implying absence of depressed or elevated mood

Front 30

Expansive mood

Back 30

expression of one's feelings without restraint , frequently with an overestimation of one's significance or importance

Front 31

Irritable mood

Back 31

easily annoyed and provoked to anger

Front 32

Mood swings

Back 32

oscillations between euphoria and depression or anxiety

Hint 32

Labile mood

Front 33

Elevated mood

Back 33

air of confidence and enjoyment; a mood more cheerful than usual

Front 34

Euphoria

Back 34

intense elation with feelings of grandeur

Front 35

Ecstasy

Back 35

feeling of intense rapture

Front 36

Depression

Back 36

psychopathological feeling of sadness

Front 37

Anhedonia

Back 37

loss of interest in and withdrawal from all regular and pleasurable activities, often associated with depression

Front 38

Grief

Back 38

sadness appropriate to a real loss

Hint 38

Mourning

Front 39

Alexithymia

Back 39

inability or difficulty in describing or being aware of one's emotions or moods

Front 40

Anxiety

Back 40

feeling of apprehension caused by anticipation of danger , which may be internal or external

Front 41

Free-floating anxiety

Back 41

pervasive , unfocused fear not attached to any idea

Front 42

Fear

Back 42

anxiety caused by consciously recognized and realistic danger

Front 43

Agitation

Back 43

severe anxiety associated with motor restlessness

Front 44

Tension

Back 44

increased motor and psychological activity that is unpleasant

Front 45

Panic

Back 45

acute, episodic, intense attack of anxiety associated with overwhelming feelings of dread and autonomic discharge

Front 46

Apathy

Back 46

dulled emotional tone associated with detachment or indifference

Front 47

Ambivalence

Back 47

coexistence of two opposing impulses toward the same thing in the same person at the same time

Front 48

Abreaction

Back 48

emotional release or discharge after recalling a painful experience

Front 49

Shame

Back 49

failure to live up to self-expectations

Front 50

Guilt

Back 50

emotion secondary to doing what is perceived as wrong

Front 51

Impulsive

Back 51

control, ability to resist ant impulsive, drive, or temptation to perform an action

Front 52

Melancholia

Back 52

severe. depressive state

Front 53

Anorexia

Back 53

loss of or decrease in appetite

Front 54

Hyperphagia

Back 54

increase in appetite and intake of food

Front 55

Insomnia

Back 55

lack of or diminished ability to sleep

Front 56

Initial

Middle

Terminal

Back 56

difficulty in falling asleep

difficulty in sleeping through the night without waking up and difficulty in going back to sleep

early morning awakening

Hint 56

Types of insomnia

Front 57

Hypersomnia

Back 57

excessive sleeping

Front 58

Diurnal variation:

Back 58

mood is regularly worst in the morning, immediately after awakening, and improves as the day progresses

Front 59

Diminished libido

Back 59

decreased sexual interest, drive, and performance (increased libido is often associated with manic states)

Front 60

Constipation

Back 60

inability or difficulty in defecating

Front 61

Motor BEHAVIOR

Back 61

the aspect of the psyche that includes impulses, motivations, wishes, drives, instincts , and cravings, as expressed by a person's behavior or motor activity

Hint 61

Conation

Front 62

Echopraxia

Back 62

pathological imitation of movements of one person by another

Front 63

Catatonia

Back 63

motor anomalies in non-organic disorders (as opposed to disturbances of consciousness and motor activity secondary to organic pathology)

Front 64

Catalepsy

Back 64

general term for an immobile position that is constantly maintained

Front 65

Catatonic excitement

Back 65

agitated, purposeless motor activity, uninfluenced by external stimuli

Front 66

Catatonic stupor

Back 66

markedly slowed motor activity, often to a point of immobility and seeming unawareness of surroundings

Front 67

Catatonic rigidity

Back 67

voluntary assumption of a rigid posture, held against all efforts to be moved

Front 68

Catatonic posturing

Back 68

voluntary assumption of an inappropriate or bizarre posture, generally maintained for long periods

Front 69

Cerea flexibilitas

Back 69

the person can be molded into a position that is then maintained; when the examiner moves the person's limb, the limb feels as if it were made of. wax

