Transcription Of Speech-Sound Disorders

Front 1

1. articulation disorder =
2. might have difficulty with the:

Back 1

1. have difficulty producing only a few phonemes.
2. motor movements

Front 2

phonological disorder = (2)

Back 2

- difficulty with the sound system.
- difficulty with the rules for combinations and order of phonemes.

Front 3

speech sound disorders =

Back 3

refers to all disorders associated with speech sound production.

Front 4

Articulations tests: (4)

Back 4

- identify correct/incorrect phonemes
- consonant and consonant clusters
- sometimes vowels
- speech errors or misarticulations

Front 5

4 types of speech errors/misarticulations:

Back 5

- substitution
- omission
- distortion
- addition

Front 6

3 major categories of phonological processes:

Back 6

- syllable structure processes
- substitution processes
- assimilatory processes

Front 7

1.syllable structure processes affect production of syllables so that:
2. usually ___ pattern.
3. includes: (4)

Back 7

1. they are simplified.
2. CV
3. weak syllable deletion, final consonant deletion, reduplication, cluster reduction

Front 8

1. weak syllable deletion =
2. okay until age:

Back 8

1. omission of an unstressed syllable either before or after a stressed syllable.
2. 4

Front 9

1. final consonant deletion =
2. most children use consonants in final position by age:

Back 9

1. reduces syllable to CV pattern; open syllable
2. 3

Front 10

1. reduplication =
2. 2 types:

Back 10

1. repetition of a syllable of a word.
2. total and partial

Front 11

1. cluster reduction =
2. consonant cluster =
3. common until age:

Back 11

1. deletion of a consonant from a consonant cluster.
2. two or more adjacent consonants in the same syllable.
3. 4

Front 12

substitution process =

Back 12

replacement of one class of phoneme for another.

Front 13

1. stopping =
2. can be common because:
3. substitution is usually with the:
4. okay until:

Back 13

1. substitution of a stop for a fricative or affricate.
2. stops are acquired before fricatives/affricates.
3. similar place of articulation.
4. 4 or 5

Front 14

1. fronting =
2. ok until:

Back 14

1. substitution of alveolar for velar/palatal
2. 2 1/2 - 3

Front 15

deaffrication =

Back 15

substitute a fricative for an affricate.

Front 16

gliding =

Back 16

substitution of a glide for a liquid.

Front 17

1. vocalization =
2. includes vowels:
3. common substitutions:
4. ok until:

Back 17

1. substitution of a vowel for post-vocalic or syllabic /l/ or /r/.
2. /ɚ, ɝ/
3. /ʊ, ɔ, o/
4. 7

Front 18

1. assimilatory processes =
2. 4 types:

Back 18

1. alteration in phoneme production due to phonetic environment.
2. labial, velar, nasal, voicing

Front 19

labial assimilation =

Back 19

non-labial phoneme is produced with a labial place of articulation (when word already has a labial in it).

Front 20

alveolar assimilation =

Back 20

non-alveolar phoneme is produced with an alveolar place of articulation (when word already has an alveolar in it).

Front 21

velar assimilation =

Back 21

non-velar phoneme is produced with a velar place of articulation (when word already has a velar in it).

Front 22

2 types of voicing assimilation:

Back 22

- prevocalic (voicing)
- devoicing

Front 23

5 idiosyncratic processes used by kids with phonological disorders:

Back 23

- glottal replacement
- initial consonant deletion
- backing
- stops replacing a glide
- fricatives replacing a stop