Tumors

Front 1

(True/False) Tumors of the CNS are second in frequency to cerebrovascular accidents (CVA)

Back 1

True

Front 2

(Primary/Metastatic) tumors begin in the brain and stay in the brain

Back 2

Primary

Front 3

How do metastatic tumors spread?

Back 3

Arise outside of CNS then travel through blood and CSF to spread to brain and spinal cord

Front 4

How common is it to have metastatic tumors from the brain to the body?

Back 4

Rare.

Front 5

Name the cancer that most commonly metastasizes to the brain and other origins of metastasis

Back 5

-Lungs (this is the cancer that most commonly metastasizes to the brain)

-Breast

-Kidney

-Colon

Front 6

In adults, most CNS tumors are located

Back 6

supratentorially

Front 7

In children, most CNS tumors are located

Back 7

infratentorially

Front 8

Briefly explain how a brain tumor can progress to an increase in intracranial pressure

Back 8

The rigid skull contains the brain, CSF, atrial blood, and venous blood, which are essentially incompressible. causing compression, displacement, destruction and necrosis, alterations in blood and CSF circulation, alterations in neural activity, neurological sings depending on type and size of tumor. Eventually there is no more room in the skull and the decreased space and expanding mass leads to increased ICP.

Front 9

ALL signs and symptoms associated with the triad

Back 9

Triad: headache, vomiting, papilledema (swelling of optic disc). this can lead to changes in vital signs, seizures, loss of consciousness, coma, or even death.

Front 10

Type of brain tumor that occurs most frequently

Back 10

Gliomas (40-50%) of all CNS tumors

Front 11

Gliomas originate from the ________ cells of the brain called ________ cells

Back 11

supportive, glial.

Front 12

Gliomas are classified according to the cells rom which they arise, name the 3 types of cells

Back 12

-Astrocytes

-Oligodendrocytes

-Ependymal Cells

Front 13

_________ arise from astrocytes and include Glioblastomas Multiforme

Back 13

Astrocytomas (which are more than 3/4 of gliomas)

Front 14

____________ is the most common type of astrocytoma and is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in humans

Back 14

Glioblastoma Multiforme

Front 15

__________ make the myelin that surround the nerve cells; and this type of tumor is called _____________

Back 15

Oligodendrogliomas; Oligodendrocytes

Front 16

_________ cells line the ventricles and central canal; this tumor is called a _________

Back 16

Ependymal; Ependymomas

Front 17

___________ are tumors slows growing from the meninges (common in middle aged females); good prognosis

Back 17

Meningliomas

Front 18

________ arise from immature cells in the cerebellum; extremely malignant; invade cerebellum and 4th ventricle; almost exclusively in children and in more males than females

Back 18

Medulloblastomas

Front 19

Pituitary gland tumors arise from:

Back 19

cellls in the anterior pituitary; cause symptoms related to pressure on surrounding areas (hypothalamus, optic chiasm, 3rd venticle); endocrine symptoms: acromegaly, giantism, hyperolactinemia, hypopituitarism

Front 20

Spinal cord tumors (3 types)

Back 20

-Extradural

-Intradural extramedullary

-Intramedullary

Front 21

Tumor within spinal cord

Back 21

Intramedullary

Front 22

Tumors within dura, outside spinal cord

Back 22

Intradural extramedullary

Front 23

Tumors outside dura

Back 23

Extradural

Front 24

Symptoms of spinal cord tumors:

Back 24

Pain (usually the earliest symptom and occurs at night), progressive sensory and motor deficits, impaired bowel and bladder function, decreased balance.

Symptoms often precede tumor discovery by about 2 years (because tumor is slow growing)