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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Scientific method; Discovery based |
Based on observations. No preconceived idea of what will happen. Not "controlled". |
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Scientific method; hypothesis based |
Controlled experiments. Reasonable explanation of what we think will happen in the experiment. Specific question being tested. |
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Scientific theory |
A broad explanation that has received significant supporting evidence. |
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Hypothesis |
Specific/testable explanation for a natural phenomenon (educated guess) |
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Steps of hypothesis testing |
1. Observations lead to question 2. Hypothesis (possible explanation or answer to the question) 3. Experiment to test the hypothesis 4. Data analysis of experimental results 5. Conclusion (supports or rejects hypothesis) |
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Property of life/Biological evolution |
Heritable changes in groups of organisms over time |
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Natural selection |
1. Heritable variation exists between individuals/random mutation (changes in DNA) 2. Survival of the fittest - some traits cause some individuals to survive longer = more reproduction |
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Seven fundamental properties of life |
1. Cells and organization 2. Energy use and metabolism 3. Response to environmental changes 4. Regulation and homeostasis 5. Growth and development 6. Reproduction 7. Biological evolution |
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Levels of Biological evolution |
1. Atoms 2. Molecules and macromolecules 3. Cells 4. Tissues 5. Organs 6. Organism 7. Population 8. Community 9. Ecosystem 10. Biosphere |
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3 domains of life |
1. Bacteria 2. Arcahea 3. Eukarya |
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Prokaryotic cells |
Micro organisms having cells lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus & cell compartmentalization (all members of domains bacteria/arcahea) |
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Eukaryotic cells |
Larger cells, internal compartments that serve various functions. Have a cell nucleus in which the genetic material is surrounded by a membrane. |
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Control group |
The sample in an experiment that is treated just like the experimental group except it is not subjected to one particular variable |
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Experimental group |
The sample in an experiment that is subjected to some type of variation that does not occur for the control group |
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Atoms |
Smallest unit of an element that has the chemical properties of the element. All matter is composed of atoms |
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Molecules and macromolecules |
Atoms bond with each other to form molecules. Many molecules bonded together form polymers (macromolecules) |
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Cells |
A cell is surrounded by a membrane and contains a variety of molecules and macromolecules. Simplest unit of life |
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Tissues |
Many cells of the same type associate with each other to form tissues |
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Organs |
Composed of two or more types of tissue |
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Organism |
All living things. Belong to a particular species |
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Species |
A related group of organisms that share a distinctive form and set of attributes. Members of species are closely related genetically |
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Population |
A group of organisms of the same species that occupy the same environment |
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Community |
An assemblage of populations of different species |
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Ecosystem |
Formed by interactions of a community of organisms with their physical environment |
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Biosphere |
All the places on Earth where living organisms exist |
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Lineage |
Progression of changes in a series of ancestors |
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Vertical evolution |
Occurs in lineage. New species evolve from preexisting ones by the accumulation of mutations. Most common way for genes to be transferred. |
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Mutations |
Heritable changes in the genetic material of organisms |
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Natural selection |
When a mutation causes a beneficial change that increases their chance of survival and reproduction. The frequency of the mutation may increase in a population from one generation to the next. |
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Horizontal Gene transfer |
Transfer of genetic material foreign one organism to another that is not it'll offspring. |