Hint 69

Waxy flexibility

Front 70

Negativism

Back 70

motiveless resistance to all attempts to be moved or to all instructions

Front 71

Cataplexy

Back 71

temporary loss of muscle tone and weakness precipitated by a variety of emotional states

Front 72

Stereotypy

Back 72

repetitive fixed pattern of physical action or speech

Front 73

Mannerism

Back 73

ingrained, habitual involuntary movement

Front 74

Automatism

Back 74

automatic performance of an act or acts generally representative of unconscious symbolic activity

Front 75

Command automatism

Back 75

automatic following of suggestions

Hint 75

automatic obedience

Front 76

Mutism

Back 76

voicelessness without structural abnormalities

Front 77

Psychomotor agitation

Back 77

excessive motor and cognitive overactivity, usually nonproductive and in response to inner tension

Hint 77

Overactivity

Front 78

Hyperactivity

Back 78

restless, aggressive, destructive activity, often associated with some underlying brain pathology

Hint 78

hyperkinesis

Front 79

Tic

Back 79

involuntary, spasmodic motor movement

Front 80

Sleepwalking

Back 80

motor activity during sleep

Hint 80

Somnambulism

Front 81

Akathisia

Back 81

subjective feeling of muscular tension secondary to antipsychotic or other medication, which can cause restlessness, pacing, repeated sitting and standing; can be mistaken for psychotic agitation

Front 82

Compulsion

Back 82

uncontrollable impulse to perform an act repetition

Front 83

Dipsomania

Back 83

compulsion to drink alcohol

Front 84

Kleptomania

Back 84

compulsion to steal

Front 85

Nymphomania

Back 85

excessive and compulsive need for coitus in a woman

Front 86

Satyriasis

Back 86

excessive and compulsive need for coitus in a man

Front 87

Trichotillomania

Back 87

compulsion to pull out one's hair

Front 88

Ritual

Back 88

automatic activity, compulsive in nature, anxiety reducing in origin

Front 89

Ataxia

Back 89

failure of muscle coordination; irregularity of muscle action

Front 90

Polyphagia

Back 90

pathological overeating

Front 91

Hypoactivity

Back 91

decreased motor and cognitive activity, as in psychomotor retardation; visible slowing of thought, speech, and movements

Hint 91

Hypokinesis

Front 92

Mimicry

Back 92

simple, imitative motor activity of childhood

Front 93

Aggression

Back 93

forceful goal-directed action that may be verbal or physical; the motor counterpart of the affect of rage, anger, or hostility

Front 94

Acting out

Back 94

direct. expression of an unconscious wish or impulse in action; unconscious fantasy is lived out. impulsively in behavior

Front 95

Abulia

Back 95

reduced impulse to act and think, associated with indifference about consequences of action; association with neurological deficit

Front 96

Hypertonia

Back 96

muscle remain immovable

Front 97

Bradykinesia

Back 97

slowness of motor activity with a decrease in normal spontaneous movement

Front 98

Coprophagia

Back 98

eating of filth or feces

Front 99

Chorea

Back 99

random and involuntary quick jerky purposeless movement.

Front 100

THINKING

Back 100

goal-directed flow of ideas, symbols, and associations initiated by a problem or a task and leading toward a reality-oriented conclusion

Front 101

Mental disorder

Back 101

clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome, associated with distress or disability, not just an expected response to a particular event or limited to relations between the person and society

Front 102

Psychosis

Back 102

inability to distinguish reality from fantasy; impaired reality testing, with the creation of a new reality

Front 103

Formal thought disorder

Back 103

disturbance in the form of thought, instead of the content of thought; thinking characterized by loosened associations, neologisms, and illogical constructs; thought process is disordered and the person is defined as psychotic

Front 104

Illogical thinking

Back 104

thinking containing erroneous conclusions or internal contradictions; it is psychopathological only when it is marked and when not caused by cultural values or intellectual deficit

Front 105

Dereism

Back 105

mental activity not concordant with logic or experience

Front 106

Autistic thinking

Back 106

preoccupation with inner, private world; term used somewhat synonymously with dereism

Front 107

Magical thinking

Back 107

form of dereistic thought; thinking that is similar to that of the preoperational phase in children (Jean Piaget), in which thoughts, words, or actions assume power (for example, they can cause or prevent events)

