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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychiatrist
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physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
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Psychologist
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specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems
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Insight-Oriented Therapies: Psychodynamic therapy
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Goal is therapeutic insight and working through conflicts; verbal interactions intended to enhance clients’ self-knowledge and thus promote healthful changes in personality and behavior
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Free association
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clients spontaneously express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur, with as little censorship as possible
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Dream analysis
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therapist interprets the symbolic meaning of the client’s dreams
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Transference
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occurs when clients start relating to their therapists in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives
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Client-Centered Therapy
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insight therapy that emphasizes providing a supportive emotional climate for clients, who play a major role in determining the pace and direction their therapy
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Therapeutic alliance
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nonthreatening environment for client
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Unconditional positive regard
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nonjudgmental acceptance of the client
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Congruence
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person’s distress is due to inconsistency, or “incongruence,” between a person’s self-concept and reality
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Behavioral Therapies
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involve the application of the principles of learning and conditioning to direct efforts to change clients’ maladaptive behaviors
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Systematic desensitization
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behavior therapy used to reduce clients’ phobic responses
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fear hierarchy
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list of anxiety-arousing stimuli related to the specific source of anxiety; client ranks the stimuli from the least anxiety arousing to the most
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relaxation response
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engage in deep thorough relaxation on command from the therapist
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Aversion therapy
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creates a negative response to a stimulus that has elicited problematic behavior
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Token economy
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state hospitals; autism and schizophrenia; environment in which you get something good for good behavior and losing things for inappropriate behavior; shape behavior usually in institutionalized setting
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Social skills training
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strengthen how people interact with one another; schizophrenia and autism; identify a skill the person is lacking (i.e. eye contact); practice the skill and get feedback; then repeat the learned skill
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Automatic thought
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thought you have in a specific situation that is often an extreme; hate or love it
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Group therapy
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simultaneous treatment of several clients in a group
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deinstitutionalization
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emphasize outpatient care (1) emergence of effective drug therapies for severe disorders and 2) the deployment of community mental health centers to coordinate local care)
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Biological Approaches
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physiological interventions intended to reduce symptoms associated with psychological disorders
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Tranquilizers (anxiety disorders)
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anti-anxiety drugs which reduce tension, apprehension, and nervousness
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Antidepressants
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gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of a depression
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tricyclics
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fewer side effects
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SSRIs
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slow reuptake of serotonin
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Lithium (mood disorders)
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mood stabilizer; prevents future episodes; high concentrations can be fatal; valproate
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Antipsychotics (schizophrenia)
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used to gradually reduce psychotic symptoms, including hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions
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Atypical (Schizophrenia)
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new class of drug; roughly as effective as traditional antipsychotics; help patients who do not respond to conventional antipsychotic medications; produce fewer unpleasant side effects and carry less risk for tardive dyskinesia
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ECT (depression)
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electroconvulsive therapy; biomedical treatment in which electric shock is used to produce a cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions
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