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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the features of an effective transport system? |
Fluid/medium to carry nutrients around the body Pump to create pressure that will push fluid around body Exchange surfaces that enable oxygen + nutrients to enter body |
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What are the features of an efficient transport system? |
Tubes or vessels to carry the blood Two circuits - one to pick up oxygen + one to deliver it to tissues |
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What is a single circulatory system? |
A system where blood flows from the heart to the gills then onto the body before returning Heart -> gills -> body -> heart |
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What is a double circulatory system? |
A system that involves two separate circuits that work at the same time; blood is pumped twice around the body in one heart beat Heart -> body -> heart -> lungs -> heart |
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What is a pulmonary circulation? |
A circuit that carries blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen |
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What is a systemic circulation? |
A circuit that carried blood to the body and respiring tissues |
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What are the advantages of having a double circulatory system? |
The heart can increase pressure of blood after it's passed thru lungs - so blood flows more quickly to tissues Systemic circulation can carry blood at higher pressure than pulmonary circulation Blood pressure must not be too high in pulm circ - can damage delicate capillaries |
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What are the disadvantages of a single circulatory system? |
Blood pressure is reduced as blood passes through capillaries in gills - therefore it wont flow v quickly to rest of body limits rate at which oxygen + nutrients = delivered |
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Why is a single circulatory system adequate for a fish? |
Fish aren't as active as mammals (metab) Fish don't need to maintain their own body temp -therefore they don't need as much energy Single circ system delivers oxy + nutrients quick enough for needs |
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Why do mammals require a double pump? |
Mammals are active animals Mammals need energy for activity and maintenance of body temperature - to get this cells need good supplies of both nutrients and oxygen |
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Why do large animals need a transport system? |
Simple diffusion isn't adequate enough for the needs of the animal Larger animals have a variety of different tissues and structural support - to allow animal to grow and support them Bigger size means longer time to diffuse to and from internal tissues Smaller SA:Vol Larger animals = more active - therefore nutrients + oxygen used more quickly + waste produced faster |
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What are the three main factors that affect the need for a transport system? |
Size - diffusion distance increased SA:Vol - SA not large enough to supply oxy Level of activity - more active processes + tissues respiring |