Front 108

Primary process thinking

Back 108

general term for thinking that is dereistic, illogical, magical; normally found in dreams, abnormally in psychosis

Front 109

Neologism

Back 109

new word created by the patient, often by combining syllables of other words, for idiosyncratic psychological reasons

Front 110

Word salad

Back 110

incoherent mixture of words and phrases

Front 111

Circumstantiality

Back 111

indirect speech that is delayed in reaching the point but eventually gets from original point to desired goal; characterized by an overinclusion of details and parenthetical remarks

Front 112

Tangentiality

Back 112

inability to have goal-directed associations of thought; patient never gets from desired point to desired goal

Front 113

Incoherence

Back 113

thought that, generally, is not understandable; running together of thoughts or words with no logical or grammatical connection, resulting in disorganization

Front 114

Perseveration

Back 114

persisting response to a prior stimulus after a new stimulus has been presented, often associated with cognitive disorders

Front 115

Verbigeration

Back 115

meaningless repetition of specific words or phrases

Front 116

Echolalia

Back 116

psychopathological repeating of words or phrases of one person by another; tends to be repetitive and persistent, may be spoken with mocking or staccato intonation

Front 117

Condensation

Back 117

fusion of various concepts into one

Front 118

Irrelevant answer

Back 118

answer that is not in harmony with question asked (patient appears to ignoreor not attend to question)

Front 119

Loosening of associations

Back 119

flow of thought in which ideas shift from one subject to another in completely unrelated way; when severe, speech may be incoherent

Front 120

Derailment

Back 120

gradual or sudden deviation in train of thought without nblocking; sometimes used synonymously with loosening of associations

Front 121

Flight of ideas

Back 121

rapid, continuous verbalizations or plays on words produce constant shifting from one idea to another; the ideas tend to be connected, and in the less severe form a listener may be able to follow them

Front 122

Clang association

Back 122

association of words similar in sound but not in meaning; words have no logical connection, may include rhyming and punning

Front 123

Blocking

Back 123

abrupt interruption in train of thinking before a thought or idea is finished; after a brief pause, the person indicates no recall of what was being said or was going to be said

Hint 123

Thought deprivation

Front 124

Glossolalia

Back 124

the expression of a. revelatory message through unintelligible words not considered a disturbance in thought if associated with practices of specific Pentecostal religions

Hint 124

Speaking in tongues

Front 125

Poverty of content

Back 125

thought that gives little information because of vagueness, empty repetitions, or obscure phrases

Front 126

Overvalued idea

Back 126

unreasonable, sustained false belief maintained less firmly than a delusion

Front 127

Delusion

Back 127

false belief , based on incorrect inference about external reality, not consistent with patient's intelligence and cultural background, that cannot be corrected by reasoning

Front 128

Bizarre delusion

Back 128

an absurd, totally implausible, strange false belief

Front 129

Systematized delusion

Back 129

false belief or beliefs united by a single event or theme

Front 130

Mood-congruent delusion:

Back 130

delusion with mood-appropriate content

Front 131

Mood-incongruent delusion

Back 131

delusion with content that has no association to mood or is mood-neutral

Front 132

Nihilistic delusion

Back 132

false feeling that self, others, or the world is nonexistent or ending

Front 133

Delusion of poverty

Back 133

false belief that one is bereft or will be deprived of all material possessions

Front 134

Somatic delusion

Back 134

false belief involving functioning of one's body

Front 135

Paranoid delusions

Back 135

includes persecutory delusions and delusions of reference, control, and grandeur

Front 136

Delusion of persecution

Back 136

false belief that one is being harassed, cheated, or persecuted; often found in litigious patients who have a pathological tendency to take legal action because of imagined mistreatment

Front 137

Delusion of grandeur

Back 137

exaggerated conception of one's importance, power, or identity

Front 138

Delusion of reference

Back 138

false belief that the behavior of others refers to oneself; that events, objects, or others have a particular and unusual significance, usually of a negative nature; derived from idea of reference, in which one falsely feels that one is being talked about by others

Front 139

Delusion of self-accusation

Back 139

false feeling of remorse and guilt

Front 140

Delusion of control

Back 140

false feeling that one's will, thoughts, or feelings are being controlled by external forces

