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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When to investigate for trauma |
Blunt trauma and gross hematuria Blunt tramua, significatn microhematuria and shock Penetrating injury to abdomen or flank |
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Imaging after trauma |
CT scan is best |
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When to intervene with renal trauma |
Hemodynamically unstable Ongoing need for blood transfusion Expanding abdominal mass |
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How to intervervene |
Angiographic embolization Surgery (likely nephrectomy) |
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Most common cause of GU trauma |
About 50/50 between blunt injuries and surgical injuries |
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Blunt injuries lower GU |
Bone shards in bladder Pelvic fracture pulls ligament to urethra, ripping it off |
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Rule: suspected urethral injury |
Do not insert catheter, could convert partial urethral injury to total urethral injury |
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Two types of bladder cancer |
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) Squamous cell carcinoma |
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More common in NA |
TCC |
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Superficial disease recurrence |
75% |
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Superficial disease progression |
30% |
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Something with very high progression rate |
Carcinoma in situ |
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Treatment for recurrent bladder tumour |
BCG (TB vaccine, stimulates immune system) Quite a few side effects |
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Other treatments for bladder cancer |
Radiation Chemo Combo/radiation chemo almost as good a surgery |
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Main ideas to take away about bladder cancer |
Cigarette smoking is the main cause 75% of tumours are on the bladder surface (no deep roots) Surface tumours can still grow deep roots |
