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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What metabolite causes CNS toxicity in ethylene glycol toxicosis?
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glycoaldehyde
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What metabolite is a functional toxicant that causes acidosis in ethylene glycol toxicosis?
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glycolic acid
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Which metabolite in ethlyene glycol toxicosis is most toxic, but not clinically relavant due to the short half life?
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glyoxylic acid
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What clinical signs are seen in stage I, II, and III with ethylene glycole toxicosis?
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I-CNS (less than 12 hours)
II-cardiopulmonary III- renal (greater than 24 hours) --> oliguric or anuric renal failure with isosthenuria |
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What is the difference between a dog and cat with ethylene glycol tox?
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cat - depression is greater and longer, NO PD, renal failure begins earlier
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Are serum EG kits sensitive enough for cats?
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no
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What are 5 clinical pathology findings that can help determine if there is ethylene glycol toxicosis?
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(1) serum osmolarity (GAP > 100)
(2) serum and urine EG concentrations --> Kits (3) blood ph (acidosis if < 7.3) (4) UA --> urine is isosthenuric, pH<6, fixed SG, Ca oxalate crystals (5) Biochemical |
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If there are appropriate clinical signs, azotemia and isothenuria, what toxicity should you expect?
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ethylene glycol toxicosis
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What do you want to inhibit in ethylene glycol toxicosis and what would you use to do this?
-what could you use as an alternative? |
-inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase
- use 4 - methylpyrazole up to 8 hours post ingestion (dogs) and 3 hours for (cats with a higher dose) -use ethanol as an alternative (not more than 20%) |
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Give an example of where methanol, a short chain alcohol, might be found.
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windshield washer fluid, anti-freeze, paint, varnish removers
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What signs are seen with methanol, ethanol toxicosis?
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CNS - increase with increased MW
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Why are primates much more sensitive to methanol than nonprimated?
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they don't metabolize formate very well b/c primates have less folates (folates play an role in 1-Carbon metabolizm)
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What are some metabolites of methanol and are they more or less toxic than the parent?
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-formaldehyde and formic acid
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What are some clinical signs to methanol toxicosis?
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-CNS, blindness acidosis
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What is the treatment for methanol toxicosis?
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prevent formate accumulation
-can use 4-MP or ethanol |
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What is the MoA for theobromine?
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--catecholamine release
-increase cAMP -blockage of adenosine receptors --> bronchodilation and cardiac arrhythmias |
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What are the systems affected by a theobromine toxicosis?
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cardiac, CNS, urinary, GI --> ENERGIZER BUNNY
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What is a typical clinical sign of theobromine toxicosis?
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bounce like a ball
cardia arrythmias |
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What are the systems affected by NSAID toxicosis?
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GI, renal
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What are some drugs you may give for NSAID tox?
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-sucralfate to coat ulcer
-omeprazole to reduce gastric acid -misoprostol to reduce gastric hemorrhage and ulceration (HELPFUL) -Ranitidine - H2 blocker |
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Is acetaminophen an anti-inflammatory?
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no
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What signs are see with acetaminophen toxicosis?
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Garfield face
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Is ivermectin a cumulative toxicant?
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yes - and younger are more susceptible
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What is most susceptible to ivermectin toxicosis?
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younger
-collie breeds |
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What are the systems affected with ivermectin toxicity and what are the clinical signs?
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CNS
-mydriasis, blindness (reversible) |
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What is the MoA of ivermectin and DEC/Piperazine?
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GABA agonistis - therefore causes inhibitory effects via membrane hyperpolarization
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What is the main system affected by DEC/Piperazine and what are the main clinical signs?
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CNS
-myoclonus (head/neck forward with legs back) |
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What are treatments for ivermectan and DEC/Piperazine toxicosis?
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short-acting barbituates
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What is the MoA of pseudoephedine?
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-(symphatomimetcis) stimulate alpha and beta adrenergic receptors --> fight or flight syndrome
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What are the systems affected with pseudoephedrine?
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CNS, cardiac
-hallucinations, head bobbing and arrythmias |
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What is the treatment for pseudoephedrine toxicosis?
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acepromazine for tremors
-urinary acidification (avoid if myoglobinuria) |