Front 141

Thought withdrawal

Back 141

delusion that one's thoughts are being removed from one's mind by other persons or forces

Front 142

Thought insertion

Back 142

delusion that thoughts are being implanted in one's mind by other persons or forces

Front 143

Thought broadcasting

Back 143

delusion that one's thoughts can be heard by others, as though they were being broadcast into the air

Front 144

Thought control

Back 144

delusion that one's thoughts are being controlled by other persons or forces

Front 145

Delusion of infidelity

Back 145

false belief derived from pathological jealousy that one's lover is unfaithful

Hint 145

Delusion of jealousy

Front 146

Erotomania

Back 146

delusional belief, more common in women than in men, that someone is deeply in love with the patient

Hint 146

Clerambault-Kandinsky complex

Front 147

Pseudologia phantastica

Back 147

a type of lying, in which the person appears to believe in the reality of his or her fantasies and acts on them; associated with Munchausen syndrome, repeated feigning of illness

Front 148

Trend or preoccupation of thought

Back 148

centering of thought content on a particular idea, associated with a strong affective tone, such as a paranoid trend or a suicidal or homicidal preoccupation

Front 149

Egomania

Back 149

pathological self-preoccupation

Front 150

Monomania

Back 150

preoccupation with a single object

Front 151

Hypochondria

Back 151

exaggerated concern about one's health that is based not on real organic pathology but rather on unrealistic interpretations of physical signs or sensations as abnormal

Front 152

Obsession

Back 152

Pathological persistence of an irresistible thought or feeling that cannot be eliminated from consciousness by logical effort,which is associated with anxiety

Hint 152

Rumination

Front 153

Compulsion

Back 153

pathological need to act on an impulse that , if resisted , produces anxiety; repetitive behavior in response to an obsession or performed according to certain rules, with no true end in itself other than to prevent something from occurring in the future

Front 154

Coprolalia

Back 154

compulsive utterance of obscene words

Front 155

Phobia

Back 155

persistent, irrational, exaggerated, and invariably pathological dread of some specific type of stimulus or situation; results in a compelling desire to avoid the feared stimulus

Front 156

Specific phobia

Back 156

circumscribed dread of a discrete object or situation

Front 157

Social phobia

Back 157

dread of public humiliation, as in fear of public speaking, performing, or eating in public

Front 158

Acrophobia

Back 158

dread of high places

Front 159

Algophobia

Back 159

dread of pain

Front 160

Ailurophobia

Back 160

dread of cats

Front 161

Erythrophobia

Back 161

dread of red

Front 162

Panphobia

Back 162

dread of everything

Front 163

Claustrophobia

Back 163

dread of closed places

Front 164

Xenophobia

Back 164

dread of strangers

Front 165

Zoophobia

Back 165

dread of animals

Front 166

Noesis

Back 166

a revelation in which immense illumination occurs in association with a sense that one has been chosen to lead and command

Front 167

Unio mystica

Back 167

an oceanic feeling, one of mystic unity with an infinite power; not. considered a disturbance in thought content if congruent with patient's religious or cultural milieu

Front 168

SPEECH

Back 168

ideas, thoughts, feelings as expressed through language; communication through the use of words and language

Front 169

Pressure of speech

Back 169

rapid speech that is increased in amount and difficult to interrupt

Front 170

Volubility

Back 170

copious, coherent, logical speech

Hint 170

Iogohrrea

Front 171

Poverty of speech

Back 171

restriction in the amount of speech used; replies may be monosyllabic

Front 172

Nonspontaneous speech

Back 172

verbal responses given only when asked or spoken to directly; no self-initiation of speech

Front 173

Poverty of content of speech

Back 173

speech that is adequate in amount but conveys little information because of vagueness, emptiness, or stereotyped phrase

Front 174

Dysprosody

Back 174

loss of normal speech melody

Front 175

Dysarthria

Back 175

difficulty in articulation, not in word finding or in grammar

Front 176

Excessively loud or soft speech

Back 176

speech that is adequate in amount but conveys little information because of vagueness, emptiness, or stereotyped phrases

Front 177

Stuttering

Back 177

frequent repetition or prolongation of a sound or syllable, leading to markedly impaired speech fluency

