Tree Biology Ch1

Front 1

Abscission zone

Back 1

Area at the base of the petiole where cellular breakdown leads to leaf and fruit drop.

Front 2

Absorbing roots

Back 2

Fine fibrous roots that take up water and minerals. Most absorbing roots are within the top 12 inches of soil.

Front 3

Adventurous roots

Back 3

Buds arising from a place other than a leaf axillary or shoot tip, usually as a result of hormonal triggers

Front 4

Aerial root

Back 4

Aboveground roots. Usually adventurous in nature and sometimes having unique adaptive functions.

Front 5

Angiosperm

Back 5

Plant with seeds borne in an ovary. Consists of two large groups: monocotyledons (grasses, palms, and related plants) and dicotyledons (most woody trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, and related plants). Contrast with gymnosperm.

Front 6

Anthocyanin

Back 6

Red or purple pigment responsible for these colors in some parts of trees and other plants. Compare to carotenoid.

Front 7

Antitranspirant

Back 7

Substance applied to the foliage of plants to reduce water loss (transpiration).

Front 8

Apical buds

Back 8

Bud at the tip of a twig or shoot. See terminal bud.

Front 9

Apical dominance

Back 9

Condition in which the terminal bud inhibits the growth and development of the lateral buds on the same stem formed during the same season.

Front 10

Apical meristem

Back 10

Growing point at the tips of shoots and roots.

Front 11

Apoplasm

Back 11

Free spaces in plant tissue. Includes cell walk and intercellular spaces. Contrast with symplasm.

Front 12

Auxin

Back 12

Plant hormone or substance that promotes or regulates the growth and development of plants. Produced at sites where cells are dividing, primarily in the shoot tips. Auxin-like compounds may be synthetically produced.

Front 13

Axial transport

Back 13

Movement of water, minerals, or photosynthates longitudinally within a tree.

Front 14

Auxiliary bud

Back 14

Bud in the axillary of a leaf. Lateral bud.

Front 15

Branch bark Ridge

Back 15

Raised strip of bark at the top of a branch union, where the growth and expansion of the trunk or paint stem and adjoining branch push the bark into a ridge.

Front 16

Branch collar

Back 16

Area where a branch joins another branch or truck that is created by the overlapping vascular tissues from both the branch and the truck. Typically enlarged at the base of the branch.

Front 17

Bud

Back 17

(1) small lateral or terminal protuberance on the stem of a plant that may develop into a flower or shoot. (2) undeveloped flower or shoot containing a meristem a ticket growing point.

Front 18

Buttress root

Back 18

Root at the trunk base that help support the tree and equalize mechanical stress.

Front 19

Cambium

Back 19

Thin layer(s) of meristem a ticket cells that give rise (outward) to the phloem and (inward) to the xylem, increasing stem and root diameter.

Front 20

Carbohydrate

Back 20

Compound combining carbon hydrogen and oxygen that is produced by plants as a result of photosynthesis. Sugars and starches.

Front 21

Carotenoid

Back 21

Yellow orange or red pigment responsible for the colors in some parts of trees and other plants. Compared to anthocyanin

Front 22

Cellulose

Back 22

Complex carbohydrate found in the cellular walls of the majority of plants and algae and certain fungi.

Front 23

Chlorophyll

Back 23

Green pigment of plants found in chloroplasts. Captures the energy of the Sun and is essential in photosynthesis

Front 24

CODIT

Back 24

Acronym for compartmentalization of decay in trees

Front 25

Companion cell

Back 25

Specialized cell in angiosperm phloem derived from the same parent cell as the closely associated, immediately adjacent sieve tube member.

Front 26

Compartmentalization

Back 26

Natural defense process in trees by which chemical and physical boundaries are created that acts to limit the spread of disease and Decay organisms

Front 27

Cork cambium

Back 27

Meristematic tissue from which the corky protective outer layer of bark is formed.

Front 28

Cuticle

Back 28

Waxy layer outside of the epidermis of a leaf that reduces water loss and resists insects damaged

Front 29

Cytokinin

Back 29

Plant hormone involved in cell division with expansion and other physiological processes. Compounds in a cytokine like activity may be synthetically produced

Front 30

Deciduous

Back 30

Tree or their plan to The Sheds all of its leaves according to a genetically scheduled cycle as impacted by climate factors (usually during the cold season in temperate zones) contrasts with Evergreen

Front 31

Decurrent

Back 31

Rounding or spreading growth habits of the tree crown. Contrast with excurrent

Front 32

Differentiation

Back 32

Process in the development of cells in which they become specialized for various functions

Front 33

Diffuse porous

Back 33

Pattern of wood development in which the vessels and vessel sizes are distributed evenly throughout the annual ring. Contrast with ring porous

Front 34

Dormant

Back 34

In a period of dormancy

Front 35

Ecology

Back 35

Study of the relationships among organisms and other living and non-living elements of their environment.

Front 36

Epicormic

Back 36

Arising from a latent adventitious bud (growing point). Usually in reference to a shoot.

Front 37

Evergreen

Back 37

Tree or other plant that does not shed all of its foliage annually. Contrast with deciduous

Front 38

Excurrent

Back 38

Tree growth habit characterized by a central leader and a pyramidal crown. Contrast with decurrent

Front 39

Fiber

Back 39

Elongated, tapering, thick-walled cell that provides strength to wood.

Front 40

Frond

Back 40

Large divided Leaf structure found in palms and ferns.

Front 41

Geotropism

Back 41

Plant growth produced in response to the force of gravity, either positive, as in direction of gravity (roots), or negative, as in opposite the direction of gravity (shoots)