Front 178

Cluttering

Back 178

erratic and dysrhythmic speech, consisting of rapid and jerky spurts

Front 179

APHASIC DISTURBANCES

Back 179

disturbances in language output

Front 180

Motor aphasia

Back 180

disturbance of speech caused by a cognitive disorder in which understanding remains but ability to speak is grossly impaired; speech is halting, laborious, and inaccurate

Front 181

Sensory aphasia

Back 181

organic loss of ability to comprehend the meaning of words; speech is fluid and spontaneous but incoherent and nonsensical

Front 182

Nominal aphasia

Back 182

difficulty in finding correct name for an object

Hint 182

anomia and amnestic aphasia

Front 183

Syntactical aphasia

Back 183

inability to arrange words in proper sequence

Front 184

Jargon aphasia

Back 184

words produced are totally neologistic; nonsense words. repeated with various intonations and inflections

Front 185

Global aphasia

Back 185

combination of a grossly nonfluent aphasia and a severe fluent aphasia

Front 186

Perception

Back 186

process of transferring physical stimulation into psychological information; mental process by which sensory stimuli are brought to awareness

Front 187

Hallucination

Back 187

false sensory perception not associated with real external stimuli; there may or may not be a delusional interpretation of the hallucinatory experience

Front 188

Hypnagogic hallucination

Back 188

false perception occurring while awakening from sleep; generally considered nonpathological

Front 189

Gustatory hallucination

Back 189

false perception of taste, such q as unpleasant taste caused by an uncinate seizure; most common in medical disorders

Front 190

Tactile (haptic) hallucination

Back 190

false perception of touch or surface sensation, as from an amputated limb (phantom limb), crawling sensation on or under the skin (formication)

Front 191

Somatic hallucination

Back 191

sensation of things occurring in or to the body, most often visceral in origin

Hint 191

cenesthesic hallucination

Front 192

Lilliputian hallucination

Back 192

false perception in which objects are seen as reduced in size

Front 193

Mood-congruent hallucination:

Back 193

hallucination in which the content is consistent with either a depressed or a manic mood

Front 194

Mood-incongruent hallucination:

Back 194

hallucination in which the content is not consistent with either depressed or manic mood

Front 195

Hallucinosis

Back 195

hallucinations, most often auditory, that are bassociated with chronic valcohol abuse and that occur within a clear sensorium, as opposed to delirium tremens (DTs), hallucinations that occur in the context of a clouded sensorium

Front 196

Synesthesia

Back 196

sensation or hallucination caused by another sensation

Front 197

Trailing phenomenon

Back 197

perceptual abnormality associated with hallucinogenic drugs in which moving objects are seen as a series of discrete and discontinuous images

Front 198

Illusion

Back 198

misperception or misinterpretation of real external sensory stimuli

Front 199

Agnosia

Back 199

an inability to recognize and interpret the significance of sensory impressions

Front 200

Anosognosia

Back 200

inability to recognize a neurological deficit as occurring to oneself

Front 201

Somatopagnosia

Back 201

inability to recognize a body part as one's own

Hint 201

ignorance of the body/autopagnosia

Front 202

Visual agnosia

Back 202

inability to recognize objects or persons

Front 203

Astereognosis

Back 203

inability to recognize objects by touch

Front 204

Prosopagnosia

Back 204

inability to recognize faces

Front 205

Apraxia

Back 205

inability to carry out specific tasks

Front 206

Simultagnosia

Back 206

inability to comprehend more than one element of a visual scene at a time or to integrate the parts into a whole

Front 207

Adiadochokinesia

Back 207

inability to perform rapid alternating movements.

Front 208

Hysterical anesthesia

Back 208

loss of sensory modalities resulting from emotional conflicts

Front 209

Macropsia

Back 209

state in which objects seem larger than they are

Front 210

Micropsia

Back 210

state in which objects seem smaller than they are

Front 211

Depersonalization

Back 211

a subjective sense of being unreal, strange, or unfamiliar to oneself

Front 212

Derealization

Back 212

a subjective sense that the environment is strange or unreal; a feeling of changed reality

Front 213

Fugue

Back 213

taking on a new identity with amnesia for the old identity; often involves travel or wandering to new environments

Front 214

Multiple personality

Back 214

one person who appears at different times to be two or more entirely different personalities and characters

Front 215

MEMORY

Back 215

function by which information stored in the brain is later recalled to consciousness

Front 216

Amnesia

Back 216

partial or total inability to recall past experiences; may be organic or emotional in origin

Front 217

Anterograde

Back 217

amnesia for events occurring after a point in time

Front 218

Retrograde

Back 218

amnesia prior to a point in time

Front 219

Paramnesia

Back 219

falsification of memory by distortion of recall

Front 220

Fausse reconnaissance

Back 220

false recognition

Front 221

Retrospective falsification

Back 221

memory becomes unintentionally (unconsciously) distorted by being filtered through patient's present emotional, cognitive , and experiential state

Front 222

Confabulation

Back 222

unconscious filling of gaps in memory by imagined or untrue experiences that patient believes but that have no basis in fact; most often associated with organic pathology

Front 223

Deja vu

Back 223

illusion of visual recognition in which a new situation is incorrectly regarded as a repetition of a previous memory

Front 224

Deja entendu

Back 224

illusion of auditory recognition

Front 225

Deja pense

Back 225

illusion that a new thought is recognized as a thought previously felt or expressed

Front 226

Jamais vu

Back 226

false feeling of unfamiliarity with a real situation one has experienced

Front 227

Hypermnesia

Back 227

exaggerated degree of retention and recall

Front 228

Eidetic image

Back 228

visual memory of almost hallucinatory vividness

Front 229

Screen memory

Back 229

consciously tolerable memory covering for a painful memory

Front 230

Repression

Back 230

a defense mechanism characterized by unconscious forgetting of unacceptable ideas or impulses

Front 231

Lethologica

Back 231

temporary inability to remember a name or a proper noun

Front 232

Immediate

Back 232

reproduction or recall of perceived material within seconds to minutes

Front 233

Recent

Back 233

recall of events over past few days

Front 234

Recent past

Back 234

recall of events over past few months

Front 235

Remote

Back 235

recall of events in distant past

Front 236

INTELLIGENCE

Back 236

the ability to understand, recall, mobilize, and constructively integrate previous learning in meeting new situations

Front 237

Mental retardation

Back 237

lack of intelligence to a degree in which there is interference with social and vocational performance: mild (intelligence quotient [I.Q.] of 50 or 55 to approximately 70), moderate (I.Q. of 35 or 40 to 50 or 55 ), severe (I.Q. of 20 or 25 to 35 or 40 ), or profound (I.Q. below 20 or 25); obsolete terms are idiot (mental age less than 3 years), imbecile (mental age of 3 to 7 years), and moron (mental age of about 8)

Front 238

Dementia

Back 238

organic and global deterioration of intellectual functioning without clouding of consciousness

Front 239

Dyscalculia

Back 239

loss of ability to do calculations not caused by anxiety or impairment in concentration

Hint 239

Acalculia

Front 240

Dysgraphia

Back 240

loss of ability to write in cursive style;loss ofword structure

Hint 240

Agraphia

Front 241

Alexia

Back 241

loss of a previously possessed reading facility; not explained by defective visual acuity

Front 242

Pseudodementia

Back 242

clinical features resembling a dementia not caused by an organic condition; most often caused by depression (dementia syndrome of depression)

Front 243

Concrete thinking

Back 243

literal thinking; limited use of metaphor without understanding of nuances of meaning; one-dimensional thought

Front 244

Abstract thinking

Back 244

ability to appreciate nuances of meaning; multidimensional thinking with ability to use metaphors and hypotheses appropriately

Front 245

INSIGHT

Back 245

ability of the patient to understand the true cause and meaning of a situation

Front 246

Intellectual insight

Back 246

understanding of the objective reality of a set of circumstances without the ability to apply the understanding in any useful way to master the situation

Front 247

True insight

Back 247

understanding of the objective reality of a situation, coupled with the motivation and the emotional impetus to master the situation

Front 248

Impaired insight

Back 248

diminished ability to understand the objective reality of a situation

Front 249

Judgment

Back 249

ability to assess a situation correctly and to act appropriately within that situation

Front 250

Critical judgment

Back 250

ability to assess, discern, and choose among various options in a situation

Front 251

Automatic judgment

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reflex performance of an action

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Impaired judgment

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diminished ability to understand a situation correctly and to act appropriately